品質特點
鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)具(ju)有"莖桿粗壯、枝葉(xie)繁(fan)茂、葉(xie)色豆綠、葉(xie)片(pian)肥厚(hou)、香味濃郁(yu)、營養價(jia)值高"的(de)典(dian)型(xing)特(te)(te)征,是(shi)當地歷史(shi)悠久的(de)名(ming)優(you)特(te)(te)色農產品(pin)(pin)。 鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)以其優(you)良(liang)的(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)而著名(ming),不(bu)僅營養價(jia)值高,還具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)藥用保健(jian)效果(guo)(guo),在當地老(lao)百姓素有"消炎止痛一飲停"的(de)美譽(yu),被(bei)譽(yu)為"仙草(cao)",是(shi)市場上的(de)搶手(shou)貨(huo)。據農業部果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)及苗木質(zhi)量(liang)監督檢驗測試中心(xin)(鄭(zheng)州)對鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)的(de)檢測結果(guo)(guo)顯示:鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)含(han)維生素 C 53-55mg/100g、鉀 3.4-3.7g/kg 、鐵 21-23mg/kg、粗纖維0.7-0.9%。
營養成分
據(ju)農業部(bu)果品及苗木質量監(jian)督檢驗測試中(zhong)心(鄭(zheng)州(zhou))對鳳泉薄荷(he)(he)的檢測結果顯示(shi):鳳泉薄荷(he)(he)含(han)維生(sheng)素 C 53-55mg/100g、鉀 3.4-3.7g/kg、鐵21-23mg/kg、粗(cu)纖(xian)維0.7-0.9%。
藥用保健價值
薄(bo)荷清(qing)氣芳香,是(shi)中(zhong)華常(chang)用中(zhong)藥之一。明朝李時珍(zhen)在《本草綱(gang)目(mu)》認為:"薄(bo)荷味辛、性涼,無(wu)毒(du)。" 薄(bo)荷辛涼,發(fa)汗解熱,以葉(xie)煮茶,可(ke)(ke)治感冒、頭疼、目(mu)赤、身熱、咽(yan)炎、牙床腫痛等癥(zheng)。用葉(xie)揉(rou)碎敷于患處,可(ke)(ke)治神經(jing)痛、皮膚搔癢、皮疹和濕疹等。長(chang)期做菜生吃或熟食,能(neng)祛邪毒(du),除勞氣,解困乏,使人口氣香潔。還(huan)可(ke)(ke)治痰多及各種(zhong)傷風(feng)。此(ci)外(wai),煎湯(tang)洗可(ke)(ke)治膝(xi)瘡(chuang),榨汁(zhi)(zhi)服可(ke)(ke)去(qu)風(feng)熱及口齒(chi)諸病,搗成汁(zhi)(zhi)含服去(qu)舌苔(tai)苦澀;用葉(xie)塞(sai)鼻,止(zhi)出(chu)血;還(huan)可(ke)(ke)治蜂(feng)蟄蛇傷。 另外(wai),薄(bo)荷還(huan)具(ju)有消炎止(zhi)痛作用。從2003 年醫(yi)學(xue)界提出(chu)采用"饑(ji)(ji)餓療(liao)法(fa)"醫(yi)治癌癥(zheng)以來,科學(xue)家(jia)對大(da)量藥物進行了研究,發(fa)現薄(bo)荷葉(xie)能(neng)夠阻(zu)止(zhi)癌癥(zheng)病變處的(de)血管生長(chang),使癌腫得不到(dao)血液(ye)供應,最終(zhong)"饑(ji)(ji)餓"而死。
地理標志
地域范圍
鳳泉薄(bo)荷地域保護(hu)范圍包括鳳泉區潞王(wang)墳鄉、耿黃鄉2 個鄉,涉及(ji)前郭柳(liu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、后郭柳(liu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、王(wang)門(men)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)同(tong)(tong)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東同(tong)(tong)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、老道井(jing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、墳上村(cun)(cun)(cun)、金(jin)燈寺(si)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、五(wu)陵(ling)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、李士屯村(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊九屯村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東張(zhang)門(men)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)張(zhang)門(men)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)張(zhang)門(men)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東魯(lu)堡(bao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)魯(lu)堡(bao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)魯(lu)堡(bao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)共17 個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun),保護(hu)范圍地理坐標為(wei):北緯35°21ˊ00〞至35 °26ˊ00〞,東經 113°51ˊ00〞至113°57ˊ00〞,東北與衛(wei)輝市(shi)搭界(jie),南(nan)同(tong)(tong)牧(mu)野區接壤,西(xi)(xi)連(lian)新鄉縣(xian),西(xi)(xi)北與輝縣(xian)市(shi)毗(pi)鄰,沿京廣(guang)鐵路兩側(ce),東西(xi)(xi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)長(chang) 11km,南(nan)北總(zong)(zong)(zong)長(chang)10km,適宜(yi)種(zhong)植總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積2023 公頃,年總(zong)(zong)(zong)產量(liang)達1.5 萬噸。
產地環境
