大石花(hua)菜是亞熱帶性海(hai)(hai)藻(zao),是北(bei)太平洋西部(bu)的(de)特有種,國內主(zhu)產于嵊山(shan)、普陀山(shan)、漁山(shan)、南麂(ji)、大漁,喜歡(huan)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在水質清(qing)凈(jing)、潮(chao)流通暢、鹽(yan)度較高(gao)的(de)海(hai)(hai)域,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在外海(hai)(hai)島嶼(yu)干潮(chao)線以(yi)下巖礁上,為多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)海(hai)(hai)藻(zao)。
大石花菜藻體暗紫紅色,軟骨(gu)質,高12~18厘米(mi),分枝3~4次,較長(chang),對(dui)生(sheng)或互生(sheng),呈復羽(yu)狀小枝,囊(nang)果著生(sheng)在分枝頂(ding)端(duan)(duan),它(ta)的(de)(de)每一(yi)個分枝的(de)(de)頂(ding)端(duan)(duan),都有一(yi)個頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)。稾體分枝的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)就是通過頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)分裂并分化(hua)而(er)(er)進行的(de)(de)。頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)首先分生(sheng)成中軸絲細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),同時在頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)后的(de)(de)一(yi)二個細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),它(ta)們經過分裂而(er)(er)產生(sheng)4個圍(wei)軸(zhou)細(xi)胞(bao)。這些圍(wei)軸(zhou)細(xi)胞(bao)呈四方形(xing)排列在母細(xi)胞(bao)周圍(wei),并經過不斷分裂和分化形(xing)成(cheng)皮(pi)層(ceng)及髓部(bu)組織,藻體基(ji)部(bu)的皮(pi)層(ceng)再(zai)分裂形(xing)成(cheng)假根,假根絲平行于中軸(zhou)絲。
大石(shi)花菜(cai)的繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)為(wei)有性生(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和無(wu)性繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩種,有性生(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)通過(guo)雌雄配子體(ti)成熟后,果(guo)胞受精形成果(guo)孢(bao)子體(ti),果(guo)孢(bao)子體(ti)成熟后產生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)孢(bao)子而進行(xing)(xing)的;無(wu)性繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則是(shi)通過(guo)四分(fen)孢(bao)子體(ti)產生(sheng)(sheng)四分(fen)孢(bao)子而進行(xing)(xing)的。這兩種繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形式最終都是(shi)以(yi)孢(bao)子進行(xing)(xing)的,故稱為(wei)孢(bao)子繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)外,石(shi)花菜(cai)還可以(yi)進行(xing)(xing)特殊的營養繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),分(fen)為(wei)匍匐枝繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、假(jia)根(gen)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和藻體(ti)再生(sheng)(sheng)3種形式。