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基本信息

【材質】：紙本

【收(shou)藏機構】：首(shou)都博(bo)物館收(shou)藏

書卷介紹

《進學解》原文(wen)是唐代韓愈的著名(ming)文(wen)章(zhang)。此(ci)卷是鮮(xian)于樞(shu)用(yong)行(xing)書(shu)、草書(shu)所寫，其全文(wen)，共一(yi)○八(ba)行(xing)，每(mei)行(xing)二-十字不等。

該卷(juan)尾題“右韓文公進學解”、未署書(shu)者名款。據卷(juan)后元(yuan)人(ren)之跋，和書(shu)法風格(ge)相較，當為鮮于氏(shi)所書(shu)。此卷(juan)上(shang)下(xia)兩端(duan)有火燒痕跡，下(xia)端(duan)間或(huo)有殘缺。卷(juan)內鈴有“晉(jin)府圖(tu)書(shu)”“晉(jin)國(guo)奎章”“清和堂章”“鄭親王印”等鑒藏(zang)用(yong)印。今(jin)節選其(qi)一截五行(xing)。文日：“余哉(zai)弟子事(shi)先生于此有年矣先生口不絕吟(yin)于六藝之文手不停披萬園編記事(shi)者心題其(qi)”大部草書(shu)。

作品釋文

國子先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)晨入太學(xue)，召諸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立館下，誨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：“業精(jing)于(yu)(yu)勤，荒于(yu)(yu)嬉。行成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)思，毀于(yu)(yu)隨(sui)。方(fang)今圣(sheng)賢相逢，治具畢張(zhang)(zhang)。拔去兇(xiong)邪，登(deng)崇俊良(liang)。占小善者(zhe)(zhe)率(lv)以錄(lu)，名(ming)一(yi)藝者(zhe)(zhe)無不(bu)(bu)(bu)庸。爬(pa)羅剔(ti)抉，刮垢磨光。蓋有(you)幸而(er)(er)獲選(xuan)，孰云(yun)多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)揚?諸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)業患(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能精(jing)，無患(huan)有(you)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)；行患(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能成(cheng)，無患(huan)有(you)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)。”言(yan)未既，有(you)笑于(yu)(yu)列者(zhe)(zhe)曰：“先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)欺(qi)余哉!弟子事先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，于(yu)(yu)茲有(you)年(nian)矣(yi)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)口不(bu)(bu)(bu)絕吟于(yu)(yu)六藝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，手不(bu)(bu)(bu)停披于(yu)(yu)百(bai)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編。記事者(zhe)(zhe)必提其(qi)(qi)要，纂(zuan)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)必鉤其(qi)(qi)玄。貪多(duo)(duo)務得，細大不(bu)(bu)(bu)捐。焚膏油以繼晷，恒兀兀以窮年(nian)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業，可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)勤矣(yi)。抵排異(yi)端，攘斥(chi)佛(fo)老；補苴罅漏，張(zhang)(zhang)皇幽眇。尋墜緒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫(mang)茫(mang)，獨旁搜(sou)而(er)(er)遠紹(shao)；障百(bai)川而(er)(er)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，回狂瀾于(yu)(yu)既倒。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)，可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)勞矣(yi)。沈浸濃(nong)郁，含英咀華；作為(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)，其(qi)(qi)書滿家。上窺姚(yao)姒(si)，渾(hun)渾(hun)無涯；周《誥》殷《盤》，佶(ji)屈聱牙(ya)。《春(chun)秋(qiu)》謹嚴，《左氏(shi)》浮(fu)夸；《易》奇而(er)(er)法，《詩(shi)》正而(er)(er)葩。下逮(dai)《莊》《騷》，太史(shi)所錄(lu)；子云(yun)、相如，同工異(yi)曲。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)，可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)閎其(qi)(qi)中而(er)(er)肆其(qi)(qi)外矣(yi)!少始知學(xue)，勇(yong)于(yu)(yu)敢為(wei)(wei)。長通于(yu)(yu)方(fang)，左右俱宜：先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)人，可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)矣(yi)。然(ran)而(er)(er)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)信于(yu)(yu)人，私不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)助于(yu)(yu)友。跋前致（躓(zhi)）后，動(dong)輒得咎。暫為(wei)(wei)御史(shi)，遂竄南夷。三年(nian)博士，冗(rong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)治。命與仇謀，取敗(bai)幾時！冬暖(nuan)而(er)(er)兒號(hao)寒，年(nian)豐而(er)(er)妻啼饑。頭童齒豁，竟死(si)何裨？不(bu)(bu)(bu)知慮此，（而(er)(er)）反(fan)教人為(wei)(wei)！”先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰：“吁(yu)！子來前。夫(fu)大木為(wei)(wei)杗，細木為(wei)(wei)桷。欂櫨(lu)侏儒(ru)，椳闑扂楔，各得其(qi)(qi)宜，施以成(cheng)室者(zhe)(zhe)，匠氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工也(ye)(ye)。玉(yu)札(zha)、丹砂，赤箭、青芝，牛溲，馬勃(bo)，敗(bai)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮(pi)，俱收并蓄(xu)，待用(yong)無遺者(zhe)(zhe)，醫（師）之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)也(ye)(ye)。登(deng)明(ming)選(xuan)公(gong)，雜進巧拙，紆余為(wei)(wei)妍，卓犖為(wei)(wei)杰，校短(duan)量長，惟器(qi)是(shi)適者(zhe)(zhe)，宰(zai)相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)也(ye)(ye)。昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)孟軻好辯，孔道(dao)以明(ming)。轍(che)環(huan)天下，卒老于(yu)(yu)行。荀卿守(shou)正，大論以興。逃讒(chan)于(yu)(yu)楚，廢(fei)死(si)蘭陵。是(shi)二(er)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)，吐辭為(wei)(wei)經，舉(ju)足為(wei)(wei)法。絕類離倫(lun)，優入圣(sheng)域，其(qi)(qi)遇于(yu)(yu)世何如也(ye)(ye)？今先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)雖勤而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)繇其(qi)(qi)統，言(yan)雖多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要其(qi)(qi)中。文(wen)(wen)雖奇而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)濟于(yu)(yu)用(yong)，行雖修而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顯于(yu)(yu)眾。猶且月費(fei)俸錢，歲糜廩(lin)粟。子不(bu)(bu)(bu)知耕，婦不(bu)(bu)(bu)知織。乘馬從(cong)徒，安坐而(er)(er)食(shi)。踵(zhong)常途之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi)役(yi)，窺陳編以盜(dao)竊。然(ran)而(er)(er)圣(sheng)主不(bu)(bu)(bu)加誅，宰(zai)臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)斥(chi)，茲非（其(qi)(qi)）幸歟？動(dong)而(er)(er)得謗，名(ming)亦隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。投閑置散，乃分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜。若夫(fu)商(shang)財賄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)無，計班資之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崇庳。忘己量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所稱，指前人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑕疵(ci)。是(shi)所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)詰(jie)匠氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以杙為(wei)(wei)楹，而(er)(er)訾(zi)醫師以昌陽(yang)引(yin)年(nian)，欲進其(qi)(qi)豨苓。”右韓文(wen)(wen)公(gong)《進學(xue)解》。