鳳泉區位于河南省新(xin)鄉(xiang)市(shi)城(cheng)區北(bei)部(bu)(bu),歷史悠久,鐘靈毓秀。鳳泉區位于太行(xing)山(shan)與(yu)華北(bei)平(ping)原的(de)接合(he)部(bu)(bu),是(shi)太行(xing)低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵區向平(ping)原過渡地帶,地勢北(bei)高(gao) 南低,由西(xi)北(bei)至東南傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie),海拔高(gao)度在68.9m~292.7m之間,具(ju)有低山(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、平(ping)原地貌,北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵,中部(bu)(bu)為沖洪(hong)(hong)(hong)積(ji)(ji)形成的(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)積(ji)(ji)坡傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)平(ping)原,南部(bu)(bu)是(shi)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)區匯集洼地,汛(xun)期為滯洪(hong)(hong)(hong)區,地勢低且平(ping)坦,略(lve)向東南傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)。鳳泉區屬于典型性(xing)暖溫帶大陸性(xing)氣候(hou),農(nong)業(ye)生產條(tiao)件良好(hao),農(nong)產品資源豐富。
鳳泉薄(bo)荷的(de)(de)獨特品質(zhi)是由當地的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)、水質(zhi)、土(tu)壤自然條(tiao)件(jian)所決定(ding)的(de)(de),它的(de)(de)主產地是潞王墳鄉、耿(geng)黃鄉2 個鄉17 個行政村,屬于太行山與華北平(ping)原的(de)(de)接(jie)合部,是連接(jie)山區和(he)平(ping)原的(de)(de)過(guo)渡地帶。區域內(nei)為(wei)(wei)沖洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)形(xing)成的(de)(de)洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)坡傾斜平(ping)原,土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)和(he)黃土(tu),有機質(zhi)含量高,土(tu)層厚(hou),質(zhi)地偏粘(zhan),肥力較(jiao)強,通透(tou)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)。氣(qi)候(hou)為(wei)(wei)典(dian)型的(de)(de)暖(nuan)溫帶大陸性(xing)半干旱(han)季風型氣(qi)候(hou),熱量充(chong)裕,雨(yu)(yu)水充(chong)沛,水質(zhi)良好(hao)(hao)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照2382 小時,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫14℃,無霜期211.7 天,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量617.8mm。目前區域內(nei)無污(wu)染源,病蟲害(hai)少,非(fei)常適合薄(bo)荷生長。正是這些得(de)天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件(jian)造(zao)就了鳳泉薄(bo)荷的(de)(de)優良品質(zhi)。
土壤地貌
鳳泉(quan)區(qu)位(wei)于太行山(shan)與華北(bei)平(ping)原的(de)(de)接合部,是(shi)(shi)太行低山(shan)丘陵區(qu)向(xiang)平(ping)原過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)(di)勢北(bei)高(gao)(gao)南低,由西北(bei)至東(dong)南傾斜(xie),海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度在(zai) 68.9m~292.7m 之間,最高(gao)(gao)為(wei)鳳凰山(shan)主峰(feng),海拔(ba) 292.7m,最低楊九屯村(cun)東(dong)南,海拔(ba)68.9m。具有低山(shan)、丘陵、平(ping)原地(di)(di)(di)貌,北(bei)部為(wei)低山(shan)丘陵,中部為(wei)沖洪(hong)積形成的(de)(de)洪(hong)積坡(po)傾斜(xie)平(ping)原,南部是(shi)(shi)泄洪(hong)區(qu)匯集(ji)洼地(di)(di)(di),汛期為(wei)滯洪(hong)區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)勢低且平(ping)坦(tan),略向(xiang)東(dong)南傾斜(xie)。全(quan)區(qu)耕地(di)(di)(di)面積為(wei) 11.1 萬畝,農業生(sheng)產條件優越(yue),適(shi)宜農林牧(mu)漁各業發展(zhan),是(shi)(shi)新鄉市重要的(de)(de)糧(liang)食、蔬菜(cai)、畜(chu)牧(mu)基地(di)(di)(di)。區(qu)域內土(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)為(wei)潮土(tu)(tu)和褐(he)(he)土(tu)(tu),衛河兩岸(an)屬(shu)潮土(tu)(tu)類,北(bei)部丘陵屬(shu)褐(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)類,泄洪(hong)區(qu)屬(shu)潮土(tu)(tu)向(xiang)褐(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)過渡的(de)(de)濕潮土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)質多為(wei)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)、山(shan)區(qu)立黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)和耕種土(tu)(tu)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚,質地(di)(di)(di)偏粘,PH 值(zhi)在(zai) 7 左右,呈(cheng)中性(xing)(xing),有機質含(han)量高(gao)(gao),通透性(xing)(xing)好。區(qu) 域內無污染源,病蟲害少,非常適(shi)宜薄荷生(sheng)長。
