品質特點
鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷具(ju)有"莖桿粗壯(zhuang)、枝葉(xie)繁(fan)茂、葉(xie)色豆綠、葉(xie)片肥厚、香味濃(nong)郁、營養(yang)價(jia)值高"的(de)典型特征(zheng),是當(dang)地(di)歷史悠久的(de)名優特色農產品(pin)(pin)。 鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷以其(qi)優良的(de)品(pin)(pin)質而著(zhu)名,不(bu)僅(jin)營養(yang)價(jia)值高,還具(ju)有良好的(de)藥用(yong)保健效果(guo),在(zai)當(dang)地(di)老百姓素有"消(xiao)炎止痛一(yi)飲停"的(de)美譽,被譽為(wei)"仙草(cao)",是市場(chang)上的(de)搶手貨(huo)。據農業部果(guo)品(pin)(pin)及苗木(mu)質量監督檢(jian)驗(yan)測試中心(鄭州)對鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷的(de)檢(jian)測結果(guo)顯示:鳳(feng)泉(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷含維生素 C 53-55mg/100g、鉀 3.4-3.7g/kg 、鐵 21-23mg/kg、粗纖維0.7-0.9%。
營養成分
據農業部果(guo)品(pin)及(ji)苗木質量監(jian)督(du)檢驗測(ce)試中心(鄭州(zhou))對鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄荷的檢測(ce)結果(guo)顯示:鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄荷含維(wei)生素 C 53-55mg/100g、鉀 3.4-3.7g/kg、鐵21-23mg/kg、粗纖(xian)維(wei)0.7-0.9%。
藥用保健價值
薄(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)清氣(qi)芳香(xiang),是(shi)中華常用(yong)(yong)中藥之一。明朝李時(shi)珍在《本(ben)草(cao)綱目》認為:"薄(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)味辛、性涼,無(wu)毒(du)。" 薄(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)辛涼,發汗(han)解熱(re),以葉煮茶,可(ke)治(zhi)感冒、頭疼、目赤(chi)、身熱(re)、咽炎(yan)、牙(ya)床腫痛等癥。用(yong)(yong)葉揉碎敷于患處(chu),可(ke)治(zhi)神經痛、皮膚搔癢(yang)、皮疹和濕疹等。長(chang)期做菜生吃(chi)或熟食,能(neng)祛邪毒(du),除勞氣(qi),解困乏,使人(ren)口氣(qi)香(xiang)潔。還可(ke)治(zhi)痰多及(ji)各(ge)種傷風。此外,煎湯洗(xi)可(ke)治(zhi)膝瘡,榨汁(zhi)服可(ke)去風熱(re)及(ji)口齒諸病,搗成汁(zhi)含服去舌苔苦(ku)澀;用(yong)(yong)葉塞鼻,止(zhi)(zhi)出血;還可(ke)治(zhi)蜂蟄蛇(she)傷。 另外,薄(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)還具有消炎(yan)止(zhi)(zhi)痛作用(yong)(yong)。從(cong)2003 年醫學界提出采用(yong)(yong)"饑(ji)餓療(liao)法"醫治(zhi)癌癥以來,科學家對大量藥物(wu)進(jin)行了研究,發現薄(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)葉能(neng)夠(gou)阻止(zhi)(zhi)癌癥病變(bian)處(chu)的血管生長(chang),使癌腫得不到血液供應,最終"饑(ji)餓"而(er)死。
地理標志
地域范圍
鳳泉薄荷地域保(bao)護范圍(wei)包括鳳泉區潞王(wang)(wang)墳鄉、耿黃(huang)鄉2 個(ge)鄉,涉及前郭(guo)柳(liu)(liu)村(cun)(cun)、后郭(guo)柳(liu)(liu)村(cun)(cun)、王(wang)(wang)門村(cun)(cun)、西(xi)同(tong)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)同(tong)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)、老(lao)道井(jing)村(cun)(cun)、墳上村(cun)(cun)、金燈寺村(cun)(cun)、五陵(ling)村(cun)(cun)、李士屯村(cun)(cun)、楊九屯村(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)張門村(cun)(cun)、西(xi)張門村(cun)(cun)、南(nan)張門村(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)魯(lu)(lu)堡村(cun)(cun)、西(xi)魯(lu)(lu)堡村(cun)(cun)、南(nan)魯(lu)(lu)堡村(cun)(cun)共17 個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun),保(bao)護范圍(wei)地理坐標為:北(bei)緯35°21ˊ00〞至35 °26ˊ00〞,東(dong)(dong)經 113°51ˊ00〞至113°57ˊ00〞,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)與衛輝(hui)市搭界(jie),南(nan)同(tong)牧(mu)野區接壤,西(xi)連新鄉縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)北(bei)與輝(hui)縣(xian)(xian)市毗鄰(lin),沿(yan)京廣鐵路兩側(ce),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)總長(chang) 11km,南(nan)北(bei)總長(chang)10km,適宜種植總面積2023 公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)總產量達(da)1.5 萬(wan)噸。
產地環境
鳳泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)河南(nan)省(sheng)新鄉市城區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部,歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),鐘靈毓(yu)秀。鳳泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)太行(xing)山與(yu)華北(bei)(bei)平(ping)原(yuan)的接合部,是(shi)太行(xing)低(di)(di)山丘陵區(qu)(qu)向平(ping)原(yuan)過渡(du)地(di)帶,地(di)勢北(bei)(bei)高 南(nan)低(di)(di),由西北(bei)(bei)至東(dong)南(nan)傾(qing)斜(xie),海拔(ba)高度(du)在(zai)68.9m~292.7m之(zhi)間,具有(you)低(di)(di)山、丘陵、平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)貌,北(bei)(bei)部為(wei)低(di)(di)山丘陵,中(zhong)部為(wei)沖洪(hong)(hong)(hong)積形成(cheng)的洪(hong)(hong)(hong)積坡傾(qing)斜(xie)平(ping)原(yuan),南(nan)部是(shi)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)區(qu)(qu)匯集洼地(di),汛期(qi)為(wei)滯洪(hong)(hong)(hong)區(qu)(qu),地(di)勢低(di)(di)且(qie)平(ping)坦(tan),略(lve)向東(dong)南(nan)傾(qing)斜(xie)。鳳泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)屬于(yu)典型性(xing)(xing)暖溫帶大陸性(xing)(xing)氣候,農(nong)業生產(chan)條件良好,農(nong)產(chan)品資源(yuan)豐富。
鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)(bo)荷的(de)(de)(de)獨特品(pin)質是(shi)由當地的(de)(de)(de)氣候、水(shui)質、土(tu)(tu)壤自然條(tiao)件(jian)所決定的(de)(de)(de),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)主產地是(shi)潞王(wang)墳鄉(xiang)、耿黃鄉(xiang)2 個鄉(xiang)17 個行政(zheng)村,屬(shu)于太行山與華(hua)北平原的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)合部(bu),是(shi)連(lian)接(jie)山區和平原的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡地帶。區域內(nei)為(wei)沖洪積形成的(de)(de)(de)洪積坡傾斜平原,土(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)和黃土(tu)(tu),有機質含量高,土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚,質地偏粘,肥力較強,通(tong)透性(xing)好。氣候為(wei)典型的(de)(de)(de)暖溫帶大(da)陸性(xing)半干旱季風型氣候,熱量充裕(yu),雨(yu)水(shui)充沛(pei),水(shui)質良好。年(nian)平均日照2382 小時(shi),平均氣溫14℃,無霜期(qi)211.7 天(tian),年(nian)平均降雨(yu)量617.8mm。目前區域內(nei)無污染源,病蟲害少,非常適合薄(bo)(bo)荷生長。正(zheng)是(shi)這些得(de)天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件(jian)造(zao)就了鳳(feng)泉(quan)薄(bo)(bo)荷的(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)質。
土壤地貌
鳳泉區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)(shan)與華北平(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)接合(he)部(bu)(bu),是(shi)太(tai)行低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)向(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)原(yuan)過(guo)(guo)渡地(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)勢北高(gao)南(nan)低(di),由西北至(zhi)東南(nan)傾(qing)(qing)斜,海(hai)拔高(gao)度在 68.9m~292.7m 之間,最高(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰(feng),海(hai)拔 292.7m,最低(di)楊九屯(tun)村(cun)東南(nan),海(hai)拔68.9m。具有低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘陵、平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)(di)貌,北部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵,中部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)沖(chong)洪積形成(cheng)的(de)(de)洪積坡(po)傾(qing)(qing)斜平(ping)原(yuan),南(nan)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)泄洪區(qu)(qu)(qu)匯集洼地(di)(di),汛期為(wei)(wei)(wei)滯洪區(qu)(qu)(qu),地(di)(di)勢低(di)且平(ping)坦(tan),略向(xiang)(xiang)東南(nan)傾(qing)(qing)斜。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)(wei) 11.1 萬畝,農業生產(chan)條件優越,適宜農林牧漁各業發(fa)展,是(shi)新(xin)鄉市重要的(de)(de)糧(liang)食、蔬菜、畜(chu)牧基地(di)(di)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型為(wei)(wei)(wei)潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)和褐土(tu)(tu),衛河兩(liang)岸(an)屬(shu)潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)類(lei),北部(bu)(bu)丘陵屬(shu)褐土(tu)(tu)類(lei),泄洪區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)向(xiang)(xiang)褐土(tu)(tu)過(guo)(guo)渡的(de)(de)濕潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃土(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)立黃土(tu)(tu)和耕種土(tu)(tu)性土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層厚,質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)偏粘,PH 值在 7 左右,呈(cheng)中性,有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量高(gao),通透性好。區(qu)(qu)(qu) 域(yu)內無(wu)污染(ran)源,病蟲害(hai)少(shao),非常(chang)適宜薄荷生長。
水文情況
鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬海河流(liu)(liu)域,水源來自地(di)(di)下水、衛河、共(gong)產(chan)(chan)主義渠(qu)、地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)等。過(guo)境的(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)主要(yao)為(wei)衛河和(he)共(gong)產(chan)(chan)主義渠(qu),全長1.5 公(gong)里。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)下水資源豐富,據《新鄉(xiang)市水資源分(fen)布圖》及有(you)關資料顯示,鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)下水資源有(you)四個含水層、三大(da)富水區(qu)(qu)(qu),年可采儲量為(wei)8624t,地(di)(di)下水礦化度小于(yu)0.7g /L,是理想的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)活水源。二十世紀六十年代,鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)民發揚"愚(yu)公(gong)移山"精神(shen)建(jian)設了聞(wen)名中外的(de)(de)大(da)型水利樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)--愚(yu)公(gong)泉(quan)和(he)玫瑰(gui)泉(quan),為(wei)工(gong)農業發展作出了積極的(de)(de)貢獻。舉世矚目的(de)(de)南水北調工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)境 7.5 公(gong)里,并已經開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)設,將徹底改(gai)變鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)水文(wen)狀況。薄荷產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)無污染企(qi)業,農田經多(duo)次黃淮海(項目)開(kai)發,現已達到田成方、路成網、溝相通、渠(qu)相連、旱(han)能澆、澇能排。
氣候情況
鳳泉區屬典型的暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶大陸性半干旱季(ji)(ji)風型氣(qi)(qi)候,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明,春季(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)風干燥(zao),夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨(yu),秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)天高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽(shuang),冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷(leng)少(shao)雪(xue)。多(duo)年氣(qi)(qi)象資料(liao)表明,年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃,最冷(leng)一月,平均溫(wen)度-0.5℃;最熱七月,平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.0℃,年均降水量617.8mm,多(duo)集中(zhong)在 7 月~9 月,主導風向為東北風,年無霜期(qi) 211.7d,日照(zhao) 2382h,適于多(duo)種農(nong)作(zuo)物生長。
歷史淵源
鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)薄荷(he)栽培歷史(shi)悠(you)久,相傳南(nan)宋時(shi)期,岳(yue)(yue)家軍(jun)抗金北(bei)上,兵至新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),時(shi)值酷暑(shu),烈日難當,眾官兵口干舌燥,萎靡不振。岳(yue)(yue)飛大(da)(da)急,如此(ci)疲(pi)軍(jun),何(he)(he)以(yi)抗金!正(zheng)焦慮(lv)時(shi),一老(lao)叟率眾百姓擔(dan)茶慰軍(jun)。此(ci)茶望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)醒(xing)目,聞之(zhi)(zhi)清神,飲之(zhi)(zhi)沁人(ren)心脾,毒(du)暑(shu)全消。岳(yue)(yue)飛大(da)(da)喜,問(wen)老(lao)者(zhe):此(ci)茶何(he)(he)名(ming)?老(lao)者(zhe)答(da):取城北(bei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)水,焙泉(quan)邊(bian)薄荷(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)茶,此(ci)茶名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)綠(lv)。岳(yue)(yue)飛大(da)(da)笑(xiao):有此(ci)神物(wu)助我,何(he)(he)愁金兵不滅?隨即揮軍(jun)北(bei)上,盡破金兵。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)綠(lv)由此(ci)名(ming)聲大(da)(da)振,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)茗中極品。明正(zheng)德元(yuan)年(nian)(1506 年(nian))知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)儲珊、儒學訓導李錦編纂(zuan)《正(zheng)德新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)志》(鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)當時(shi)屬(shu)(shu)新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)管(guan)(guan)轄(xia)),為(wei)(wei)(wei)新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)現(xian)存的第(di)(di)一部縣(xian)志,該志第(di)(di)十(shi)八頁記(ji)載"藥(yao)類(lei):薄荷(he)、瓜蔞(lou)、茯芩、栗谷、枸杞子、透骨(gu)草(cao)、半(ban)夏、車前子……"。據清乾隆十(shi)二年(nian)(1747 年(nian))知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)趙開元(yuan)修、暢俊纂(zuan)《新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)志》(鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)當時(shi)屬(shu)(shu)新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)管(guan)(guan)轄(xia))第(di)(di)十(shi)八卷第(di)(di)659 頁記(ji)載:"為(wei)(wei)(wei)香附、為(wei)(wei)(wei)兔絲、為(wei)(wei)(wei)蛤粉、為(wei)(wei)(wei)艾(ai)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)薄荷(he)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)瓜蔞(lou)……"。河(he)南(nan)人(ren)民出(chu)版社(she)1994 年(nian)10 月出(chu)版的新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市《北(bei)站區(qu)志》(1982 年(nian)4 月~2004 年(nian)1 月鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)區(qu)的原名(ming))第(di)(di)128 頁記(ji)載:"3.花(hua)卉(hui)植物(wu) 草(cao)本:芍(shao)藥(yao)、雞冠花(hua)…… 文竹(zhu)、荷(he)花(hua)、薄荷(he)等百余種。"以(yi)上史(shi)實(shi)充分說明了鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)泉(quan)薄荷(he)可謂歷史(shi)悠(you)久,源遠流長。
