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項(xiang)目序號：1414

項目編(bian)號：Ⅲ-142

公(gong)布時(shi)間：2021(第(di)五批(pi))

類別：傳統舞蹈

所屬地區(qu)：甘(gan)肅省

類型：新增項目

申報地(di)區或(huo)單位：甘肅(su)省定西市隴西縣

保護單位：甘肅省隴西縣文化(hua)館

歷史溯源

作為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間藝術，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源與(yu)演(yan)(yan)變，無確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)記載。從(cong)(cong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，朝(chao)山(shan)隊(dui)(dui)所執的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)面(mian)大(da)旗(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案是龍、獅、虎、豹、日月、星(xing)辰、朱雀和玄武，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、清(qing)光(guang)傘和巨幡(fan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋圖案皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)家特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太極圖、云(yun)頭環，所著服飾(shi)也為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)家仙童(tong)打扮；而(er)在隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)后(hou)面(mian)，卻高樹一尊釋迦(jia)牟尼(ni)佛(fo)像(xiang)。從(cong)(cong)舞蹈動作看(kan)(kan)，是以(yi)中(zhong)國西(xi)部(bu)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間單手鞭(bian)桿和雙手鞭(bian)桿之(zhi)(zhi)武術套(tao)路演(yan)(yan)變而(er)來(lai)，剛柔(rou)相(xiang)濟，力勢(shi)并舉(ju)。從(cong)(cong)表演(yan)(yan)內容看(kan)(kan)，民(min)間資料表明，早先云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)(yan)要分大(da)、中(zhong)、小三組，至(zhi)少應(ying)由(you)(you)64人(ren)組成八(ba)八(ba)六十四卦之(zhi)(zhi)圖形(xing)，表演(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)隨(sui)旗(qi)幡(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指引，不(bu)斷變幻為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰陽(yang)(yang)五行(xing)和八(ba)卦太極圖勢(shi)，以(yi)求神(shen)祈(qi)雨(yu)。改編(bian)后(hou)民(min)間云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)僅(jin)由(you)(you)8人(ren)組成，顯然完不(bu)成以(yi)上(shang)龐(pang)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。從(cong)(cong)嗩吶吹奏(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲看(kan)(kan)，是典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國民(min)間五聲調(diao)式(shi)(shi)，且與(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教及其活動音(yin)樂(le)旋(xuan)律極為(wei)(wei)(wei)接(jie)近。由(you)(you)此(ci)可以(yi)看(kan)(kan)出，隴(long)西(xi)民(min)間朝(chao)山(shan)隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)，既(ji)有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教內容，也含佛(fo)教成份(fen)，且在“浴佛(fo)節”演(yan)(yan)出，這(zhe)是由(you)(you)隴(long)西(xi)地區民(min)間信仰中(zhong)佛(fo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)交(jiao)融的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”這(zhe)一稱(cheng)(cheng)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來(lai)，亦無文字(zi)記載。但從(cong)(cong)制(zhi)作樣式(shi)(shi)和敲(qiao)擊方(fang)式(shi)(shi)看(kan)(kan)，似從(cong)(cong)古代(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)(yan)變而(er)來(lai)。古代(dai)樂(le)隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)，掌拍(pai)擊樂(le)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫“拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)記載，最早見于公元3-5世紀時魏晉時代(dai)，以(yi)后(hou)漸(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)詳盡。木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數(shu)目，歷代(dai)不(bu)等：公元7-10世紀時（唐代(dai)）10余片(pian)(pian)，公元10-13世紀時（宋代(dai)時）6片(pian)(pian)，公元14-17世紀（明代(dai)）時4片(pian)(pian)。福建南音(yin)中(zhong)也使用4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。其他戲(xi)曲樂(le)隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，已逐(zhu)漸(jian)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)3片(pian)(pian)，改雙手握持(chi)對(dui)擊為(wei)(wei)(wei)單手拍(pai)擊，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“牙子”。道(dao)(dao)(dao)教中(zhong)也稱(cheng)(cheng)“陰陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”，說(shuo)敲(qiao)擊它能呼風喚雨(yu)，法力無邊。那(nei)么(me)，隴(long)西(xi)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)既(ji)然為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)家所創，其名稱(cheng)(cheng)很可能由(you)(you)“陰陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)“云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。

