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項目序號：1414

項目編號(hao)：Ⅲ-142

公布(bu)時(shi)間：2021(第五批(pi))

類別：傳統舞蹈

所屬(shu)地區：甘肅省

類型：新增項目

申報地區或單位(wei)：甘(gan)肅省定西市隴西縣

保護(hu)單位：甘肅省(sheng)隴西縣文化館

歷史溯源

作為(wei)(wei)一種古(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝術，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源(yuan)與演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)，無確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。從形式(shi)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，朝山隊(dui)(dui)所(suo)執的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)面大(da)旗上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)案是(shi)龍、獅、虎、豹、日(ri)月、星辰、朱雀和(he)(he)玄(xuan)武，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、清光(guang)傘和(he)(he)巨(ju)幡上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紋圖(tu)案皆為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太極(ji)圖(tu)、云(yun)頭環，所(suo)著服(fu)飾也(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家仙童打扮；而在(zai)隊(dui)(dui)伍后面，卻高樹一尊釋(shi)迦牟尼(ni)佛(fo)像。從舞蹈動作看(kan)(kan)，是(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)西部特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)單手(shou)(shou)鞭(bian)桿和(he)(he)雙(shuang)手(shou)(shou)鞭(bian)桿之武術套路演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)而來，剛柔相濟，力勢(shi)并舉。從表演(yan)(yan)內容看(kan)(kan)，民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)資(zi)料表明(ming)，早先云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)(yan)要(yao)分大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三組，至少應由(you)(you)64人組成(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)八(ba)六十四卦之圖(tu)形，表演(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨旗幡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指引，不斷變(bian)(bian)幻為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)五行和(he)(he)八(ba)卦太極(ji)圖(tu)勢(shi)，以(yi)求(qiu)神(shen)祈雨(yu)。改編后民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)僅(jin)由(you)(you)8人組成(cheng)(cheng)，顯然(ran)完不成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)上(shang)龐雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。從嗩吶吹(chui)奏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂曲看(kan)(kan)，是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)五聲調式(shi)，且與道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)及其(qi)活(huo)動音(yin)樂旋律極(ji)為(wei)(wei)接近。由(you)(you)此可以(yi)看(kan)(kan)出，隴西民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)朝山隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，既有道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)內容，也(ye)(ye)含佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)份，且在(zai)“浴佛(fo)節”演(yan)(yan)出，這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)(you)隴西地(di)區民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)信(xin)仰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佛(fo)道(dao)交融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”這(zhe)一稱(cheng)(cheng)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來，亦無文字記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。但從制作樣式(shi)和(he)(he)敲(qiao)擊(ji)方式(shi)看(kan)(kan)，似(si)從古(gu)(gu)代(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)而來。古(gu)(gu)代(dai)樂隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，掌拍(pai)擊(ji)樂器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)“拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之記(ji)(ji)載(zai)，最早見于公元3-5世紀時(shi)魏(wei)晉時(shi)代(dai)，以(yi)后漸(jian)為(wei)(wei)詳盡。木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)數目，歷代(dai)不等：公元7-10世紀時(shi)（唐代(dai)）10余片(pian)(pian)，公元10-13世紀時(shi)（宋代(dai)時(shi)）6片(pian)(pian)，公元14-17世紀（明(ming)代(dai)）時(shi)4片(pian)(pian)。福建南音(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)使(shi)用4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。其(qi)他戲曲樂隊(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，已逐漸(jian)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)3片(pian)(pian)，改雙(shuang)手(shou)(shou)握持(chi)對擊(ji)為(wei)(wei)單手(shou)(shou)拍(pai)擊(ji)，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“牙子(zi)”。道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”，說敲(qiao)擊(ji)它(ta)能呼風喚雨(yu)，法力無邊。那么，隴西云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)既然(ran)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家所(suo)創，其(qi)名稱(cheng)(cheng)很可能由(you)(you)“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)“云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”。

方法技巧

隴(long)西云陽板(ban)的(de)道(dao)具傳說由國舅所(suo)持法(fa)寶“云陽板(ban)”演(yan)變(bian)而(er)來。板(ban)長約三尺，寬二寸五，4片為一(yi)副(fu)，內(nei)貫銅錢(qian)，裝飾(shi)有精美圖案，拍擊(ji)脆響，是表(biao)演(yan)者(zhe)手持的(de)道(dao)具。每年(nian)農歷四月(yue)初(chu)八，隴(long)西仁壽山都要舉行萬(wan)人朝山盛會，云陽板(ban)舞(wu)便是朝山廟(miao)會的(de)主要內(nei)容(rong)。后經(jing)提(ti)煉改編(bian)，云陽板(ban)舞(wu)已(yi)演(yan)變(bian)成為人民(min)群(qun)眾期望風調雨順、國泰民(min)安和祝福(fu)吉(ji)祥(xiang)如意(yi)良好愿(yuan)望的(de)一(yi)種民(min)間舞(wu)蹈藝術。

藝術特色

后(hou)來，隴(long)西縣(xian)對(dui)(dui)云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)進行了(le)(le)挖掘整理，重(zhong)新演練，并組(zu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)100多人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)隴(long)西云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)演出隊，為廣大(da)群(qun)眾獻演，多次參加(jia)國家和(he)地(di)方的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)活動(dong)。改編后(hou)的(de)(de)隴(long)西云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)繼承了(le)(le)單(dan)手鞭(bian)桿(gan)、雙手鞭(bian)桿(gan)、撲手亮相(xiang)、小刀(dao)花翻身、飛(fei)腳臥魚、吸腿深海、交叉對(dui)(dui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、展翅占步、各自擊板(ban)(ban)(ban)、互相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)繞身轉板(ban)(ban)(ban)等傳(chuan)統云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)的(de)(de)動(dong)作和(he)步法，表現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)黃土高(gao)原民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)的(de)(de)風采。全(quan)部舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)由祈雨(yu)、豐收(shou)和(he)歡(huan)慶(qing)三篇(pian)(pian)組(zu)成(cheng)。祈雨(yu)篇(pian)(pian)表現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)希(xi)望風調(diao)雨(yu)順的(de)(de)美好愿望，再現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾辛勤(qin)耕耘、引(yin)水(shui)灌溉、克服困難(nan)的(de)(de)情景；豐收(shou)篇(pian)(pian)表現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)用勤(qin)勞和(he)智慧換來的(de)(de)金色豐收(shou)；歡(huan)慶(qing)篇(pian)(pian)展現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)隴(long)原兒(er)女祝福的(de)(de)壯美圖(tu)畫。

傳承保護

2011年(nian)3月16日，甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)定(ding)西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣申(shen)報的隴西(xi)云陽板甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)人民(min)政府批準(zhun)列(lie)入(ru)甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)第三(san)批非物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)。遺(yi)產(chan)編(bian)號(hao)：Ⅲ-5。

2021年(nian)5月24日(ri)，甘肅省定西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣申報的隴西(xi)云陽板經國務院批(pi)準列入第(di)五批(pi)國家級非(fei)物質文化遺產代表性項目名錄(lu)。遺產編號：Ⅲ-142。