一.產品介紹
安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋種植歷(li)史(shi)悠久,有(you)歷(li)史(shi)文獻(xian)記(ji)載始見于明末清初(縣(xian)志記(ji)載):“安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋,種屬花(hua)魔(mo)芋,性寒、味辛、塊莖入(ru)藥(yao),有(you)解毒(du)、消腫、化痰、散結、行(xing)淤(yu)等功(gong)效。常用(yong)作(zuo)治療咳嗽、疝(shan)氣、乳痛、瘰疬、燒傷等。久煎(jian)內(nei)服(fu)兼有(you)健(jian)胃(wei)、消化之作(zuo)用(yong)”。成規模種植與(yu)加工(gong)始于80年代(dai)初 。
二.自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)土壤地(di)貌情況:安(an)縣呈(cheng)山(shan)、丘、壩三種地(di)貌。縣境內(nei)中低山(shan)、沿山(shan)和丘陵(ling)的幅員面(mian)積占全縣總面(mian)積的70%,產區處于(yu)落葉(xie)樹秋區和稀林復耕土壤,以暗棕壤、褐(he)土、綜(zong)壤為(wei)主(zhu)。產區海拔800~1200m,土壤pH值(zhi)6.5—7.5,酸堿適中,水分含量(liang)60%-72%,土壤質(zhi)地(di)疏松(song),通透性好,耕作層深厚,平均深度0.55米,經過(guo)常年落葉(xie)并腐(fu)爛,增(zeng)施堆肥,養分含量(liang)高,有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)達(da)到1.82%,適宜魔(mo)芋生(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)文情況(kuang):安縣境內有安昌、雎水(shui)、白溪、秀(xiu)水(shui)等4條河流,匯集溪流116條,年平均地(di)表徑(jing)流總量13.47億(yi)立(li)方米(mi),地(di)下徑(jing)流3.19億(yi)立(li)方米(mi),年人均有水(shui)3280立(li)方米(mi),為四川省富水(shui)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。
(3)氣候情況:安縣(xian)(xian)屬中亞熱帶濕(shi)潤(run)季(ji)(ji)風氣候區(qu),光(guang)、熱、水資源豐富,全年(nian)氣候溫(wen)和,雨(yu)量充沛,日照(zhao)充足,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),無(wu)霜期長(chang)。年(nian)平均溫(wen)度16.3℃,≥10℃活(huo)動積(ji)溫(wen)5354.4℃,年(nian)平均日照(zhao)時(shi)數1058.7h,年(nian)平均降水量為 1261mm,且雨(yu)熱同(tong)季(ji)(ji),無(wu)霜期273.3天,是魔芋生(sheng)長(chang)的理(li)想環(huan)境。安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋產(chan)區(qu)是魔芋生(sheng)長(chang)的最適宜區(qu),與(yu)其他產(chan)區(qu)相比(bi)有(you)明(ming)顯優勢(shi)。
(4)人文歷史情況:安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷來(lai)盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具有(you)得天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域優勢(shi),是全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)知(zhi)名(ming)的(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)區、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加(jia)(jia)工(gong)及精粉集散地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),也是全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)八大“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)(zhong)點縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”之一(yi)(yi)(yi),被列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精粉加(jia)(jia)工(gong)和(he)(he)(he)銷(xiao)量(liang)(liang)占全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)銷(xiao)售量(liang)(liang)的(de)25%,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)往日本、韓國(guo)及歐美各國(guo)。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)名(ming)字傳說來(lai)自安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。古傳麻婆(po)(po)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)路經安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)千佛山(shan)的(de)老(lao)虎埡(wu),只見漫山(shan)遍野躺著(zhu)不少口(kou)吐白沫、渾身抽搐(chu)的(de)百姓(xing),于是把(ba)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)爺(ye)叫來(lai),詢問后(hou)(hou)才(cai)知(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)里百姓(xing)多年饑(ji)荒(huang),饑(ji)不擇食(shi)吃下(xia)了(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)撒(sa)下(xia)的(de)麻口(kou)舌的(de)黑(hei)色果(guo)毒性(xing)(xing)發作,這(zhe)(zhe)些黑(hei)色果(guo)貌似芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭,因此(ci)被稱做魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)鬼(gui)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需添加(jia)(jia)灶(zao)灰炮制熟透后(hou)(hou)才(cai)能(neng)食(shi)用(yong)(yong),麻婆(po)(po)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)即抓(zhua)來(lai)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui),在老(lao)虎埡(wu)上壘起(qi)七星灶(zao),把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