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項目(mu)序號(hao)：1414

項目編號：Ⅲ-142

公布時間：2021(第五批)

類別：傳統舞蹈

所屬地(di)區(qu)：甘肅省

類型：新增項目

申報(bao)地區(qu)或單位：甘(gan)肅省定西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣

保護單(dan)位：甘肅省(sheng)隴西縣文化館(guan)

歷史溯源

作為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)古(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝術，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源與演(yan)(yan)變(bian)，無(wu)確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字記(ji)載。從(cong)(cong)形(xing)式上(shang)(shang)看(kan)(kan)(kan)，朝山隊所(suo)(suo)執的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八面(mian)大旗上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)案是龍、獅、虎(hu)、豹(bao)、日月、星(xing)辰、朱雀和(he)(he)玄武，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、清光傘(san)和(he)(he)巨幡上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紋圖(tu)案皆為(wei)道家特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)極圖(tu)、云(yun)頭環，所(suo)(suo)著服飾也為(wei)道家仙童(tong)打扮；而(er)在隊伍后面(mian)，卻(que)高樹一(yi)尊釋迦牟尼佛像。從(cong)(cong)舞蹈動作看(kan)(kan)(kan)，是以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西部(bu)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)單(dan)手(shou)鞭桿和(he)(he)雙(shuang)手(shou)鞭桿之武術套路演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而(er)來(lai)，剛柔相(xiang)濟，力勢并(bing)舉。從(cong)(cong)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)內容(rong)看(kan)(kan)(kan)，民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)資料表(biao)明，早先云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)要分大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三組(zu)，至(zhi)少應由(you)(you)64人組(zu)成(cheng)八八六(liu)十四卦(gua)之圖(tu)形(xing)，表(biao)演(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨旗幡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引，不斷(duan)變(bian)幻為(wei)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)五行和(he)(he)八卦(gua)太(tai)極圖(tu)勢，以(yi)求神祈雨。改編后民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)僅由(you)(you)8人組(zu)成(cheng)，顯然完不成(cheng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)龐雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)。從(cong)(cong)嗩吶吹奏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂曲看(kan)(kan)(kan)，是典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)五聲調式，且(qie)與道教(jiao)(jiao)及(ji)其(qi)活動音樂旋律極為(wei)接(jie)近。由(you)(you)此可以(yi)看(kan)(kan)(kan)出，隴(long)西民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)朝山隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，既(ji)有道教(jiao)(jiao)內容(rong)，也含佛教(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)份，且(qie)在“浴(yu)佛節”演(yan)(yan)出，這是由(you)(you)隴(long)西地區民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)信仰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佛道交融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)”這一(yi)稱(cheng)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來(lai)，亦(yi)無(wu)文字記(ji)載。但從(cong)(cong)制(zhi)作樣式和(he)(he)敲擊方式看(kan)(kan)(kan)，似從(cong)(cong)古(gu)代(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而(er)來(lai)。古(gu)代(dai)樂隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，掌(zhang)拍(pai)擊樂器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)“拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)之記(ji)載，最早見于公元(yuan)(yuan)3-5世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)時魏晉時代(dai)，以(yi)后漸為(wei)詳盡。木板(ban)(ban)(ban)數目，歷代(dai)不等：公元(yuan)(yuan)7-10世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)時（唐代(dai)）10余(yu)片(pian)(pian)，公元(yuan)(yuan)10-13世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)時（宋代(dai)時）6片(pian)(pian)，公元(yuan)(yuan)14-17世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)（明代(dai)）時4片(pian)(pian)。福建南音中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也使用4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。其(qi)他戲(xi)曲樂隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，已逐漸變(bian)為(wei)3片(pian)(pian)，改雙(shuang)手(shou)握(wo)持(chi)對擊為(wei)單(dan)手(shou)拍(pai)擊，俗稱(cheng)“牙子”。道教(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也稱(cheng)“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)”，說敲擊它能呼風喚(huan)雨，法力無(wu)邊。那么，隴(long)西云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)既(ji)然為(wei)道家所(suo)(suo)創，其(qi)名稱(cheng)很可能由(you)(you)“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變(bian)為(wei)“云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)”。

方法技巧

隴(long)西云(yun)陽板(ban)的(de)(de)道(dao)具(ju)(ju)傳說由國(guo)舅(jiu)所持(chi)法(fa)寶“云(yun)陽板(ban)”演變(bian)(bian)而來。板(ban)長約三尺，寬二寸五(wu)，4片為一(yi)副，內(nei)貫銅(tong)錢，裝飾有精美圖案，拍擊脆響(xiang)，是(shi)表演者手持(chi)的(de)(de)道(dao)具(ju)(ju)。每年農歷四月初八，隴(long)西仁(ren)壽山(shan)(shan)都要(yao)舉行(xing)萬人(ren)朝山(shan)(shan)盛會(hui)(hui)，云(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)便是(shi)朝山(shan)(shan)廟會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容。后經提(ti)煉改編(bian)，云(yun)陽板(ban)舞(wu)已(yi)演變(bian)(bian)成為人(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾期望(wang)風調雨順、國(guo)泰民(min)安和(he)祝(zhu)福吉祥(xiang)如(ru)意良好愿望(wang)的(de)(de)一(yi)種民(min)間舞(wu)蹈藝(yi)術(shu)。

藝術特色

后來，隴(long)西縣對云陽(yang)板(ban)舞蹈(dao)(dao)進(jin)行了(le)挖掘整理(li)，重新(xin)演練，并組(zu)成了(le)100多(duo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)隴(long)西云陽(yang)板(ban)演出(chu)隊(dui)，為廣大群眾獻演，多(duo)次參(can)加國家和(he)(he)(he)地方的(de)(de)(de)重大活動(dong)。改編后的(de)(de)(de)隴(long)西云陽(yang)板(ban)繼承了(le)單手(shou)鞭(bian)桿、雙手(shou)鞭(bian)桿、撲手(shou)亮相(xiang)、小刀花翻(fan)身、飛腳臥魚、吸腿深(shen)海、交叉對板(ban)、展(zhan)翅占步、各自(zi)擊板(ban)、互相(xiang)對板(ban)和(he)(he)(he)繞身轉(zhuan)板(ban)等傳統云陽(yang)板(ban)舞蹈(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作和(he)(he)(he)步法，表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)黃土高原民(min)間(jian)舞蹈(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)風采。全部舞蹈(dao)(dao)由(you)祈(qi)雨、豐收和(he)(he)(he)歡慶(qing)三篇(pian)組(zu)成。祈(qi)雨篇(pian)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)希望(wang)風調雨順的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)好愿(yuan)望(wang)，再現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)人(ren)民(min)群眾辛(xin)勤(qin)耕耘、引水灌溉、克(ke)服困難的(de)(de)(de)情景(jing)；豐收篇(pian)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)用勤(qin)勞和(he)(he)(he)智(zhi)慧換來的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)色豐收；歡慶(qing)篇(pian)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)隴(long)原兒(er)女祝(zhu)福的(de)(de)(de)壯美(mei)圖畫。

傳承保護

2011年3月(yue)16日，甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)定西市隴西縣申報的隴西云(yun)陽板甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)人民(min)政府批準(zhun)列入甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)第三批非物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)。遺(yi)產(chan)編號：Ⅲ-5。

2021年5月(yue)24日，甘肅(su)省定(ding)西市隴西縣(xian)申報的隴西云陽板經國務院批準列入第五(wu)批國家級(ji)非物(wu)質文化遺產代表(biao)性項目名錄。遺產編號：Ⅲ-142。