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項目序號(hao)：1414

項目(mu)編(bian)號：Ⅲ-142

公布時間：2021(第五批)

類別：傳統舞蹈

所屬(shu)地區：甘(gan)肅省

類型：新增項目

申報地區或單位：甘肅(su)省定(ding)西(xi)市(shi)隴西(xi)縣

保護單(dan)位：甘肅省(sheng)隴西縣文化(hua)館

歷史溯源

作(zuo)為一(yi)種古(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)藝術，云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)源與演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，無確切的(de)(de)(de)文字記(ji)載(zai)(zai)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)形式上(shang)(shang)看(kan)(kan)(kan)，朝山隊(dui)所(suo)執的(de)(de)(de)八(ba)面大旗上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)圖案(an)是龍、獅、虎(hu)、豹、日(ri)月(yue)、星辰(chen)、朱(zhu)雀(que)和玄武，云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、清光傘和巨(ju)幡上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紋圖案(an)皆為道(dao)(dao)家特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)極圖、云(yun)(yun)(yun)頭(tou)環，所(suo)著服(fu)飾也(ye)(ye)為道(dao)(dao)家仙童打扮；而(er)在隊(dui)伍后(hou)面，卻(que)高樹一(yi)尊釋迦牟尼佛(fo)像。從(cong)(cong)(cong)舞(wu)蹈動作(zuo)看(kan)(kan)(kan)，是以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西(xi)部特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)單手鞭桿和雙手鞭桿之(zhi)武術套路演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)來，剛柔相濟，力勢并舉。從(cong)(cong)(cong)表演(yan)(yan)內(nei)容看(kan)(kan)(kan)，民(min)(min)間(jian)資料表明(ming)，早先云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)(yan)要分大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三(san)組，至(zhi)少應(ying)由64人組成(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)八(ba)六十(shi)四(si)卦之(zhi)圖形，表演(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨旗幡的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引，不(bu)斷變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)幻為陰陽(yang)五(wu)行和八(ba)卦太(tai)極圖勢，以(yi)求神(shen)祈雨(yu)。改編后(hou)民(min)(min)間(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)僅(jin)由8人組成(cheng)(cheng)，顯然(ran)完(wan)不(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)龐雜的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容。從(cong)(cong)(cong)嗩吶吹奏的(de)(de)(de)樂曲看(kan)(kan)(kan)，是典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)(min)間(jian)五(wu)聲調式，且與道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)及其(qi)(qi)活動音樂旋律極為接近。由此可以(yi)看(kan)(kan)(kan)出(chu)，隴西(xi)民(min)(min)間(jian)朝山隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，既(ji)有道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)內(nei)容，也(ye)(ye)含佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)份，且在“浴佛(fo)節(jie)”演(yan)(yan)出(chu)，這是由隴西(xi)地區民(min)(min)間(jian)信(xin)仰(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佛(fo)道(dao)(dao)交融的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)(li)史形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”這一(yi)稱謂的(de)(de)(de)由來，亦無文字記(ji)載(zai)(zai)。但從(cong)(cong)(cong)制作(zuo)樣式和敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)方式看(kan)(kan)(kan)，似從(cong)(cong)(cong)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)來。古(gu)代(dai)(dai)樂隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，掌拍(pai)(pai)擊(ji)(ji)樂器的(de)(de)(de)叫“拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之(zhi)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)，最早見于公元3-5世紀(ji)時魏晉時代(dai)(dai)，以(yi)后(hou)漸為詳盡(jin)。木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數目(mu)，歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)不(bu)等：公元7-10世紀(ji)時（唐代(dai)(dai)）10余片(pian)(pian)，公元10-13世紀(ji)時（宋(song)代(dai)(dai)時）6片(pian)(pian)，公元14-17世紀(ji)（明(ming)代(dai)(dai)）時4片(pian)(pian)。福建南音中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)使用(yong)4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。其(qi)(qi)他戲曲樂隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，已逐漸變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為3片(pian)(pian)，改雙手握持對擊(ji)(ji)為單手拍(pai)(pai)擊(ji)(ji)，俗稱“牙子”。道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)稱“陰陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”，說敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)它(ta)能(neng)呼(hu)風喚雨(yu)，法力無邊(bian)。那(nei)么，隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)既(ji)然(ran)為道(dao)(dao)家所(suo)創，其(qi)(qi)名(ming)稱很可能(neng)由“陰陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為“云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。

方法技巧

隴西(xi)(xi)云陽板(ban)的(de)道(dao)具傳說由國舅所持(chi)(chi)法寶“云陽板(ban)”演變而來。板(ban)長約三尺，寬二寸(cun)五，4片(pian)為一副，內(nei)貫銅(tong)錢，裝飾有精美(mei)圖案(an)，拍(pai)擊脆響，是(shi)表演者(zhe)手(shou)持(chi)(chi)的(de)道(dao)具。每年(nian)農歷四(si)月初八，隴西(xi)(xi)仁壽山都要(yao)(yao)舉行萬(wan)人朝(chao)(chao)山盛會，云陽板(ban)舞便是(shi)朝(chao)(chao)山廟會的(de)主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容。后經提煉改(gai)編，云陽板(ban)舞已演變成為人民(min)群眾期望風(feng)調雨順(shun)、國泰民(min)安和祝(zhu)福(fu)吉(ji)祥如意(yi)良好(hao)愿望的(de)一種民(min)間(jian)舞蹈藝術(shu)。

藝術特色

后來(lai)，隴西縣對云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)蹈進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)挖掘整(zheng)理，重(zhong)新演練，并組(zu)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)100多人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)隴西云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演出隊，為廣大群(qun)(qun)眾獻演，多次參(can)加國家(jia)和(he)地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大活動(dong)(dong)。改編后的(de)(de)(de)隴西云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)繼承了(le)(le)(le)(le)單手鞭桿、雙手鞭桿、撲手亮相、小刀(dao)花翻(fan)身(shen)、飛腳臥魚、吸(xi)腿深海、交叉(cha)對板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、展翅占步(bu)、各自擊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、互相對板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)繞身(shen)轉板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等傳統云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作和(he)步(bu)法，表現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)黃土高(gao)原民間(jian)舞(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)(de)風采。全部舞(wu)(wu)蹈由(you)祈雨(yu)、豐收和(he)歡慶(qing)三篇(pian)(pian)(pian)組(zu)成。祈雨(yu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民希(xi)望(wang)風調雨(yu)順的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)好愿望(wang)，再現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)民群(qun)(qun)眾辛勤耕耘、引水灌溉、克(ke)服(fu)困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)情景(jing)；豐收篇(pian)(pian)(pian)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民用勤勞(lao)和(he)智慧換來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)金色豐收；歡慶(qing)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)展現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)隴原兒(er)女(nv)祝福的(de)(de)(de)壯美(mei)圖畫。

傳承保護

2011年(nian)3月16日，甘肅(su)(su)省定西(xi)市隴(long)西(xi)縣申報(bao)的隴(long)西(xi)云陽板(ban)甘肅(su)(su)省人民(min)政府批準列入(ru)甘肅(su)(su)省第三批非(fei)物質文化遺產。遺產編號：Ⅲ-5。

2021年5月24日，甘肅省定(ding)西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣申報的隴西(xi)云陽板經國(guo)務院批準列入第五批國(guo)家級非物質文化(hua)遺產代表性項目名錄(lu)。遺產編號：Ⅲ-142。