)燒成(cheng)灶(zao)灰用(yong)(yong)以(yi)烹煮(zhu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮(zhu)制后(hou)(hou)的(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不僅無毒且口(kou)感極(ji)佳(jia),解(jie)了(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)百姓(xing)的(de)饑(ji)荒(huang),百姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)紀念麻婆(po)(po)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)功績,尊稱其為(wei)(wei)伙夫(fu)(fu)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang),并在當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)修建(jian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座“伙夫(fu)(fu)寺”(安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內尚保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)),迎接(jie)伙夫(fu)(fu)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)回(hui)大地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)省(sheng)親(qin),后(hou)(hou)世(shi)有(you)詩(shi)為(wei)(wei)證:“伙夫(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)手好(hao)茶飯,驅魔(mo)(mo)(mo)濟世(shi)天(tian)下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)名(ming)稱由此(ci)延續(xu)至(zhi)今。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具有(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)功效。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在漢魏之時稱“翡”,雅稱為(wei)(wei)“芳翡”,具有(you)多種(zhong)防(fang)病保(bao)(bao)健(jian)功用(yong)(yong),據(ju)《本草綱目(mu)》記載2000 多年前我們的(de)祖先就(jiu)已(yi)經用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來(lai)治病了(le)。安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含(han)有(you)多種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸、礦物質、微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素和(he)(he)(he)纖維等(deng),每日用(yong)(yong)精粉兌蜂蜜加(jia)(jia)水直接(jie)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong),對防(fang)治結(jie)腸癌、乳(ru)腺癌有(you)特(te)效;其低(di)熱(re)、低(di)脂(zhi)、低(di)糖(tang)的(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)還可以(yi)作為(wei)(wei)預(yu)防(fang)和(he)(he)(he)治療肥胖(pang)癥、高(gao)(gao)血壓、糖(tang)尿病的(de)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食(shi)品(pin)。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳統的(de)吃法是做成(cheng)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐,清代才(cai)子李調元(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)當(dang)代作家沙汀都曾以(yi)此(ci)作為(wei)(wei)品(pin)酒(jiu)佳(jia)肴而文如涌泉。由于魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀粉膨(peng)脹力強(qiang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)公斤鮮芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可做五公斤豆(dou)腐,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐灰白光鮮,手感細膩,富(fu)有(you)彈性(xing)(xing),塊(kuai)片丁絲均可,烹炒燉拌都行,是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)道的(de)川(chuan)(chuan)菜(cai)(cai)原料(liao)。四川(chuan)(chuan)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人馬杰就(jiu)以(yi)家鄉(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao),編著(zhu)了(le)《中國(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜(cai)(cai)譜》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu),書(shu)中共介紹了(le)香菇燒魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒鴨 、鐵板(ban)豆(dou)腐等(deng)100多種(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)菜(cai)(cai)譜,促進了(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消費的(de)多元(yuan)化,目(mu)前中外都盛行食(shi)用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)。 “5.12”大地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)時,安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茶坪(ping)、高(gao)(gao)川(chuan)(chuan)兩鄉(xiang)與外界(jie)隔絕,食(shi)物無法運進,災(zai)民(min)就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)取材,以(yi)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮(zhu)熟充(chong)饑(ji)得以(yi)幸存。