一.產品介紹
安縣魔芋(yu)(yu)種植歷史悠久,有(you)(you)歷史文獻記載始見于明末清初(縣志(zhi)記載):“安縣魔芋(yu)(yu),種屬花魔芋(yu)(yu),性(xing)寒、味(wei)辛、塊莖入藥,有(you)(you)解毒、消腫、化痰、散結、行(xing)淤等功效(xiao)。常用作治療(liao)咳嗽、疝氣(qi)、乳痛(tong)、瘰疬、燒傷等。久煎內服(fu)兼有(you)(you)健(jian)胃、消化之作用”。成規(gui)模種植與加工始于80年代(dai)初 。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況:安縣(xian)呈山、丘、壩三種(zhong)地貌(mao)。縣(xian)境內中低(di)山、沿山和(he)丘陵的幅員面(mian)積(ji)占全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的70%,產(chan)區(qu)(qu)處于落葉樹秋區(qu)(qu)和(he)稀(xi)林復耕土壤(rang)(rang),以暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、褐土、綜壤(rang)(rang)為主。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)海拔800~1200m,土壤(rang)(rang)pH值6.5—7.5,酸(suan)堿適中,水分含量(liang)60%-72%,土壤(rang)(rang)質地疏松,通透性好,耕作層深(shen)厚,平均深(shen)度(du)0.55米(mi),經過常年落葉并(bing)腐爛,增施堆肥,養分含量(liang)高,有(you)機質含量(liang)達到1.82%,適宜魔(mo)芋生長。
(2)水(shui)文情況:安縣境內有安昌、雎(ju)水(shui)、白溪、秀水(shui)等4條河流,匯集溪流116條,年(nian)平均(jun)地(di)表(biao)徑流總量13.47億立(li)方米,地(di)下(xia)徑流3.19億立(li)方米,年(nian)人均(jun)有水(shui)3280立(li)方米,為四川(chuan)省(sheng)富(fu)水(shui)地(di)區之一。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):安縣屬(shu)中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶(dai)濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu),光、熱(re)、水資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,全(quan)年氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量充沛,日照充足,四(si)季分明,無霜期長。年平(ping)均溫(wen)度16.3℃,≥10℃活(huo)動積溫(wen)5354.4℃,年平(ping)均日照時數1058.7h,年平(ping)均降水量為 1261mm,且雨(yu)熱(re)同季,無霜期273.3天,是魔芋生長的(de)(de)理想環境。安縣魔芋產區(qu)是魔芋生長的(de)(de)最適宜(yi)區(qu),與(yu)其他產區(qu)相比有明顯優勢。
(4)人文(wen)(wen)歷(li)史情況:安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)歷(li)來盛(sheng)產(chan)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),具(ju)有(you)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域(yu)優勢(shi),是全(quan)(quan)國知(zhi)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主產(chan)區、全(quan)(quan)國魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)初加(jia)工(gong)及(ji)精(jing)(jing)粉集(ji)散地(di)(di),也(ye)是全(quan)(quan)國八大(da)“魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)重(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)”之一(yi)(yi),被列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)業示范基(ji)地(di)(di)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)粉加(jia)工(gong)和(he)銷(xiao)量占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)國銷(xiao)售量的(de)(de)(de)(de)25%,產(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)往日本(ben)、韓國及(ji)歐(ou)美(mei)各國。 “魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”這(zhe)個名(ming)字傳(chuan)(chuan)說來自(zi)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)。古傳(chuan)(chuan)麻(ma)婆娘(niang)娘(niang)路經安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)千(qian)佛山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老虎埡(wu),只見漫山(shan)遍野(ye)躺著不(bu)(bu)少口吐白沫(mo)、渾(hun)身抽搐的(de)(de)(de)(de)百姓,于是把當(dang)地(di)(di)土地(di)(di)爺叫來,詢(xun)問(wen)后才知(zhi)這(zhe)里(li)百姓多年饑(ji)荒,饑(ji)不(bu)(bu)擇食(shi)吃(chi)下了魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)撒(sa)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)口舌的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色(se)果毒性發作,這(zhe)些(xie)黑色(se)果貌似芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭,因此(ci)被稱(cheng)(cheng)做(zuo)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)鬼(gui)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)需添加(jia)灶(zao)灰(hui)炮制熟透后才能(neng)食(shi)用(yong),麻(ma)婆娘(niang)娘(niang)即抓來魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui),在老虎埡(wu)上壘起七(qi)星(xing)灶(zao),把魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鬼(gui)燒成灶(zao)灰(hui)用(yong)以烹煮(zhu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),煮(zhu)制后的(de)(de)(de)(de)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)僅無毒且口感極(ji)佳(jia),解(jie)了當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)饑(ji)荒,百姓為(wei)(wei)紀念麻(ma)婆娘(niang)娘(niang)功(gong)(gong)績(ji),尊稱(cheng)(cheng)其為(wei)(wei)伙夫娘(niang)娘(niang),并在當(dang)地(di)(di)修(xiu)建(jian)了一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)“伙夫寺”(安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)尚保存完好),迎接(jie)伙夫娘(niang)娘(niang)回大(da)地(di)(di)省親,后世有(you)詩為(wei)(wei)證:“伙夫一(yi)(yi)手好茶飯(fan),驅(qu)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濟世天下安(an)(an)”,魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)個名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)由此(ci)延(yan)續(xu)至今。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)保健功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在漢魏之時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)“翡(fei)”,雅(ya)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“芳翡(fei)”,具(ju)有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)病保健功(gong)(gong)用(yong),據《本(ben)草綱目》記(ji)載2000 多年前我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先就(jiu)已經用(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來治病了。安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)含有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)酸、礦物質(zhi)、微量元(yuan)素和(he)纖(xian)維等,每日用(yong)精(jing)(jing)粉兌蜂(feng)蜜加(jia)水直接(jie)飲用(yong),對防(fang)治結腸癌、乳腺癌有(you)特效(xiao)(xiao);其低(di)熱、低(di)脂(zhi)、低(di)糖(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性還可以作為(wei)(wei)預防(fang)和(he)治療肥胖癥、高(gao)(gao)血壓、糖(tang)尿病的(de)(de)(de)(de)保健食(shi)品(pin)。 安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)法是做(zuo)成魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu),清代(dai)才子李調(diao)元(yuan)和(he)當(dang)代(dai)作家(jia)沙(sha)汀都(dou)(dou)曾以此(ci)作為(wei)(wei)品(pin)酒(jiu)佳(jia)肴而(er)文(wen)(wen)如涌泉(quan)。由于魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淀粉膨(peng)脹力強,一(yi)(yi)公斤鮮(xian)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可做(zuo)五公斤豆(dou)腐(fu),魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)灰(hui)白光鮮(xian),手感細膩,富有(you)彈性,塊片丁(ding)絲均可,烹炒燉拌都(dou)(dou)行,是地(di)(di)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)川菜原料(liao)。四川安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)人馬杰就(jiu)以家(jia)鄉安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao),編著了《中(zhong)國魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)菜譜》一(yi)(yi)書,書中(zhong)共介紹(shao)了香菇(gu)燒魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 、麻(ma)辣魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豆(dou)腐(fu)、魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燒鴨 、鐵板豆(dou)腐(fu)等100多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川菜譜,促(cu)進了魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)消費的(de)(de)(de)(de)多元(yuan)化,目前中(zhong)外(wai)都(dou)(dou)盛(sheng)行食(shi)用(yong)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)。 “5.12”大(da)地(di)(di)震時(shi),安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)茶坪、高(gao)(gao)川兩鄉與外(wai)界隔絕,食(shi)物無法運進,災民就(jiu)地(di)(di)取材(cai),以魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煮(zhu)熟充饑(ji)得以幸存。