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基本信息

【材質】：紙本

【收藏(zang)機構】：首都(dou)博物館收藏(zang)

書卷介紹

《進(jin)學解》原文是(shi)唐(tang)代韓愈(yu)的著名文章(zhang)。此(ci)卷(juan)是(shi)鮮(xian)于樞用行書、草書所寫(xie)，其全文，共(gong)一○八行，每行二-十字不(bu)等。

該(gai)卷(juan)尾題“右韓文(wen)公進(jin)學解”、未署書者名款(kuan)。據卷(juan)后(hou)元人之跋，和書法風格相較，當為鮮于氏所書。此卷(juan)上下兩端有(you)火燒痕跡，下端間或有(you)殘缺。卷(juan)內鈴有(you)“晉府(fu)圖(tu)書”“晉國(guo)奎章”“清和堂章”“鄭(zheng)親王印(yin)”等鑒(jian)藏用印(yin)。今(jin)節選其一截五行(xing)。文(wen)日：“余哉弟(di)子事(shi)(shi)先生于此有(you)年矣先生口(kou)不絕吟于六(liu)藝之文(wen)手(shou)不停披萬園編記(ji)事(shi)(shi)者心題其”大部草書。

作品釋文

國子先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)晨入太學(xue)，召諸(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)館下(xia)，誨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：“業(ye)精于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)勤，荒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嬉。行(xing)(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)思，毀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)隨。方(fang)今圣(sheng)賢相(xiang)(xiang)逢，治(zhi)具畢張。拔去兇邪，登(deng)崇(chong)俊良(liang)。占小善者(zhe)(zhe)率(lv)以錄，名(ming)一藝者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)庸。爬羅剔抉，刮(gua)垢磨光。蓋有(you)幸而(er)(er)(er)(er)獲選(xuan)，孰(shu)云多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)揚(yang)?諸(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)業(ye)患(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能精，無(wu)(wu)(wu)患(huan)有(you)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明；行(xing)(xing)患(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能成(cheng)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)患(huan)有(you)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)。”言未既(ji)，有(you)笑于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)：“先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)欺余(yu)哉!弟(di)子事先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)茲有(you)年(nian)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)絕吟于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)六(liu)藝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，手不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停(ting)披于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)百家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編。記事者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)提其要，纂言者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)鉤其玄。貪多(duo)(duo)務(wu)得(de)，細大(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)捐。焚(fen)膏油以繼(ji)晷，恒(heng)兀(wu)兀(wu)以窮年(nian)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)，可(ke)謂勤矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。抵排異(yi)端，攘斥(chi)佛老；補苴罅漏，張皇幽眇(miao)。尋墜緒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫，獨旁搜而(er)(er)(er)(er)遠紹；障(zhang)百川而(er)(er)(er)(er)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，回狂瀾于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)既(ji)倒。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)儒(ru)，可(ke)謂有(you)勞矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。沈浸濃郁(yu)，含英咀華；作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)文章，其書(shu)滿(man)家。上窺(kui)姚姒，渾(hun)渾(hun)無(wu)(wu)(wu)涯；周(zhou)《誥》殷《盤》，佶屈聱牙。《春秋》謹嚴，《左(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)》浮夸(kua)；《易》奇(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)法(fa)，《詩》正而(er)(er)(er)(er)葩。下(xia)逮《莊》《騷》，太史所錄；子云、相(xiang)(xiang)如(ru)，同工異(yi)曲。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文，可(ke)謂閎其中而(er)(er)(er)(er)肆(si)其外矣(yi)(yi)(yi)!少始知(zhi)學(xue)，勇于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)敢為(wei)(wei)。長通于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)，左(zuo)右俱宜(yi)：先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)人，可(ke)謂成(cheng)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見信于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人，私不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)友。跋前致（躓）后，動輒得(de)咎。暫為(wei)(wei)御史，遂竄南(nan)夷。三(san)年(nian)博士(shi)，冗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見治(zhi)。命與仇謀，取敗幾時！冬暖而(er)(er)(er)(er)兒號寒，年(nian)豐而(er)(er)(er)(er)妻啼饑(ji)。頭(tou)童齒豁，竟死(si)(si)何裨？不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)慮(lv)此，（而(er)(er)(er)(er)）反教人為(wei)(wei)！”先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“吁！子來前。夫大(da)木(mu)為(wei)(wei)杗(mang)，細木(mu)為(wei)(wei)桷(jue)。欂櫨(lu)侏儒(ru)，椳闑扂楔，各得(de)其宜(yi)，施以成(cheng)室者(zhe)(zhe)，匠(jiang)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工也(ye)。玉(yu)札、丹砂(sha)，赤箭、青芝，牛溲，馬(ma)勃，敗鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮，俱收并蓄(xu)，待用無(wu)(wu)(wu)遺者(zhe)(zhe)，醫（師(shi)）之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)也(ye)。登(deng)明選(xuan)公(gong)，雜進巧拙，紆余(yu)為(wei)(wei)妍，卓(zhuo)犖為(wei)(wei)杰(jie)，校短量長，惟器是適者(zhe)(zhe)，宰相(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)也(ye)。昔者(zhe)(zhe)孟軻(ke)好辯，孔道以明。轍(che)環(huan)天下(xia)，卒老于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)。荀卿守正，大(da)論以興。逃讒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)，廢死(si)(si)蘭陵(ling)。是二儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)，吐辭為(wei)(wei)經，舉足為(wei)(wei)法(fa)。絕類離倫(lun)，優入圣(sheng)域(yu)，其遇于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)世何如(ru)也(ye)？今先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)雖勤而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)繇(zhou)其統(tong)，言雖多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要其中。文雖奇(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)濟于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)用，行(xing)(xing)雖修而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顯于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)眾(zhong)。猶(you)且月費俸(feng)錢，歲(sui)糜廩粟。子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)耕，婦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)織(zhi)。乘馬(ma)從(cong)徒，安坐而(er)(er)(er)(er)食。踵常途(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi)役(yi)，窺(kui)陳編以盜竊。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)主(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加誅(zhu)，宰臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見斥(chi)，茲非(fei)（其）幸歟(yu)？動而(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)謗，名(ming)亦隨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。投閑置散(san)，乃分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)。若(ruo)夫商(shang)財賄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)，計班資之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崇(chong)庳(bi)。忘己量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所稱，指前人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑕疵(ci)。是所謂詰匠(jiang)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以杙為(wei)(wei)楹，而(er)(er)(er)(er)訾醫師(shi)以昌(chang)陽引(yin)年(nian)，欲進其豨苓。”右韓文公(gong)《進學(xue)解》。

