項目序號(hao):1414
項目(mu)編號:Ⅲ-142
公(gong)布時間:2021(第(di)五批)
類別:傳統舞蹈
所屬地區(qu):甘肅省
類型:新增項目
申報地區(qu)或單位:甘肅省定西市隴西縣(xian)
保護單位:甘肅省(sheng)隴西縣文(wen)化館
作為一種古(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝術,云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)源與(yu)演(yan)(yan)變(bian),無(wu)確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。從(cong)形式(shi)上(shang)看(kan),朝(chao)山隊(dui)(dui)所執的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八面大旗(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案是(shi)龍(long)、獅、虎、豹、日月、星(xing)辰、朱雀和(he)(he)玄武,云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、清(qing)光(guang)傘和(he)(he)巨幡上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋圖案皆為道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太極圖、云(yun)(yun)頭環,所著服飾也(ye)為道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)仙童打扮(ban);而(er)(er)在(zai)隊(dui)(dui)伍后面,卻高樹(shu)一尊釋迦牟尼佛(fo)像。從(cong)舞蹈動作看(kan),是(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)西部(bu)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)單(dan)手(shou)鞭桿和(he)(he)雙手(shou)鞭桿之(zhi)(zhi)武術套路演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而(er)(er)來(lai),剛柔相(xiang)濟,力勢并舉。從(cong)表演(yan)(yan)內容看(kan),民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)資料表明,早先云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)(yan)要分大、中(zhong)、小三(san)組(zu),至少應由(you)(you)64人(ren)組(zu)成八八六(liu)十(shi)四卦之(zhi)(zhi)圖形,表演(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)隨(sui)旗(qi)幡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指引,不斷(duan)變(bian)幻為陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)五行和(he)(he)八卦太極圖勢,以(yi)求(qiu)神祈雨(yu)。改編后民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)僅由(you)(you)8人(ren)組(zu)成,顯然完不成以(yi)上(shang)龐雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。從(cong)嗩吶(na)吹奏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲看(kan),是(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)五聲調式(shi),且與(yu)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)及其(qi)活動音(yin)樂(le)旋律(lv)極為接近。由(you)(you)此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出,隴西民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)朝(chao)山隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong),既(ji)有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)內容,也(ye)含佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)成份,且在(zai)“浴佛(fo)節”演(yan)(yan)出,這是(shi)由(you)(you)隴西地區民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)信仰中(zhong)佛(fo)道(dao)(dao)交融的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)(li)史形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”這一稱(cheng)(cheng)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來(lai),亦無(wu)文字(zi)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。但從(cong)制(zhi)作樣式(shi)和(he)(he)敲擊(ji)方式(shi)看(kan),似從(cong)古(gu)代拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而(er)(er)來(lai)。古(gu)代樂(le)隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong),掌拍(pai)(pai)擊(ji)樂(le)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫“拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)(ji)載(zai),最(zui)早見于(yu)公(gong)元3-5世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)魏晉時(shi)代,以(yi)后漸為詳(xiang)盡。木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數目,歷(li)(li)代不等:公(gong)元7-10世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(唐(tang)代)10余(yu)片(pian)(pian)(pian),公(gong)元10-13世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(宋代時(shi))6片(pian)(pian)(pian),公(gong)元14-17世(shi)紀(ji)(明代)時(shi)4片(pian)(pian)(pian)。福建南音(yin)中(zhong)也(ye)使用4片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。其(qi)他戲曲樂(le)隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),已逐漸變(bian)為3片(pian)(pian)(pian),改雙手(shou)握持對擊(ji)為單(dan)手(shou)拍(pai)(pai)擊(ji),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“牙(ya)子”。道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”,說敲擊(ji)它(ta)能呼風喚雨(yu),法力無(wu)邊。那么,隴西云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)既(ji)然為道(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)所創(chuang),其(qi)名稱(cheng)(cheng)很可(ke)能由(you)(you)“陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變(bian)為“云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。
隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板的道具傳(chuan)說(shuo)由(you)國(guo)舅(jiu)所(suo)持(chi)法寶“云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板”演(yan)變(bian)而來。板長(chang)約(yue)三(san)尺,寬二寸五(wu),4片為(wei)一副,內(nei)貫銅錢(qian),裝飾有精(jing)美圖(tu)案,拍(pai)擊脆響,是(shi)表演(yan)者手持(chi)的道具。每年農歷(li)四月(yue)初(chu)八,隴西(xi)仁(ren)壽山都要舉行萬人(ren)朝(chao)山盛會,云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板舞便(bian)是(shi)朝(chao)山廟(miao)會的主要內(nei)容。后經提煉改編(bian),云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板舞已(yi)演(yan)變(bian)成為(wei)人(ren)民(min)群眾期望風調雨(yu)順、國(guo)泰民(min)安和祝福吉(ji)祥如意良(liang)好愿望的一種民(min)間舞蹈藝(yi)術(shu)。
后(hou)來,隴(long)西縣對云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)舞蹈(dao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)挖(wa)掘整理,重新(xin)演練(lian),并(bing)組成了(le)(le)(le)100多人的隴(long)西云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)演出(chu)隊,為廣大(da)群眾(zhong)獻演,多次參加國家和地方的重大(da)活動。改編后(hou)的隴(long)西云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)繼承了(le)(le)(le)單手鞭(bian)桿、雙手鞭(bian)桿、撲手亮相、小刀(dao)花翻身、飛腳臥魚、吸腿深海(hai)、交叉對板(ban)、展翅占步、各自擊板(ban)、互相對板(ban)和繞身轉板(ban)等傳統(tong)云(yun)(yun)陽板(ban)舞蹈(dao)的動作和步法,表現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)土高原民間舞蹈(dao)的風采。全部舞蹈(dao)由(you)祈(qi)(qi)雨(yu)、豐(feng)收和歡(huan)慶(qing)三篇組成。祈(qi)(qi)雨(yu)篇表現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)(lao)動人民希望風調雨(yu)順(shun)的美好愿望,再(zai)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)人民群眾(zhong)辛(xin)勤耕耘(yun)、引(yin)水灌溉、克服(fu)困難的情景;豐(feng)收篇表現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)(lao)動人民用勤勞(lao)(lao)和智慧換來的金色(se)豐(feng)收;歡(huan)慶(qing)篇展現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)隴(long)原兒女(nv)祝福的壯美圖畫。
2011年(nian)3月(yue)16日,甘肅省定西市隴西縣(xian)申(shen)報的隴西云陽板甘肅省人民政府批準列入甘肅省第三(san)批非物(wu)質(zhi)文化遺(yi)(yi)產。遺(yi)(yi)產編號:Ⅲ-5。
2021年5月(yue)24日(ri),甘(gan)肅省定西市隴西縣申(shen)報的隴西云陽板(ban)經國務院批準列(lie)入第五批國家級非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺產代(dai)表性項目名(ming)錄。遺產編號(hao):Ⅲ-142。