原糖
原糖(tang)又(you)稱粗糖(tang)或二(er)號糖(tang),是指以(yi)甘蔗、甜(tian)菜榨糖(tang)取(qu)汁,經過簡單的(de)過濾(lv)、澄清,通(tong)過沸騰濃(nong)縮、煮(zhu)煉結晶、離心分(fen)蜜,制成的(de)帶有一層(ceng)糖(tang)蜜,不供(gong)直接食用(yong)、作為(wei)精煉糖(tang)廠(chang)再(zai)加工用(yong)的(de)原料糖(tang)。
經(jing)(jing)過(guo)搗碎干燥后研(yan)磨生成的(de)甘(gan)(gan)蔗(zhe)原糖是可以直接(jie)食用(yong)的(de),雖然其甘(gan)(gan)甜度(du)、顆粒大小和均勻程度(du)以及色澤均不及經(jing)(jing)過(guo)結晶處理的(de)其他糖(如白(bai)糖等),但(dan)具(ju)有保持甘(gan)(gan)蔗(zhe)原有特點,富含多種礦物質成分,柔美濕潤(run),非常有益于身體健康。
定義
呈淺(qian)棕色。是國際(ji)貿易中最(zui)主要的食糖產品。原糖可作(zuo)為食糖精加工的原料使用。
直接食用的綠色(有機)糖-甘蔗(zhe)原糖。
未經結晶(jing)處(chu)理的甘蔗原(yuan)糖是可以食用的,是一(yi)種天(tian)然的綠(lv)色原(yuan)糖。
將甘蔗搗碎干燥后(hou)經研磨獲取的甘蔗原糖是可直接食用的。
通過簡單的加工工藝獲取的甘蔗原糖,保持甘蔗原有特點,富含鈣鉄鎂錳鋅等多種礦物質成分,屬純天然綠色糖料,直接食用對人體無害,有益于健康。
指標
分析評價
(一(yi))、在(zai)(zai)(zai)甘(gan)蔗(zhe)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)業發(fa)展(zhan)早期(qi),確實(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著一(yi)些殖(zhi)民國家在(zai)(zai)(zai)殖(zhi)民地種植甘(gan)蔗(zhe)加(jia)工(gong)生產(chan)原(yuan)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(粗(cu)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)),然后(hou)運回到宗主(zhu)國加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)成白糖(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)投放市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)情況;這一(yi)歷(li)史(shi)事實(shi),使早期(qi)的(de)原(yuan)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)生產(chan)帶有較濃厚的(de)掠(lve)奪殖(zhi)民地的(de)色彩。但是(shi),現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)情況已經發(fa)生了變化,世界(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)生產(chan)和(he)出(chu)口原(yuan)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)國家都是(shi)主(zhu)權獨立國家,其(qi)中不少是(shi)發(fa)達(da)和(he)比較發(fa)達(da)的(de)國家,包括美國本土(tu)的(de)甘(gan)蔗(zhe)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)廠,也是(shi)先在(zai)(zai)(zai)甘(gan)蔗(zhe)產(chan)區加(jia)工(gong)生產(chan)原(yuan)糖(tang)(tang)(tang),然后(hou)運到銷區精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)廠加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)投放市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。原(yuan)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)生產(chan)所以能在(zai)(zai)(zai)很長(chang)的(de)時期(qi)內存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)下來、獲得發(fa)展(zhan),并為世界(jie)食糖(tang)(tang)(tang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)接受為主(zhu)要(yao)食糖(tang)(tang)(tang)交易品種,在(zai)(zai)(zai)客(ke)觀上有其(qi)內在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)技術(shu)、經濟合理性。
(二)、首先,將甘蔗在(zai)產區盡快以最簡單(dan)的(de)方法加(jia)工(gong)成原(yuan)糖,再經過運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、儲存(cun),精(jing)煉加(jia)工(gong),然后投放(fang)(fang)市場(chang)(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售;和棉花收(shou)獲后,先在(zai)產區粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)、打包,再運(yun)(yun)到紡(fang)織廠貯存(cun)、精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)、織成布(bu)后投放(fang)(fang)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)情況(kuang)一樣(yang),均符合大(da)宗農產工(gong)業原(yuan)料收(shou)購、粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、貯存(cun)、精(jing)加(jia)工(gong),銷(xiao)(xiao)售的(de)正常運(yun)(yun)行規(gui)律。