書法賞析

鮮于樞書寫的《韓愈進學解卷(juan)》，該(gai)作品前半部以行書為(wei)主，后半部以草書為(wei)主，瀟灑(sa)自然(ran)，一氣呵成，剛柔頓挫(cuo)，節奏分明。如水墨畫高低遠(yuan)近，起伏(fu)多變。用筆(bi)(bi)主鋒(feng)圓畫，飄逸(yi)之(zhi)甚。每(mei)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)起筆(bi)(bi)似(si)都上承前字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而來，絕無突入之(zhi)感；每(mei)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)收筆(bi)(bi)又(you)都似(si)下(xia)連(lian)(lian)后字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)起筆(bi)(bi)，雖不見得有(you)牽(qian)絲可循，然(ran)其筆(bi)(bi)意(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)態，清晰(xi)可見。雖以斷字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)主，但亦有(you)三字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)者(zhe)兩處，二字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)者(zhe)三處，其余皆(jie)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不作牽(qian)絲縈繞，整篇(pian)看來，竟似(si)都不連(lian)(lian)屬，方顯出點(dian)點(dian)灑(sa)灑(sa)，如銀漢之(zhi)群星(xing)，漫(man)灑(sa)天河而又(you)互相(xiang)顧盼，彼此都各自為(wei)是，又(you)有(you)統一之(zhi)意(yi)念。

《韓愈進學(xue)解(jie)卷》是鮮于樞(shu)作品中的一件精品。

作者簡介

鮮(xian)(xian)于樞（1254-1322），字伯機，號困學山民，寄直老(lao)人(ren)(ren)，大(da)都(dou)(dou)（今北京）人(ren)(ren)，一說漁(yu)陽（今北京薊(ji)縣(xian)）人(ren)(ren)，先后寓居揚(yang)州、杭州，曾任浙東都(dou)(dou)省史掾。1302年(nian)（大(da)德六年(nian)）任太常典薄。早歲學書(shu)(shu)，未能如古人(ren)(ren)，偶于野中(zhong)(zhong)見二人(ren)(ren)挽(wan)車淖泥中(zhong)(zhong)，頓有所悟(wu)。他與(yu)趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)齊名，同被譽(yu)為元代書(shu)(shu)壇“巨擘”，并(bing)稱“二妙”，但(dan)其影響略遜于趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)。鮮(xian)(xian)于樞兼(jian)長楷書(shu)(shu)、行、草書(shu)(shu)，尤以草書(shu)(shu)為最。其書(shu)(shu)多用中(zhong)(zhong)鋒回(hui)(hui)腕，筆墨淋淳(chun)酣(han)暢，氣勢雄偉(wei)跌宕，酒酣(han)作字奇態橫生。他的功力(li)很扎實(shi)，懸腕作字，筆力(li)遒(qiu)健，同時代的袁褒說：“困學老(lao)人(ren)(ren)善回(hui)(hui)腕，故其書(shu)(shu)圓勁，或者議其多用唐法(fa)，然與(yu)伯機相(xiang)識凡十五，六年(nian)間，見其書(shu)(shu)日異(yi)，勝(sheng)人(ren)(ren)間俗書(shu)(shu)也。”（《書(shu)(shu)林(lin)藻(zao)鑒》）