一.產品介紹
安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋(yu)種植歷史悠(you)久,有(you)歷史文(wen)獻記載始(shi)見于明末清初(縣(xian)志記載):“安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋(yu),種屬花魔(mo)芋(yu),性(xing)寒(han)、味(wei)辛、塊(kuai)莖入藥,有(you)解毒、消腫(zhong)、化(hua)痰、散(san)結、行淤(yu)等(deng)功效。常用作(zuo)治療咳嗽、疝氣、乳痛、瘰(luo)疬、燒(shao)傷等(deng)。久煎內服兼有(you)健胃、消化(hua)之作(zuo)用”。成規模種植與加(jia)工始(shi)于80年代初 。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):安縣呈(cheng)山、丘(qiu)、壩三種地(di)貌(mao)。縣境內中(zhong)(zhong)低山、沿山和(he)丘(qiu)陵的幅(fu)員面積占(zhan)全縣總面積的70%,產區處于落葉樹秋區和(he)稀林(lin)復(fu)耕(geng)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang),以暗棕壤(rang)、褐土(tu)(tu)、綜壤(rang)為(wei)主。產區海拔800~1200m,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.5—7.5,酸(suan)堿適中(zhong)(zhong),水分(fen)含(han)量60%-72%,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)疏松,通透性好,耕(geng)作層深(shen)厚,平均深(shen)度0.55米(mi),經(jing)過常年(nian)落葉并腐爛,增施堆肥,養分(fen)含(han)量高,有機(ji)質含(han)量達(da)到1.82%,適宜(yi)魔(mo)芋生長。
(2)水文(wen)情況:安縣(xian)境內有(you)安昌、雎水、白溪、秀水等4條河流,匯集溪流116條,年平(ping)均(jun)地(di)表徑流總量13.47億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)下徑流3.19億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年人均(jun)有(you)水3280立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),為四川省富(fu)水地(di)區之一。
(3)氣候情(qing)況:安(an)縣屬中亞(ya)熱(re)帶濕潤季風氣候區,光、熱(re)、水(shui)資(zi)源豐富,全年(nian)氣候溫和,雨量充沛,日照(zhao)充足(zu),四季分明,無霜期長(chang)(chang)。年(nian)平(ping)均溫度16.3℃,≥10℃活(huo)動積溫5354.4℃,年(nian)平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數1058.7h,年(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)量為(wei) 1261mm,且雨熱(re)同(tong)季,無霜期273.3天,是魔(mo)芋生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的理(li)想環境。安(an)縣魔(mo)芋產區是魔(mo)芋生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的最適宜區,與其他(ta)產區相比(bi)有明顯優(you)勢。
(4)人文(wen)歷史情況:安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)歷來盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具(ju)(ju)有(you)得(de)天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)優勢,是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)知(zhi)名的(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區、全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加(jia)工(gong)(gong)及精(jing)粉集散地(di)(di)(di),也是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)八大(da)“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點縣(xian)(xian)”之一,被列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)業示范基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精(jing)粉加(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)銷量(liang)占全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)銷售(shou)量(liang)的(de)25%,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷往日本(ben)、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)及歐(ou)美各國(guo)(guo)。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這(zhe)個(ge)名字(zi)傳說來自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)。古傳麻婆娘娘路經安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)千佛(fo)山(shan)的(de)老虎埡,只見漫山(shan)遍野(ye)躺著(zhu)不(bu)少口(kou)吐白(bai)沫、渾身抽搐的(de)百姓(xing),于(yu)(yu)是把當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)土地(di)(di)(di)爺叫來,詢問后(hou)(hou)才(cai)知(zhi)這(zhe)里百姓(xing)多(duo)(duo)年饑(ji)荒,饑(ji)不(bu)擇食(shi)吃(chi)下了(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)撒下的(de)麻口(kou)舌的(de)黑色果(guo)毒性(xing)發作(zuo),這(zhe)些(xie)黑色果(guo)貌似芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭,因此(ci)被稱做(zuo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)添(tian)加(jia)灶(zao)灰炮制(zhi)熟透后(hou)(hou)才(cai)能(neng)食(shi)用(yong)(yong),麻婆娘娘即抓來魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui),在(zai)老虎埡上壘起七星灶(zao),把魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)燒成灶(zao)灰用(yong)(yong)以(yi)烹(peng)煮(zhu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮(zhu)制(zhi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)僅無毒且(qie)口(kou)感極佳(jia),解了(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)百姓(xing)的(de)饑(ji)荒,百姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念麻婆娘娘功績,尊稱其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伙(huo)夫娘娘,并在(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)修建(jian)(jian)了(le)一座“伙(huo)夫寺”(安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)尚保(bao)存(cun)完好),迎接(jie)伙(huo)夫娘娘回(hui)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)省親,后(hou)(hou)世有(you)詩為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)證:“伙(huo)夫一手(shou)好茶飯,驅魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濟(ji)世天下安(an)(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)個(ge)名稱由此(ci)延續(xu)至今。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)保(bao)健功效。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)漢魏之時(shi)稱“翡(fei)”,雅稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“芳翡(fei)”,具(ju)(ju)有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)(fang)病(bing)保(bao)健功用(yong)(yong),據《本(ben)草(cao)綱(gang)目(mu)(mu)》記載(zai)2000 多(duo)(duo)年前我(wo)們(men)的(de)祖先就(jiu)(jiu)已經用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)了(le)。安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)酸、礦物質、微量(liang)元素和(he)纖維等(deng),每日用(yong)(yong)精(jing)粉兌蜂(feng)蜜加(jia)水直接(jie)飲用(yong)(yong),對防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)腸癌、乳(ru)腺(xian)癌有(you)特(te)(te)效;其(qi)低(di)熱、低(di)脂、低(di)糖(tang)的(de)特(te)(te)性(xing)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)預防(fang)(fang)和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療肥(fei)胖癥、高(gao)血壓、糖(tang)尿病(bing)的(de)保(bao)健食(shi)品(pin)。 