董家茭(jiao)白(bai)外形粗壯勻稱,表(biao)皮光滑(hua)潔白(bai),肉(rou)質鮮嫩(nen)無渣,微(wei)甜(tian)爽口清香。董家茭(jiao)白(bai)種(zhong)植品種(zhong)以‘龍茭(jiao)2號’等雙季(ji)茭(jiao)為主,秋(qiu)茭(jiao)采收期間選種(zhong),選擇茭(jiao)形好、孕茭(jiao)率高、孕茭(jiao)一致(zhi),肉(rou)色(se)淡(dan)白(bai)柔嫩(nen),苔管(guan)短,茭(jiao)形肥大,整齊度好,結(jie)茭(jiao)部位低(di)的植株作為種(zhong)墩。
董(dong)家茭白區(qu)域保護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei):東經120°26′09″~120°33′43″,北緯30°38′14″~30°47′48″,即浙江(jiang)省桐鄉(xiang)市烏鎮鎮所轄(xia)行政區(qu)域,包括董(dong)家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、皂林村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南王村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、金牛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、正福村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、元豐村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊園村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、翔厚村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、單橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、分水墩(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、虹橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、浮(fu)瀾橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、橫港村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、陳(chen)(chen)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白馬墩(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西浜村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南莊(zhuang)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、碓坊橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、陳(chen)(chen)家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、彭家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙塔村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、顏家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、民合村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、五星村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、浙月(yue)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、新(xin)翁(weng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),共26個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。現有種(zhong)植面積867公頃,總產量50000余噸。保護(hu)區(qu)域面積5467公頃。
外形粗壯勻稱(cheng),表皮光(guang)滑潔白(bai),肉質鮮嫩無渣,微(wei)甜爽口清(qing)香。
董家茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以‘龍茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2號(hao)’等雙季茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為主。秋茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽培選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)秋茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)采(cai)(cai)收期(qi)(qi)間(jian)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形好(hao)(hao)、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)率高(gao)、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一致,肉色淡白(bai)(bai)柔嫩(nen),苔管短,茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形肥(fei)大,整齊度好(hao)(hao),結茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)部位低的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)墩(dun)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)墩(dun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou),采(cai)(cai)用假(jia)植(zhi)(寄秧)方式育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),按假(jia)植(zhi)田(tian)與(yu)大田(tian)1:10選(xuan)(xuan)好(hao)(hao)留(liu)(liu)足(zu)寄秧田(tian),在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)底,按行株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)80cm×30cm,將(jiang)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)的(de)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)秧假(jia)植(zhi)到(dao)秧田(tian)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)陰(yin)天或傍晚(wan)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi),定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前割去(qu)上(shang)部茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),留(liu)(liu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)35~40cm。起墩(dun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)至少帶1個(ge)老(lao)苔管,隨起隨種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)行株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)100cm×60cm。基肥(fei):每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)有(you)機肥(fei)500~750kg。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei):茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)大田(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)掌握“前重(zhong)(zhong)、中控(kong)、后(hou)(hou)促(cu)(cu)”的(de)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)原(yuan)則(ze),分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在(zai)(zai)返青期(qi)(qi)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)一次。水(shui)位管理定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)先深(shen)水(shui)(15~20cm)促(cu)(cu)活苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)淺水(shui)促(cu)(cu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo),分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)結合(he)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)擱田(tian);高(gao)溫(wen)及(ji)孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)期(qi)(qi)適當加(jia)深(shen)水(shui)位,采(cai)(cai)收期(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)淺水(shui)位。刪葉(xie)(xie)(xie)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)進入分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi),結合(he)耘(yun)田(tian),及(ji)時(shi)清除枯(ku)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、黃(huang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、病(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及(ji)蟲(chong)卵葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。夏季定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前10天放養浮萍,要求定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前長滿田(tian)塊(kuai)。夏茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為雙季茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)第(di)二季,秋季茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)采(cai)(cai)摘完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou),12月(yue)(yue)(yue)中下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)將(jiang)越冬殘留(liu)(liu)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)莖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)齊泥割平,清除雄(xiong)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)株(zhu)(zhu)(墩(dun))及(ji)灰茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)株(zhu)(zhu),灌護根水(shui),保(bao)持(chi)田(tian)間(jian)濕潤不開(kai)裂,防(fang)止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)根受霜凍。設施(shi)(shi)栽培夏茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)應(ying)于(yu)(yu)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)覆蓋(gai)棚膜(mo)與(yu)地膜(mo),至來(lai)年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)或2月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)揭地膜(mo),4月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)揭去(qu)棚膜(mo)。膜(mo)內溫(wen)度超(chao)過(guo)30℃應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)通(tong)風降溫(wen)。于(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)20~30cm時(shi)定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),去(qu)除分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),每(mei)墩(dun)留(liu)(liu)18~20株(zhu)(zhu)壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)開(kai)始耘(yun)田(tian);在(zai)(zai)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)墩(dun)中央放置土塊(kuai),增加(jia)光照面積。在(zai)(zai)新苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)露(lu)出(chu)水(shui)面時(shi)施(shi)(shi)“催苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)”;4月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)施(shi)(shi)“促(cu)(cu)蘗(bo)肥(fei)”;大田(tian)孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)70%時(shi)施(shi)(shi)“孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)肥(fei)”,第(di)一批采(cai)(cai)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)后(hou)(hou)補施(shi)(shi)1~2次追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)至孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)淺水(shui)位管理,孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)深(shen)水(shui)位。病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治堅(jian)持(chi)“預防(fang)為主,綜合(he)防(fang)治”的(de)原(yuan)則(ze),優先采(cai)(cai)用農(nong)業防(fang)治、物理防(fang)治、生物防(fang)治等方法。重(zhong)(zhong)點做好(hao)(hao)胡(hu)麻斑(ban)病(bing)、紋枯(ku)病(bing)、銹病(bing)、大螟(ming)、二化螟(ming)、長綠飛虱、蚜蟲(chong)等病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治工作(zuo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)莖部顯著膨大,肉茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)露(lu)白(bai)(bai)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)收。根據客戶要求包(bao)裝(zhuang),規范使用標志標識(shi)。采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)整理包(bao)裝(zhuang),可存放于(yu)(yu)專用冷庫(ku)(ku)保(bao)鮮,庫(ku)(ku)內溫(wen)度保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)0℃~3℃。