芒果视频下载

黃草壩上的黃草

興義(yi)(yi)，原(yuan)名黃草(cao)(cao)壩（金釵(chai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)），因盛產(chan)(chan)黃草(cao)(cao)而(er)得名。解放(fang)前，興義(yi)(yi)市石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)收購(gou)的(de)最(zui)高(gao)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量達35擔(dan)（每擔(dan)約50kg）。黃草(cao)(cao)，在植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)學(xue)上屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)蘭科(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)(shu)是蘭科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)的(de)一個大(da)家族，全世(shi)界約產(chan)(chan)1000種(zhong)(zhong)，廣(guang)泛分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)亞洲(zhou)熱(re)帶和(he)亞熱(re)帶地區至大(da)洋(yang)洲(zhou)。中(zhong)國產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)75種(zhong)(zhong)2變種(zhong)(zhong)，主產(chan)(chan)秦嶺以(yi)南諸省區，尤以(yi)云南南部種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最(zui)多。貴州省經過(guo)多年(nian)的(de)調查研究統(tong)計，全省產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)22種(zhong)(zhong)1變種(zhong)(zhong)，黔西南產(chan)(chan)19種(zhong)(zhong)，興義(yi)(yi)市產(chan)(chan)16種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上，分(fen)別是細葉石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、羅(luo)河石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、疊(die)鞘(qiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、流蘇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、束花(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、紫瓣(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、美花(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、齒(chi)瓣(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、兜唇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、玫瑰(gui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、盤江石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鉤狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、勐海石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、重唇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、細莖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)按照(zhao)莖的(de)粗細不同(tong)被加工成中(zhong)藥(yao)材后，民間常(chang)分(fen)為大(da)黃草(cao)(cao)、中(zhong)黃草(cao)(cao)和(he)小(xiao)黃草(cao)(cao)，每一類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)都有多種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。

解放后，1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)收(shou)(shou)購的(de)(de)黃草(cao)達30多擔(dan)(dan)，1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)上升到(dao)50多擔(dan)(dan)，“文(wen)化大(da)(da)革命”期間年(nian)(nian)(nian)收(shou)(shou)購量(liang)(liang)為(wei)20多擔(dan)(dan)。在二十世(shi)(shi)紀的(de)(de)六(liu)、七十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)，據有(you)關人士(shi)介(jie)紹(shao)興義的(de)(de)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)隨處可(ke)見(jian)，到(dao)二十世(shi)(shi)紀八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)在自然界中(zhong)仍然可(ke)以(yi)找到(dao)，并有(you)初步的(de)(de)人工栽培(pei)，進(jin)入二十世(shi)(shi)紀八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)后期，由于(yu)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)用(yong)途的(de)(de)拓展，新(xin)藥(yao)的(de)(de)開發，石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)市場(chang)需求量(liang)(liang)加大(da)(da)，各(ge)地均在市場(chang)經濟的(de)(de)沖擊下進(jin)行大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)收(shou)(shou)購，由于(yu)帶兜采(cai)集等(deng)不合理的(de)(de)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)方式，野生(sheng)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)資源急劇下降，造成資源快速瀕(bin)危(wei)，首先是(shi)黑節草(cao)（鐵(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)）告急，其次是(shi)金釵(chai)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)（石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)）在興義消失蹤跡，再(zai)就(jiu)是(shi)小(xiao)黃草(cao)（美花石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、粉花石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)）罕(han)見(jian)。黃草(cao)原植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)一(yi)種一(yi)種地變為(wei)瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種，以(yi)至被列入國(guo)際瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)（禁(jin)止(zhi)貿(mao)易）的(de)(de)名單及“國(guo)家重點(dian)保護野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)名錄”中(zhong)。