書法賞析

鮮于樞書寫的(de)《韓(han)愈進學解卷》，該(gai)作(zuo)品前半(ban)部以(yi)行書為(wei)主(zhu)，后(hou)半(ban)部以(yi)草(cao)書為(wei)主(zhu)，瀟(xiao)灑自(zi)然，一(yi)氣呵成，剛柔(rou)頓(dun)挫(cuo)，節奏分明。如水(shui)墨畫高(gao)低遠近，起伏(fu)多變。用筆主(zhu)鋒(feng)圓畫，飄逸之甚(shen)。每(mei)字(zi)(zi)(zi)起筆似(si)都上承前字(zi)(zi)(zi)而來，絕無(wu)突入之感；每(mei)字(zi)(zi)(zi)收筆又(you)都似(si)下連(lian)(lian)后(hou)字(zi)(zi)(zi)之起筆，雖不(bu)見得有牽絲可(ke)循，然其筆意字(zi)(zi)(zi)態，清晰可(ke)見。雖以(yi)斷字(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)主(zhu)，但亦有三字(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)者(zhe)兩處(chu)，二字(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)者(zhe)三處(chu)，其余皆字(zi)(zi)(zi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)作(zuo)牽絲縈繞，整篇(pian)看來，竟(jing)似(si)都不(bu)連(lian)(lian)屬，方顯(xian)出(chu)點點灑灑，如銀漢之群星(xing)，漫灑天(tian)河(he)而又(you)互相(xiang)(xiang)顧盼，彼此都各自(zi)為(wei)是(shi)，又(you)有統一(yi)之意念。

《韓愈進學解卷(juan)》是鮮于樞作品(pin)中的(de)一件(jian)精品(pin)。

作者簡介

鮮于樞（1254-1322），字(zi)伯(bo)機(ji)，號困(kun)學山民(min)，寄直老人，大都（今(jin)北京(jing)）人，一說(shuo)漁(yu)陽（今(jin)北京(jing)薊縣）人，先后(hou)寓(yu)居揚州(zhou)、杭州(zhou)，曾任浙東都省史掾。1302年(nian)（大德六年(nian)）任太常典薄。早歲學書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，未能(neng)如古人，偶于野中(zhong)(zhong)見二(er)(er)人挽車淖泥中(zhong)(zhong)，頓有所悟。他與趙孟頫齊名，同被譽為(wei)元(yuan)代書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)壇“巨擘(bo)”，并稱(cheng)“二(er)(er)妙”，但其影響略遜于趙孟頫。鮮于樞兼長(chang)楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、行、草(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，尤以草(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)最(zui)。其書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)多用中(zhong)(zhong)鋒回(hui)腕(wan)，筆墨淋(lin)淳酣暢，氣(qi)勢雄偉跌宕，酒酣作字(zi)奇態橫(heng)生。他的功力(li)很扎實，懸(xuan)腕(wan)作字(zi)，筆力(li)遒健，同時代的袁褒說(shuo)：“困(kun)學老人善回(hui)腕(wan)，故其書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)圓勁，或者(zhe)議其多用唐(tang)法，然(ran)與伯(bo)機(ji)相識凡十五，六年(nian)間，見其書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日異，勝人間俗書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)。”（《書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林藻鑒(jian)》）