溫家寶總理來(lai)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調查(cha)了(le)解(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)災(zai)情時,親(qin)切接(jie)見了(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植大戶,并鼓勵他們發展好(hao)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府(fu)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)護好(hao)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)色地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),積極(ji)推動(dong)災(zai)區重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),將魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優勢(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化重(zhong)(zhong)點重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)項(xiang)目(mu),積極(ji)組(zu)建(jian)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會、規(gui)范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)秩序、擴大基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積、提高(gao)(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)能(neng)力,把(ba)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)與加(jia)(jia)工(gong)作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)戶致(zhi)富(fu)增(zeng)收和(he)(he)(he)新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)支撐項(xiang)目(mu)。
三.地域范圍
安縣(xian)地處(chu)四川盆(pen)地西北邊(bian)緣,龍(long)門山脈中段,與成都平原接壤,地理坐標為東經(jing)104°11′—104°38′,北緯31°37′—31°47′。北與北川縣(xian)接壤,西北與茂縣(xian)接壤,東與江(jiang)油市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰,南(nan)連羅江(jiang)縣(xian),西接綿竹市(shi)(shi),東南(nan)與涪城區相(xiang)(xiang)鄰。安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋保護(hu)(hu)范圍為安縣(xian)轄區的(de)茶坪鄉、高(gao)川鄉、桑棗鎮、曉(xiao)壩鎮、雎水(shui)(shui)鎮、沸水(shui)(shui)鎮、秀(xiu)水(shui)(shui)鎮、黃土鎮、樂興鎮共9個(ge)鄉鎮90個(ge)村(cun),保護(hu)(hu)面(mian)積3850公頃,年(nian)均(jun)產量53900噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感(gan)官特征: 安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋鮮芋表(biao)皮上(shang)半(ban)部呈(cheng)(cheng)暗(an)褐色(se),下半(ban)部呈(cheng)(cheng)淺棕色(se)或肉(rou)色(se),平滑飽滿(man),皮薄肉(rou)厚,質(zhi)嫩(nen)呈(cheng)(cheng)乳(ru)白色(se),切開后有(you)粘液。
(2)內在(zai)(zai)品質指(zhi)(zhi)標:安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋生長(chang)環境(jing)處于(yu)最適生長(chang)區,優(you)(you)勢(shi)十分明顯(xian)。因此,魔(mo)芋中的(de)干(gan)物(wu)(wu)質與葡(pu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)聚糖等重要指(zhi)(zhi)標明顯(xian)優(you)(you)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他栽(zai)培區,其(qi)(qi)中, 安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋干(gan)物(wu)(wu)質含量(liang)(總量(liang)1-水(shui)分含量(liang)而(er)得)≥15.0%,明顯(xian)優(you)(you)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他栽(zai)培區的(de)12.6~14.5%;安縣(xian)魔(mo)芋葡(pu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)聚糖在(zai)(zai)干(gan)物(wu)(wu)質中的(de)比例(鮮樣中葡(pu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)聚糖含量(liang)÷干(gan)物(wu)(wu)質含量(liang))≥55.0%,明顯(xian)優(you)(you)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他栽(zai)培區的(de)52.5~55.0%。
(3)安全要求(qiu):保護(hu)環(huan)境(jing)使基地符合農業部生產無(wu)(wu)公害魔芋生產條(tiao)件,環(huan)境(jing)質量達到NY5010—2002《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)蔬菜產地環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件》標(biao)準(zhun),產品(pin)質量參照NY5221—2005《無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)薯芋類(lei)蔬菜》標(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)。建(jian)立環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)制度(du),嚴格控制在基地周邊3公里內建(jian)有污染的(de)工礦(kuang)企業,防止(zhi)工業“三(san)廢”污染基地;設立環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)標(biao)志牌,標(biao)志范(fan)圍內的(de)畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖(zhi)場糞水(shui)要經過(guo)無(wu)(wu)公害化處理,施用(yong)的(de)農家肥(fei)經過(guo)發酵(jiao)腐爛(lan),確保無(wu)(wu)害;農藥、肥(fei)料使用(yong)執(zhi)行(xing)有關準(zhun)則或規范(fan)。