(三)、用最簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)石灰(hui)法工(gong)(gong)藝,將(jiang)甘蔗(zhe)(zhe)榨汁(zhi)、清凈、煑煉(lian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)原(yuan)糖(tang);再將(jiang)原(yuan)糖(tang)經(jing)(jing)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)洗(用加(jia)水(shui)(shui)、加(jia)糖(tang)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)辦法將(jiang)原(yuan)糖(tang)開(kai)成(cheng)糖(tang)糊,使原(yuan)糖(tang)表(biao)面的(de)(de)糖(tang)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)稀釋)、復篩(shai)(通過(guo)分(fen)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)機將(jiang)原(yuan)糖(tang)表(biao)面的(de)(de)糖(tang)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)分(fen)離),重(zhong)結晶(將(jiang)經(jing)(jing)分(fen)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)提(ti)純后的(de)(de)糖(tang),加(jia)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)優質洗蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)開(kai)成(cheng)糖(tang)漿(jiang),然后經(jing)(jing)煮煉(lian)重(zhong)結晶提(ti)純)提(ti)煉(lian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精糖(tang)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),運用的(de)(de)主要(yao)是物理法提(ti)純蔗(zhe)(zhe)糖(tang)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理,其產品(pin)基(ji)本不受化學(xue)污(wu)染(ran),工(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)簡(jian)單(dan),污(wu)染(ran)源少且易于(yu)治理。
(四(si))、由于石灰(hui)法工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝設備簡(jian)單,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠可(ke)以就近建在甘(gan)蔗產區中心,大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)縮(suo)短(duan)甘(gan)蔗平(ping)均運(yun)輸距離(li),減少運(yun)輸費用和(he)公路負擔;加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠的規模根(gen)據(ju)可(ke)供加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)甘(gan)蔗量,可(ke)大(da)(da)(da)、可(ke)小,管理機構和(he)人員配置可(ke)大(da)(da)(da)為簡(jian)化,絕大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人實行(xing)(xing)亦(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、亦(yi)農,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠僅安排極少數固定聀工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),負責管理甘(gan)蔗收購、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),設備維護、檢(jian)修和(he)統計(ji)、財務(wu);不再設專(zhuan)門職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生活區;開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間,合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人來廠做工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),停工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間,回鄉務(wu)農種(zhong)甘(gan)蔗。通過實行(xing)(xing)季節性合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制度,既減少了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠開支;又使(shi)農民通過亦(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、亦(yi)農提高了(le)素(su)質、掌握(wo)了(le)技術,增加(jia)了(le)收入,密切了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、農關系。