水文情況
鳳泉區(qu)屬海(hai)河流域,水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)來自(zi)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)、衛河、共(gong)(gong)產(chan)主義渠、地(di)(di)表徑流等。過境(jing)的(de)河流主要為衛河和(he)共(gong)(gong)產(chan)主義渠,全長1.5 公(gong)(gong)里。鳳泉區(qu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),據《新鄉市水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)分布圖(tu)》及有(you)關資料顯示(shi),鳳泉區(qu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)有(you)四個(ge)含水(shui)(shui)層、三大富(fu)水(shui)(shui)區(qu),年(nian)可采(cai)儲量為8624t,地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)礦化(hua)度小于0.7g /L,是理想的(de)生產(chan)、生活水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。二十世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)六(liu)十年(nian)代,鳳泉區(qu)人民(min)發揚"愚公(gong)(gong)移山"精神(shen)建(jian)設了聞(wen)名中外(wai)的(de)大型水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞紐(niu)工程(cheng)--愚公(gong)(gong)泉和(he)玫瑰泉,為工農業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)作出了積(ji)極的(de)貢(gong)獻。舉世(shi)(shi)矚目的(de)南水(shui)(shui)北(bei)調(diao)工程(cheng)過境(jing) 7.5 公(gong)(gong)里,并已(yi)經開工建(jian)設,將徹底改(gai)變鳳泉區(qu)的(de)水(shui)(shui)文狀(zhuang)況。薄荷產(chan)區(qu)無污(wu)染企業(ye)(ye),農田經多次黃淮(huai)海(hai)(項目)開發,現已(yi)達到田成(cheng)方、路(lu)成(cheng)網、溝(gou)相通(tong)、渠相連、旱能(neng)澆、澇能(neng)排。
氣候情況
鳳泉區(qu)屬(shu)典型(xing)的暖溫帶大陸性半干旱季(ji)風型(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)分明,春季(ji)干旱多風干燥,夏(xia)季(ji)炎(yan)熱(re)多雨,秋季(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽(shuang),冬季(ji)寒(han)冷少雪(xue)。多年(nian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象資料表明,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫14.0℃,最(zui)冷一月,平(ping)(ping)均溫度-0.5℃;最(zui)熱(re)七月,平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫27.0℃,年(nian)均降水量617.8mm,多集(ji)中在 7 月~9 月,主導風向為東北風,年(nian)無霜期 211.7d,日(ri)照(zhao) 2382h,適于多種農作(zuo)物生長。
歷史淵源
鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)栽培歷史悠久,相傳南(nan)宋時(shi)(shi)期(qi),岳(yue)家軍抗(kang)金(jin)北(bei)上,兵(bing)至新(xin)鄉(xiang),時(shi)(shi)值酷暑(shu),烈日難當(dang),眾(zhong)官兵(bing)口(kou)干舌燥,萎靡(mi)不(bu)振。岳(yue)飛大急,如(ru)此(ci)(ci)疲軍,何(he)以抗(kang)金(jin)!正焦慮時(shi)(shi),一老叟率眾(zhong)百(bai)姓擔茶慰軍。此(ci)(ci)茶望之(zhi)醒目,聞(wen)之(zhi)清神(shen),飲之(zhi)沁(qin)人(ren)心脾,毒暑(shu)全消。岳(yue)飛大喜,問老者:此(ci)(ci)茶何(he)名?老者答:取城北(bei)鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)之(zhi)水(shui),焙泉(quan)邊薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)為(wei)茶,此(ci)(ci)茶名為(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)綠。岳(yue)飛大笑:有此(ci)(ci)神(shen)物助我,何(he)愁(chou)金(jin)兵(bing)不(bu)滅?隨即揮軍北(bei)上,盡破金(jin)兵(bing)。鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)綠由此(ci)(ci)名聲(sheng)大振,成(cheng)為(wei)茗中極(ji)品。明正德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1506 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儲珊、儒(ru)學訓導李錦編纂(zuan)《正德新(xin)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)屬新(xin)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)轄(xia)),為(wei)新(xin)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)現存的第一部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),該(gai)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第十(shi)(shi)八頁記載(zai)"藥類:薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)、瓜(gua)(gua)蔞、茯芩(qin)、栗谷、枸杞(qi)子、透骨草、半夏(xia)、車前子……"。