一、聲控開關的原理是什么

隨著智能家居的普及，聲控開關逐漸成為人們生活中的一種智能化控制方式。聲控開關可以通過人們的語音指令，實現對燈光、電器等設備的開關和調節，方便快捷。那么，聲控開關的原理是什么呢？

原(yuan)理分析：聲控開關(guan)內有一麥(mai)克(ke)風、光(guang)敏電阻、三極(ji)管、電容器(qi)等電子元件，白(bai)天(tian)的(de)時候，由于光(guang)敏電阻的(de)阻值較小。就會屏(ping)蔽(bi)掉麥(mai)克(ke)風的(de)信號輸入。這樣(yang)即使有很(hen)大的(de)聲音。但(dan)是因為光(guang)敏電阻的(de)下拉導致信號無法繼續傳送，所以白(bai)天(tian)不亮 。

夜(ye)晚(wan)的時(shi)候，光敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值變大。此(ci)時(shi)如果(guo)有(you)較大的聲音(yin)的話。聲音(yin)會(hui)(hui)通過麥克風轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。然后(hou)后(hou)級的放(fang)(fang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)將此(ci)小信(xin)(xin)號(hao)放(fang)(fang)大。最后(hou)推動(dong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管導通，此(ci)時(shi)燈(deng)泡就會(hui)(hui)點亮。在晶(jing)閘(zha)管驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有(you)一個阻(zu)(zu)(zu)容(rong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就是延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值的大小和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值的大小都會(hui)(hui)影響到延時(shi)量的變化。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷放(fang)(fang)盡的時(shi)候，晶(jing)閘(zha)管就會(hui)(hui)在交(jiao)流過零后(hou)自(zi)動(dong)關閉，此(ci)時(shi)燈(deng)泡就會(hui)(hui)熄滅了

二、聲控開關的優缺點介紹

1、聲控開關優點

（1）發聲啟控

聲(sheng)(sheng)控(kong)開關(guan)由(you)聲(sheng)(sheng)音的大小(xiao)來控(kong)制開關(guan)，點亮(liang)燈(deng)光(guang)。聲(sheng)(sheng)音可以(yi)是腳步聲(sheng)(sheng)、喊叫聲(sheng)(sheng)、吹口哨(shao)等(deng)只要(yao)在聲(sheng)(sheng)控(kong)開關(guan)附近發出響亮(liang)的聲(sheng)(sheng)音，都可立即(ji)啟動開關(guan)讓燈(deng)光(guang)明亮(liang)起來，使用(yong)非常(chang)簡(jian)單(dan)，一試(shi)便(bian)會。對于(yu)家(jia)中雙手(shou)有不方(fang)便(bian)的人來說，用(yong)聲(sheng)(sheng)音控(kong)制燈(deng)會很(hen)安全(quan)、便(bian)利。

（2）延時自關

聲(sheng)控開關通過聲(sheng)音啟動(dong)后會自動(dong)打開燈光，然后延長一段設置(zhi)的時(shi)間，一般是十秒(miao)左(zuo)右，之后燈光會自動(dong)滅(mie)掉。這樣(yang)延時(shi)的開啟、關閉(bi)設置(zhi)，人來燈亮、人去燈熄，避免家中電能的浪費(fei)，一定程度上節(jie)約了生(sheng)活電費(fei)開支，同時(shi)方便(bian)(bian)黑暗中摸索尋找開關的麻煩，尤其對(dui)于(yu)上下樓來說會更(geng)為(wei)方便(bian)(bian)，不(bu)會發生(sheng)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)的因(yin)素(su)。

（3）延長燈泡的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命

燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)短時間提供(gong)照明需要，會(hui)自(zi)動滅掉，一般燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)為800—2000小時，聲控(kong)開關控(kong)制的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)，其壽(shou)命(ming)會(hui)比一般燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)使用(yong)更長久(jiu)。對于(yu)家庭而(er)言免去(qu)了(le)常換燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)的(de)(de)煩惱，節省資金(jin)的(de)(de)同時避免了(le)麻(ma)煩。

2、聲控開關缺點

聲(sheng)(sheng)控開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要(yao)適用(yong)鎢絲(si)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，即(ji)傳統燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡。這是因(yin)為聲(sheng)(sheng)光(guang)控開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通過電(dian)子回(hui)路啟(qi)(qi)動，帶(dai)整流器的(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)由于啟(qi)(qi)動電(dian)流大，容易造成電(dian)子元件的(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)，導致(zhi)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)損壞(huai)。由于聲(sheng)(sheng)光(guang)控開關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)啟(qi)(qi)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)頻繁，會縮短節能燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)這類(lei)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)壽命，同時也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能在關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)之前(qian)達到(dao)鹵素燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)這類(lei)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)最佳亮度，因(yin)此大部分的(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)都不(bu)(bu)適用(yong)。

總的來說，聲控開關在近段時間興(xing)起，也深受人們喜愛，但同時它(ta)既有優點也有缺點，大家需要慎重考(kao)慮選購(gou)。