方法技巧

隴西云陽板(ban)的(de)道具傳說由國舅所持法寶“云陽板(ban)”演(yan)變(bian)而來(lai)。板(ban)長約(yue)三尺，寬二寸五，4片為(wei)一副(fu)，內(nei)貫銅(tong)錢，裝飾(shi)有精美圖案(an)，拍擊脆(cui)響，是(shi)(shi)表演(yan)者(zhe)手持的(de)道具。每(mei)年農歷四月(yue)初(chu)八，隴西仁壽山(shan)都(dou)要(yao)舉行萬人(ren)朝山(shan)盛(sheng)會(hui)，云陽板(ban)舞(wu)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)朝山(shan)廟會(hui)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)。后經提煉改編(bian)，云陽板(ban)舞(wu)已演(yan)變(bian)成為(wei)人(ren)民群眾期望(wang)風調雨(yu)順、國泰民安(an)和祝福(fu)吉祥(xiang)如意良好愿望(wang)的(de)一種民間舞(wu)蹈藝術。

藝術特色

后來，隴(long)西(xi)縣(xian)對(dui)(dui)云陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)舞蹈(dao)進行(xing)了(le)挖掘整理，重(zhong)新演(yan)練(lian)，并組(zu)(zu)成了(le)100多人(ren)的隴(long)西(xi)云陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)演(yan)出(chu)隊，為廣大(da)群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)獻演(yan)，多次參(can)加國(guo)家(jia)和(he)地方的重(zhong)大(da)活動(dong)。改編后的隴(long)西(xi)云陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)繼承(cheng)了(le)單(dan)手(shou)(shou)鞭桿(gan)、雙手(shou)(shou)鞭桿(gan)、撲手(shou)(shou)亮相、小刀(dao)花翻身、飛腳臥魚、吸腿深海、交叉(cha)對(dui)(dui)板(ban)(ban)、展翅占步、各自(zi)擊板(ban)(ban)、互(hu)相對(dui)(dui)板(ban)(ban)和(he)繞身轉(zhuan)板(ban)(ban)等傳統云陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)舞蹈(dao)的動(dong)作和(he)步法(fa)，表現(xian)了(le)黃土高原民(min)間(jian)舞蹈(dao)的風(feng)采(cai)。全部舞蹈(dao)由祈(qi)雨(yu)、豐收和(he)歡慶三篇(pian)(pian)組(zu)(zu)成。祈(qi)雨(yu)篇(pian)(pian)表現(xian)了(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)希(xi)望風(feng)調雨(yu)順的美好愿望，再現(xian)了(le)人(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)辛勤耕(geng)耘、引水(shui)灌溉、克服困難(nan)的情景；豐收篇(pian)(pian)表現(xian)了(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)用勤勞和(he)智慧(hui)換來的金色豐收；歡慶篇(pian)(pian)展現(xian)了(le)隴(long)原兒女祝(zhu)福(fu)的壯美圖畫(hua)。

傳承保護

2011年3月(yue)16日，甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)定西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣申(shen)報(bao)的隴西(xi)云陽(yang)板甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府批(pi)準列入甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)第三批(pi)非物質文化遺(yi)產。遺(yi)產編號：Ⅲ-5。

2021年5月(yue)24日，甘肅省定(ding)西市隴西縣申報的(de)隴西云陽板經國務院批(pi)(pi)準列入第五批(pi)(pi)國家級(ji)非(fei)物質(zhi)文化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)代(dai)表(biao)性項目名錄。遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)編(bian)號：Ⅲ-142。