安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳統的(de)吃(chi)法是做(zuo)成魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu),清代才(cai)子李(li)調(diao)元和(he)當(dang)(dang)(dang)代作(zuo)家沙汀都曾以(yi)此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)品(pin)酒佳(jia)肴而文(wen)如涌泉(quan)。由于(yu)(yu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀粉膨脹(zhang)力強,一公斤(jin)鮮芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)做(zuo)五公斤(jin)豆(dou)腐(fu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)灰白(bai)光鮮,手(shou)感細膩,富有(you)彈(dan)性(xing),塊片丁絲均可(ke),烹(peng)炒燉拌都行,是地(di)(di)(di)道的(de)川(chuan)菜(cai)原料(liao)。四川(chuan)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)人馬(ma)杰(jie)就(jiu)(jiu)以(yi)家鄉安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原料(liao),編著(zhu)了(le)《中國(guo)(guo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜(cai)譜(pu)》一書,書中共介紹了(le)香菇燒魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒鴨 、鐵(tie)板豆(dou)腐(fu)等(deng)100多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)菜(cai)譜(pu),促進了(le)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消費的(de)多(duo)(duo)元化,目(mu)(mu)前中外都盛行食(shi)用(yong)(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)。 “5.12”大(da)地(di)(di)(di)震時(shi),安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)茶坪、高(gao)川(chuan)兩鄉與外界(jie)隔絕,食(shi)物無法運進,災(zai)民就(jiu)(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)取(qu)材,以(yi)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮(zhu)熟充饑(ji)得(de)以(yi)幸存(cun)。溫家寶總理來安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)調(diao)查了(le)解地(di)(di)(di)震災(zai)情時(shi),親切接(jie)見了(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)戶(hu),并鼓勵他們(men)發展好魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)護好這(zhe)一特(te)(te)色地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,積極推動災(zai)區重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian),將(jiang)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)優勢農業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),積極組(zu)建(jian)(jian)專業協會(hui)、規范生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)秩序、擴大(da)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積、提高(gao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)力,把魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與加(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)農戶(hu)致富增收和(he)新農村建(jian)(jian)設的(de)支撐項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。
三.地域范圍
安(an)縣(xian)地處四川(chuan)盆地西北(bei)邊緣(yuan),龍門山脈中段,與成都平原接(jie)壤(rang)(rang),地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)東經(jing)104°11′—104°38′,北(bei)緯31°37′—31°47′。北(bei)與北(bei)川(chuan)縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)(rang),西北(bei)與茂(mao)縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)(rang),東與江油市相(xiang)鄰(lin),南連羅(luo)江縣(xian),西接(jie)綿竹市,東南與涪城(cheng)區(qu)相(xiang)鄰(lin)。安(an)縣(xian)魔芋保護(hu)范圍為(wei)(wei)安(an)縣(xian)轄區(qu)的茶坪鄉(xiang)、高川(chuan)鄉(xiang)、桑棗鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、曉壩(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雎(ju)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、沸水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、秀水鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃土鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、樂興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)共9個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)90個村,保護(hu)面積3850公頃,年(nian)均產量53900噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征(zheng): 安(an)縣魔(mo)芋鮮(xian)芋表皮(pi)上半部呈暗(an)褐色,下半部呈淺(qian)棕色或肉(rou)色,平滑飽(bao)滿(man),皮(pi)薄肉(rou)厚,質嫩呈乳白色,切(qie)開(kai)后有粘液。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋生(sheng)長環境處于(yu)最適(shi)生(sheng)長區,優(you)勢十(shi)分明(ming)顯。因此(ci),魔(mo)芋中的(de)(de)干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)葡(pu)(pu)甘聚(ju)糖等(deng)重要指標(biao)明(ming)顯優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽培(pei)(pei)區,其(qi)中, 安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(總量(liang)(liang)1-水(shui)分含(han)量(liang)(liang)而得(de))≥15.0%,明(ming)顯優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽培(pei)(pei)區的(de)(de)12.6~14.5%;安(an)縣(xian)魔(mo)芋葡(pu)(pu)甘聚(ju)糖在干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)(de)比例(鮮(xian)樣中葡(pu)(pu)甘聚(ju)糖含(han)量(liang)(liang)÷干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang))≥55.0%,明(ming)顯優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)栽培(pei)(pei)區的(de)(de)52.5~55.0%。
(3)安全要求:保護環境(jing)(jing)使基(ji)地符合農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部生(sheng)產無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害魔芋生(sheng)產條(tiao)件,環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)達(da)到NY5010—2002《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)蔬菜(cai)產地環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件》標準(zhun),產品(pin)質量(liang)參照NY5221—2005《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)薯(shu)芋類蔬菜(cai)》標準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)。建立(li)環境(jing)(jing)保護制(zhi)度,嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)在基(ji)地周邊(bian)3公(gong)(gong)(gong)里內(nei)建有污染的(de)(de)工礦企業(ye),防(fang)止(zhi)工業(ye)“三廢”污染基(ji)地;設立(li)環境(jing)(jing)保護標志牌,標志范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)(de)畜禽養(yang)殖場糞水(shui)要經過(guo)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害化處理(li),施用(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)經過(guo)發酵腐爛,確保無(wu)(wu)害;農(nong)(nong)藥、肥(fei)(fei)料使用(yong)執(zhi)行(xing)有關準(zhun)則(ze)或規(gui)范(fan)。