一.產品介紹
安縣(xian)魔芋種植(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久,有(you)(you)歷(li)史(shi)文獻記載(zai)始(shi)見于明末清初(chu)(chu)(縣(xian)志(zhi)記載(zai)):“安縣(xian)魔芋,種屬花魔芋,性寒、味(wei)辛、塊莖入藥,有(you)(you)解毒、消腫、化(hua)痰(tan)、散結、行淤(yu)等(deng)功(gong)效。常用(yong)作(zuo)治療(liao)咳嗽、疝氣、乳痛、瘰疬、燒傷等(deng)。久煎內服兼(jian)有(you)(you)健胃、消化(hua)之作(zuo)用(yong)”。成(cheng)規模種植(zhi)與加工始(shi)于80年(nian)代初(chu)(chu) 。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:安縣(xian)呈山(shan)、丘、壩三種(zhong)地貌。縣(xian)境內(nei)中(zhong)低山(shan)、沿山(shan)和(he)丘陵的幅員面積占全縣(xian)總面積的70%,產區處(chu)于落葉樹秋區和(he)稀林(lin)復耕(geng)(geng)土(tu)壤(rang),以(yi)暗棕壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)、綜壤(rang)為主。產區海(hai)拔800~1200m,土(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.5—7.5,酸(suan)堿適中(zhong),水分含量(liang)60%-72%,土(tu)壤(rang)質地疏松,通透性(xing)好,耕(geng)(geng)作層深厚,平均深度0.55米(mi),經過(guo)常年落葉并腐爛,增(zeng)施堆肥,養分含量(liang)高(gao),有機(ji)質含量(liang)達到1.82%,適宜魔芋生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:安(an)縣境內有安(an)昌、雎水(shui)(shui)、白溪、秀水(shui)(shui)等4條河(he)流(liu),匯(hui)集溪流(liu)116條,年平均(jun)地表徑流(liu)總量(liang)13.47億立方米,地下徑流(liu)3.19億立方米,年人(ren)均(jun)有水(shui)(shui)3280立方米,為(wei)四川省(sheng)富水(shui)(shui)地區之一。
(3)氣候情(qing)況:安縣屬(shu)中亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣候區,光、熱、水(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),全年氣候溫和(he),雨量充(chong)沛,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,四(si)季(ji)分明,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)長(chang)。年平均(jun)溫度16.3℃,≥10℃活(huo)動積溫5354.4℃,年平均(jun)日照(zhao)時數1058.7h,年平均(jun)降水(shui)量為 1261mm,且雨熱同季(ji),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)273.3天(tian),是魔(mo)芋(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)的理想環境。安縣魔(mo)芋(yu)產區是魔(mo)芋(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)的最適宜區,與其他產區相比有明顯優勢。
(4)人文(wen)歷(li)史情況:安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)來(lai)盛(sheng)產魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具有(you)得(de)天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域優勢(shi),是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)知名的(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產區、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加工(gong)及精粉(fen)集散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),也是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)八大(da)(da)“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)一(yi),被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)農產品加工(gong)業(ye)示范基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精粉(fen)加工(gong)和(he)(he)銷量(liang)占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)銷售(shou)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)25%,產品銷往日(ri)本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)及歐(ou)美各國(guo)(guo)。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這個名字(zi)傳(chuan)說來(lai)自安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。古傳(chuan)麻(ma)婆娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)路經安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)千佛山的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)虎埡,只見(jian)漫山遍野躺著不少口(kou)吐白沫、渾身抽搐(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百姓(xing),于是(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)爺叫來(lai),詢(xun)問后(hou)才(cai)知這里百姓(xing)多(duo)(duo)年饑(ji)(ji)荒(huang),饑(ji)(ji)不擇食(shi)(shi)吃下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)撒下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)口(kou)舌(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色果毒(du)性(xing)發作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),這些黑色果貌似芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭,因此被稱(cheng)做魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或鬼(gui)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需添加灶(zao)灰炮制(zhi)熟(shu)透(tou)后(hou)才(cai)能(neng)食(shi)(shi)用(yong),麻(ma)婆娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)即抓來(lai)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui),在老(lao)虎埡上壘起七星灶(zao),把(ba)(ba)(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)燒(shao)成(cheng)灶(zao)灰用(yong)以(yi)烹(peng)煮(zhu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮(zhu)制(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不僅(jin)無毒(du)且口(kou)感極佳,解了(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)百姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)饑(ji)(ji)荒(huang),百姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念麻(ma)婆娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)功績(ji),尊稱(cheng)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)伙夫(fu)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang),并在當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)修建了(le)(le)一(yi)座“伙夫(fu)寺(si)”(安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內尚保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)),迎(ying)接伙夫(fu)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)回大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)省(sheng)親,后(hou)世有(you)詩為(wei)(wei)(wei)證:“伙夫(fu)一(yi)手好(hao)茶(cha)飯,驅魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濟世天(tian)下(xia)(xia)安(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這個名稱(cheng)由(you)此延續至今。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具有(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)健功效(xiao)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在漢魏之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)“翡(fei)”,雅稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“芳翡(fei)”,具有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)病(bing)保(bao)(bao)健功用(yong),據《本(ben)草綱(gang)目(mu)》記載2000 多(duo)(duo)年前我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先就已經用(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來(lai)治病(bing)了(le)(le)。