(五)、實力(li)雄(xiong)厚(hou)的(de)大型龍(long)頭制(zhi)糖企(qi)業,通過收購、兼并(bing)和(he)實行股份制(zhi)等多(duo)種形式,將周圍(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)、小糖廠(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)造為原(yuan)糖廠(chang)(chang)(chang),建(jian)立母、子(zi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)關(guan)系,子(zi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)為原(yuan)糖加(jia)(jia)工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(實際為原(yuan)料基地),就近(jin)加(jia)(jia)工甘(gan)蔗(zhe),生產原(yuan)糖,供母廠(chang)(chang)(chang)精煉加(jia)(jia)工;子(zi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)廢(fei)糖蜜、蔗(zhe)渣全(quan)部由母廠(chang)(chang)(chang)統一(yi)安排加(jia)(jia)工、集中(zhong)(zhong)治理污(wu)染(ran)(ran),妥善解決子(zi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)規模(mo)小、數量眾多(duo),小而全(quan),污(wu)染(ran)(ran)嚴(yan)重的(de)問(wen)題;在眾多(duo)子(zi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)支撐(cheng)下,形成(cheng)了母廠(chang)(chang)(chang)枝繁(fan)葉茂的(de)格(ge)局,不再(zai)受到地理環(huan)境對甘(gan)蔗(zhe)種植面(mian)積和(he)甘(gan)蔗(zhe)運輸里程的(de)限制(zhi),可(ke)以比(bi)較(jiao)自(zi)由的(de)在更(geng)大范圍(wei)內(nei)把(ba)企(qi)業做大、做強,在市場(chang)具有更(geng)強的(de)應變力(li)和(he)競(jing)爭力(li)。
國家標準
基本信息
標準號StandardNo:GB 15108-2006;
中文標準名稱StandardTitle in Chinese:原糖;
英文標準名稱:Raw sugar;
發布日期IssuanceDate:2006-3-31;
實施日期ExecuteDate:2006-10-1;
首次發布日期FirstIssuance Date:1994-4-4;
標準狀態StandardState:現行;
復審確認日期ReviewAffirmance Date;
計劃編號Plan No:20021628-Q-607;
代替國標號ReplacedStandard:GB/T 15018-1994,GB/T 15108-1994;
被代替國標號ReplacedStandard:
廢止時間RevocatoryDate:
采用國際標準號AdoptedInternational Standard No:
采標名稱AdoptedInternational Standard Name:
采用程度ApplicationDegree:
采用國際標準AdoptedInternational Standard:
國際標準分類號(ICS):67.180.10;
中國標準分類號(CCS):X31;
標準類別StandardSort:產(chan)品;
標準頁碼NumberofPages:
標準價格(元(yuan))Price(¥):
主管部門Governor:國家標準化管理委(wei)員會(hui);
歸口單位TechnicalCommittees:全國(guo)食品工(gong)業標準化技術委員會;
起草單位DraftingCommittee:全(quan)國食(shi)(shi)品(pin)工(gong)業標準化技術委員會食(shi)(shi)糖分會;
前言
本標準的第3章是(shi)強(qiang)制性條款,其余(yu)為(wei)推薦性條款。
本標準與國際食品法典委員會(CAC)Codex Stan 212-1999《國際糖品法典(dian)標準》(Codex standard for sugar)的一致性程度為非等(deng)效。
本標準代替GB/T 15108-1994《原糖》。
本標準與GB/T 15108-1994相比主要(yao)變化如(ru)下:
在(zai)理化要(yao)求(qiu)中,增加葡(pu)聚(ju)糖這一(yi)項目并作(zuo)限(xian)量(liang);刪(shan)除(chu)(chu)電導(dao)灰分(fen)而(er)(er)增加灰分(fen)這一(yi)項目并作(zuo)限(xian)量(liang);刪(shan)除(chu)(chu)干燥失重(zhong)而(er)(er)增加安全系(xi)數(SF)這一(yi)項目并作(zuo)限(xian)量(liang);修訂了(le)色值的指標;
增(zeng)加衛生要求,設立砷、鉛(qian)、二氧(yang)化(hua)硫、蜻項目并作限量;
增加葡聚糖(tang)、灰分(fen)及衛生要(yao)求各(ge)項目的試驗方法。
本(ben)標(biao)準由中(zhong)國輕(qing)工業聯(lian)合(he)會提出。
本標準由全(quan)國食(shi)品(pin)標準化技術(shu)委員(yuan)會制糖(tang)分技術(shu)委員(yuan)會歸口。
本標準(zhun)起草單位:廣(guang)(guang)州甘蔗(zhe)(zhe)糖(tang)業(ye)(ye)研究所、東糖(tang)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)貴糖(tang)(集(ji)團(tuan))股(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、江門甘蔗(zhe)(zhe)化(hua)工廠(chang)(集(ji)團(tuan))股(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、廣(guang)(guang)東順德糖(tang)廠(chang)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、洋浦南華糖(tang)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)團(tuan)、云南鳳慶(qing)糖(tang)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公(gong)司、上海精密儀器(qi)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、珠海市粵僑(qiao)實業(ye)(ye)股(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、全國(guo)甘蔗(zhe)(zhe)糖(tang)業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)、國(guo)家(jia)輕工業(ye)(ye)甘蔗(zhe)(zhe)糖(tang)業(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量監督檢(jian)測中(zhong)心(xin)。
本標(biao)準所代替標(biao)準的歷次版本發布情況為(wei):GB/T 15108-1994。