貢山(shan)(shan)八角(Illicium wardii A. C. Sm.)五味子科八角屬植物。貢山(shan)(shan)八角是哪里產(chan)(chan)的?貢山(shan)(shan)八角主要產(chan)(chan)于(yu)云南西北部貢山(shan)(shan)、瀘水。生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)海(hai)拔1 800-2 700米的山(shan)(shan)地林內或溝邊。緬甸(dian)也有分布。貢山(shan)(shan)八角密(mi)集生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)葉柄(bing)之間,果(guo)梗長8-15毫米,蓇葖12-13枚,漸尖頭明顯(xian)變狹(xia),花期(qi)3月,果(guo)期(qi)7-9月。
小(xiao)喬木,高可達10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。芽鱗(lin)長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)。葉(xie)近(jin)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或3-4片(pian)(pian)簇生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),革(ge)質(zhi),狹長(chang)(chang)圓狀(zhuang)橢圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)8-12厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.5-5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端驟尖(jian)(jian)或短漸尖(jian)(jian),基部急(ji)尖(jian)(jian);中脈在(zai)葉(xie)面(mian)下(xia)陷,在(zai)葉(xie)下(xia)面(mian)突(tu)起,側脈每邊8-13條,在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)下(xia)陷或平(ping)坦,在(zai)葉(xie)下(xia)面(mian)隆(long)起或稍突(tu)起;葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)12-20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)淡黃色(se)到白色(se),也(ye)有略帶粉紅色(se)的(de),芳香,腋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),密集生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于葉(xie)柄之(zhi)間。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)(geng)在(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長(chang)(chang)6-10毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑通常1.8-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)27-30片(pian)(pian),外面(mian)1-2枚,薄紙(zhi)質(zhi),長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)10-11毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)6-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。最大的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)膜質(zhi),長(chang)(chang)圓狀(zhuang)舌(she)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)14-17(-21)毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.5-4.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內層花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)15-17片(pian)(pian),舌(she)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing);雄蕊常3輪,28-35枚,長(chang)(chang)3.5-4.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)舌(she)狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)1.5-2.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1.9-2.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),藥隔鈍,驟尖(jian)(jian);心(xin)皮(pi)12-13枚,長(chang)(chang)4-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),子房長(chang)(chang)1.5-2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)鉆形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)2.3-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。果梗(geng)(geng)長(chang)(chang)8-15毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),蓇葖(tu)12-13枚,長(chang)(chang)25-28毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)10-11毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),厚2-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),漸尖(jian)(jian)頭明顯變狹,長(chang)(chang)10-15毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期3月,果期7-9月。
通過對采自(zi)于云南怒江高黎貢(gong)山八角果實進行分(fen)離純化(hua),得到(dao)了7個化(hua)合物,并采用理化(hua)性(xing)質分(fen)析和光譜分(fen)析等手段確定其化(hua)學結構(gou)。
貢(gong)山(shan)八角(jiao)果(guo)實中的7個化合物是β-谷甾醇、胡蘿(luo)卜苷、烏索酸、4,12-Di-O-methylillicinone C、11-Epi-illicinoneE、槲皮素、莽草酸。
該研(yan)究為(wei)進一步(bu)開發云(yun)南省的(de)野生植物(wu)資(zi)源,尋找野生八(ba)角更多具有生物(wu)活性的(de)化學成分提供了(le)依據(ju)。