安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸、礦物質、微量(liang)元(yuan)素和(he)(he)纖(xian)維等(deng)(deng),每日(ri)用(yong)精粉(fen)兌蜂蜜加水直接飲(yin)用(yong),對防(fang)治結腸癌(ai)、乳(ru)腺(xian)癌(ai)有(you)特(te)效(xiao);其(qi)低熱、低脂、低糖的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)還可以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)預防(fang)和(he)(he)治療(liao)肥胖癥(zheng)、高(gao)(gao)血壓、糖尿病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)健食(shi)(shi)品。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)吃法是(shi)做成(cheng)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐,清代(dai)才(cai)子李調元(yuan)和(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家沙汀都曾以(yi)此作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)品酒佳肴而文(wen)如涌泉。由(you)于魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀粉(fen)膨脹(zhang)力強,一(yi)公(gong)斤鮮(xian)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可做五公(gong)斤豆(dou)腐,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐灰白光(guang)鮮(xian),手感細膩(ni),富(fu)有(you)彈性(xing),塊片丁絲均(jun)可,烹(peng)炒燉(dun)拌都行,是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)川(chuan)(chuan)菜原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)。四川(chuan)(chuan)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人馬(ma)杰就以(yi)家鄉安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao),編著了(le)(le)《中國(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜譜(pu)》一(yi)書,書中共介紹了(le)(le)香(xiang)菇燒(shao)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻(ma)辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒(shao)鴨 、鐵板(ban)豆(dou)腐等(deng)(deng)100多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)菜譜(pu),促進了(le)(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消費的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化(hua),目(mu)前中外(wai)都盛(sheng)行食(shi)(shi)用(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)品。 “5.12”大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震時(shi)(shi),安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茶(cha)坪(ping)、高(gao)(gao)川(chuan)(chuan)兩鄉與外(wai)界隔(ge)絕,食(shi)(shi)物無法運進,災民(min)就地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)取材(cai),以(yi)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮(zhu)熟(shu)充饑(ji)(ji)得(de)以(yi)幸(xing)存。溫家寶總理來(lai)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調查了(le)(le)解地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震災情時(shi)(shi),親切接見(jian)了(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)戶(hu),并鼓(gu)勵他們發展好(hao)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產業(ye),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府為(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)好(hao)這一(yi)特(te)色地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)產業(ye),積(ji)極推動災區重(zhong)建,將魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優勢(shi)農業(ye)產業(ye)化(hua)重(zhong)點(dian)重(zhong)建項目(mu),積(ji)極組建專業(ye)協(xie)會、規(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產秩序、擴大(da)(da)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)加工(gong)能(neng)力,把(ba)(ba)(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產與加工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農戶(hu)致富(fu)增收和(he)(he)新農村建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐項目(mu)。
三.地域范圍
安縣地(di)處四川盆(pen)地(di)西(xi)北(bei)邊(bian)緣,龍門山脈中段,與(yu)成都平原接(jie)壤(rang),地(di)理坐標為(wei)東經104°11′—104°38′,北(bei)緯31°37′—31°47′。北(bei)與(yu)北(bei)川縣接(jie)壤(rang),西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)茂縣接(jie)壤(rang),東與(yu)江(jiang)油市(shi)相(xiang)鄰,南(nan)連羅江(jiang)縣,西(xi)接(jie)綿(mian)竹市(shi),東南(nan)與(yu)涪城區(qu)相(xiang)鄰。安縣魔芋保(bao)(bao)護范圍為(wei)安縣轄(xia)區(qu)的(de)茶(cha)坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、高川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、桑棗鎮(zhen)、曉(xiao)壩鎮(zhen)、雎水(shui)鎮(zhen)、沸水(shui)鎮(zhen)、秀(xiu)水(shui)鎮(zhen)、黃土鎮(zhen)、樂興鎮(zhen)共9個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)90個(ge)村,保(bao)(bao)護面積3850公頃,年(nian)均產(chan)量53900噸。
四.產品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外在感官特征: 安(an)縣(xian)魔芋鮮芋表皮(pi)上半部(bu)呈暗褐色(se),下半部(bu)呈淺棕色(se)或肉(rou)(rou)色(se),平滑飽滿,皮(pi)薄(bo)肉(rou)(rou)厚,質嫩呈乳(ru)白色(se),切開后有(you)粘液。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:安縣魔(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)生長環(huan)境處于(yu)最適生長區,優(you)勢十分明(ming)顯(xian)。因此(ci),魔(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的干物(wu)質與葡(pu)(pu)甘(gan)聚糖等重要指標明(ming)顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)培區,其(qi)中(zhong), 安縣魔(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)干物(wu)質含(han)量(總量1-水分含(han)量而得)≥15.0%,明(ming)顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)培區的12.6~14.5%;安縣魔(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)葡(pu)(pu)甘(gan)聚糖在干物(wu)質中(zhong)的比例(鮮(xian)樣中(zhong)葡(pu)(pu)甘(gan)聚糖含(han)量÷干物(wu)質含(han)量)≥55.0%,明(ming)顯(xian)優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽(zai)培區的52.5~55.0%。
(3)安(an)全要求(qiu):保(bao)護環境使基(ji)地(di)符合農業(ye)(ye)部生產(chan)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)魔芋生產(chan)條件,環境質量(liang)達到NY5010—2002《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)蔬菜產(chan)地(di)環境條件》標準,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)參照NY5221—2005《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)薯(shu)芋類蔬菜》標準執(zhi)行(xing)。建立(li)環境保(bao)護制度,嚴(yan)格控制在基(ji)地(di)周邊3公(gong)里內建有(you)污染的(de)工(gong)礦企業(ye)(ye),防止工(gong)業(ye)(ye)“三廢(fei)”污染基(ji)地(di);設立(li)環境保(bao)護標志(zhi)(zhi)牌(pai),標志(zhi)(zhi)范圍內的(de)畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖場糞水要經過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)化處理,施(shi)用的(de)農家肥經過(guo)發酵腐爛,確(que)保(bao)無(wu)害(hai);農藥、肥料(liao)使用執(zhi)行(xing)有(you)關準則或規范。