溫家(jia)寶總理來安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)調(diao)查了解(jie)地(di)(di)震災情時(shi),親切接(jie)見了當(dang)地(di)(di)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)戶,并鼓勵他們發展好魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)業,縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府為(wei)(wei)保護好這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)特色(se)地(di)(di)方產(chan)業,積(ji)極(ji)推動災區重(zhong)建(jian),將魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)優勢(shi)農(nong)業產(chan)業化重(zhong)點(dian)重(zhong)建(jian)項目,積(ji)極(ji)組建(jian)專(zhuan)業協會、規(gui)范生產(chan)秩序、擴大(da)基(ji)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)、提高(gao)(gao)生產(chan)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)能(neng)力,把魔(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生產(chan)與加(jia)工(gong)作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)地(di)(di)農(nong)戶致富增收和(he)新(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐項目。
三.地域范圍
安(an)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處四川(chuan)盆地(di)西(xi)北邊緣,龍門山脈中(zhong)段,與成都平原接(jie)(jie)壤,地(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)東經104°11′—104°38′,北緯31°37′—31°47′。北與北川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)壤,西(xi)北與茂縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)壤,東與江(jiang)油市相鄰,南連羅江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)接(jie)(jie)綿竹市,東南與涪(fu)城(cheng)區相鄰。安(an)縣(xian)(xian)魔芋保護范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)轄區的茶坪鄉、高(gao)川(chuan)鄉、桑棗鎮(zhen)、曉壩(ba)鎮(zhen)、雎(ju)水鎮(zhen)、沸水鎮(zhen)、秀(xiu)水鎮(zhen)、黃土鎮(zhen)、樂興鎮(zhen)共9個鄉鎮(zhen)90個村,保護面積3850公(gong)頃,年均(jun)產量(liang)53900噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
(1)外在感官特(te)征: 安縣魔芋鮮芋表(biao)皮上(shang)半部呈(cheng)(cheng)暗褐色(se),下半部呈(cheng)(cheng)淺棕色(se)或肉色(se),平(ping)滑飽滿,皮薄肉厚,質嫩呈(cheng)(cheng)乳白色(se),切開后有粘液。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標:安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)環境處于最適生(sheng)長(chang)區(qu)(qu),優勢十分(fen)明(ming)顯。因(yin)此,魔芋(yu)中(zhong)的(de)干物質(zhi)(zhi)與葡甘聚(ju)糖等重(zhong)要指(zhi)標明(ming)顯優于其(qi)他栽培區(qu)(qu),其(qi)中(zhong), 安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋(yu)干物質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(總量1-水(shui)分(fen)含(han)量而(er)得)≥15.0%,明(ming)顯優于其(qi)他栽培區(qu)(qu)的(de)12.6~14.5%;安縣(xian)(xian)魔芋(yu)葡甘聚(ju)糖在干物質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)比(bi)例(鮮樣中(zhong)葡甘聚(ju)糖含(han)量÷干物質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量)≥55.0%,明(ming)顯優于其(qi)他栽培區(qu)(qu)的(de)52.5~55.0%。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求:保(bao)護環(huan)境(jing)(jing)使基地符合農業部生產無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)魔芋(yu)生產條(tiao)件(jian),環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)達到NY5010—2002《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)產地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)》標準,產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)參(can)照NY5221—2005《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)薯芋(yu)類蔬菜(cai)》標準執行(xing)。建立環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護制度,嚴(yan)格控制在基地周(zhou)邊3公里內(nei)建有(you)污染的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)礦企(qi)業,防(fang)止工(gong)(gong)業“三廢”污染基地;設(she)立環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護標志牌(pai),標志范圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)(de)畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖場糞水(shui)要(yao)經(jing)過無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)化(hua)處理,施(shi)用的(de)(de)農家肥經(jing)過發酵腐爛,確保(bao)無(wu)(wu)害(hai)(hai);農藥、肥料使用執行(xing)有(you)關(guan)準則或規范。