由于薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)營(ying)養價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和(he)藥(yao)用價(jia)(jia)值(zhi),鳳(feng)泉區(qu)種植(zhi)(zhi)薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)從古(gu)至今(jin)一直(zhi)未斷(duan)(duan),并(bing)(bing)保(bao)持著(zhu)一定的(de)(de)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積。特別(bie)是(shi)近年來,鳳(feng)泉薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)得到(dao)進(jin)一步(bu)保(bao)護和(he)開發,加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)水(shui)平不斷(duan)(duan)提升,翟(zhai)記(ji)薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)制作工(gong)藝(yi)被確立(li)為(wei)(wei)"新鄉(xiang)市(shi)非物質文化遺(yi)產",以(yi)及隨(sui)著(zhu)人民生活水(shui)平的(de)(de)提高(gao),薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)保(bao)健(jian)功能被人們越(yue)來越(yue)重視,需(xu)求量越(yue)來越(yue)大,農民種植(zhi)(zhi)薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益(yi)也越(yue)來越(yue)顯著(zhu),積極性(xing)越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)。因此,薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)作為(wei)(wei)高(gao)效特色經(jing)濟作物,具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)栽(zai)培價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)。目前,鳳(feng)泉區(qu)薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)種植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域主要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)潞王墳鄉(xiang)、耿黃鄉(xiang)2個鄉(xiang),并(bing)(bing)由新鄉(xiang)市(shi)鳳(feng)泉區(qu)翟(zhai)記(ji)薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)農民專業合作社(she)牽(qian)頭(tou),集薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)生產、加工(gong)、銷售、研發、文化于一體,對(dui)鳳(feng)泉薄(bo)(bo)荷(he)(he)(he)實施了標準化種植(zhi)(zhi),產業化加工(gong),品牌化經(jing)營(ying),質量可靠(kao),特色鮮明,產品暢(chang)銷北(bei)京(jing)、上海、山(shan)東、海南、湖北(bei)、新疆等(deng)20 個省市(shi),成為(wei)(wei)了當地農民增收致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)(de)"仙草"。
鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)作為(wei)鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)特產(chan)(chan),具有(you)品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)、知名(ming)度高、種(zhong)植面積大、基礎好(hao)等優(you)點。為(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)壯大鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)薄(bo)荷(he)這一歷(li)史特產(chan)(chan),新(xin)鄉市鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)翟記薄(bo)荷(he)茶農(nong)民專業(ye)合(he)作社(she)(she)以"樹立鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)特產(chan)(chan)品(pin)牌、實施地(di)(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)保護、打造綠(lv)色食品(pin)精品(pin)、提(ti)高農(nong)業(ye)效益"為(wei)己任(ren),帶動(dong)發展(zhan)(zhan)了3000 余畝(mu)薄(bo)荷(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di),形(xing)成了"合(he)作社(she)(she)+基地(di)(di)+農(nong)戶"的經營模式(shi)。合(he)作社(she)(she)實行統(tong)(tong)(tong)一供(gong)應優(you)質(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規程、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指導、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一回收加工、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一包裝品(pin)牌("鳳泉(quan)(quan)(quan)綠(lv)" 牌)的"五統(tong)(tong)(tong)一"管理模式(shi),通過源頭(tou)控(kong)制(zhi),確保產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)。