據清乾隆十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1747 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)趙(zhao)開元修、暢俊纂(zuan)《新(xin)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)屬新(xin)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)轄(xia))第十(shi)(shi)八卷第659 頁記載(zai):"為(wei)香(xiang)附、為(wei)兔(tu)絲(si)、為(wei)蛤粉、為(wei)艾、為(wei)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)、為(wei)瓜(gua)(gua)蔞……"。河南(nan)人(ren)民出(chu)版社(she)1994 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10 月出(chu)版的新(xin)鄉(xiang)市(shi)《北(bei)站區(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(1982 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4 月~2004 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1 月鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)的原(yuan)名)第128 頁記載(zai):"3.花卉植物 草本:芍藥、雞(ji)冠(guan)花…… 文竹、荷(he)花、薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)等百(bai)余種(zhong)。"以上史實充分(fen)說明了鳳(feng)(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)荷(he)可謂歷史悠久,源遠流長。
由(you)于薄荷具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)營養價(jia)值(zhi)和(he)藥用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi),鳳泉(quan)區(qu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)薄荷從古至今(jin)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)未斷,并保(bao)持(chi)著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)。特別是近年來(lai),鳳泉(quan)薄荷得到進一(yi)(yi)步保(bao)護(hu)和(he)開發(fa),加工工藝和(he)水平不斷提升,翟記(ji)薄荷茶制作工藝被確立為"新鄉市非(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產",以(yi)及隨著(zhu)人民(min)(min)生活水平的(de)提高(gao),薄荷的(de)保(bao)健功能被人們越來(lai)越重(zhong)視,需求量越來(lai)越大,農(nong)民(min)(min)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)薄荷的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益也(ye)越來(lai)越顯著(zhu),積(ji)極性越來(lai)越高(gao)。因此,薄荷作為高(gao)效特色(se)經(jing)濟(ji)作物,具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)價(jia)值(zhi)。目前,鳳泉(quan)區(qu)薄荷種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域主要集中(zhong)在潞王墳(fen)鄉、耿(geng)黃鄉2個(ge)鄉,并由(you)新鄉市鳳泉(quan)區(qu)翟記(ji)薄荷茶農(nong)民(min)(min)專業(ye)合作社牽頭(tou),集薄荷生產、加工、銷售、研發(fa)、文化于一(yi)(yi)體,對鳳泉(quan)薄荷實施了(le)標準化種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),產業(ye)化加工,品(pin)牌化經(jing)營,質量可靠,特色(se)鮮明,產品(pin)暢銷北(bei)京、上海、山東、海南、湖北(bei)、新疆等20 個(ge)省市,成為了(le)當地農(nong)民(min)(min)增收致富的(de)"仙草"。
鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)荷作(zuo)為鳳(feng)泉(quan)區特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),具有(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好、知名度高(gao)、種植面(mian)積(ji)大(da)、基礎好等優點。為發展壯大(da)鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)荷這一歷史特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),新鄉(xiang)市(shi)鳳(feng)泉(quan)區翟記薄(bo)荷茶農(nong)民(min)專業合(he)作(zuo)社以"樹(shu)立(li)鳳(feng)泉(quan)特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)牌、實(shi)施(shi)地(di)理標志保護、打(da)造綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)精品(pin)(pin)、提高(gao)農(nong)業效益"為己任,帶動發展了(le)3000 余(yu)畝(mu)薄(bo)荷生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di),形成了(le)"合(he)作(zuo)社+基地(di)+農(nong)戶"的(de)經營模式(shi)(shi)。合(he)作(zuo)社實(shi)行統(tong)(tong)一供應優質(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種、統(tong)(tong)一生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)規程(cheng)、統(tong)(tong)一技術(shu)指(zhi)導、統(tong)(tong)一回收(shou)加工、統(tong)(tong)一包裝品(pin)(pin)牌("鳳(feng)泉(quan)綠(lv)" 牌)的(de)"五統(tong)(tong)一"管理模式(shi)(shi),通過(guo)源頭控(kong)制,確保產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。