一.產品介紹
特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)地理環境和(he)(he)資源(yuan)優勢及特(te)(te)殊種(zhong)植模式(shi)決定了莒(ju)縣(xian)綠(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)、優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)質。莒(ju)縣(xian)綠(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)粗細(xi)均(jun)勻、顏色嫩綠(lv)(lv)、包頭緊實(shi)、風味獨(du)特(te)(te)、口味鮮美(mei)、營養豐富含有(you)人體必需(xu)的(de)(de)多種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、組(zu)織蛋白、蘆(lu)丁、膽堿、葉(xie)酸(suan)等物質以及硒、鉬、鉻、錳(meng)等微量素。據醫學專家論證硒、錳(meng)具有(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)和(he)(he)抗癌作用組(zu)織蛋白可(ke)控制(zhi)癌細(xi)胞生長(chang)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)對多種(zhong)癌變、心臟病(bing)、高血壓、水腫、心動過速、疲勞癥(zheng)、支(zhi)氣管炎、膀(bang)胱炎等多種(zhong)疾病(bing)具有(you)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)療效。食(shi)用蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)可(ke)提高免(mian)疫力增(zeng)強食(shi)欲有(you)利于增(zeng)強體質蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)深受(shou)國(guo)內外客戶的(de)(de)歡迎(ying)莒(ju)縣(xian)綠(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)憑借(jie)優良(liang)(liang)產品(pin)品(pin)質在經初加工后已多年遠銷歐盟、、韓國(guo)、新加坡、香港等多個國(guo)家和(he)(he)地區(qu)廣受(shou)消費者青睞。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)光熱情況(kuang):莒縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處中緯度(du)地(di)帶,屬于(yu)暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)風(feng)區(qu)大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候,四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明,光照充足,氣(qi)(qi)候適宜(yi)。主要特(te)征是:春季(ji)溫(wen)和,風(feng)多(duo)雨少(shao);夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱,雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)集(ji)中;秋(qiu)季(ji)涼(liang)爽,少(shao)雨干旱;冬季(ji)寒冷,雨雪稀少(shao)。全(quan)年(nian)在作(zuo)(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)節,光照充足,熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)和降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)都(dou)(dou)較(jiao)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)富;但在個(ge)別年(nian)份,也(ye)出現旱澇(lao)、低溫(wen)等(deng)(deng)災害性(xing)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)。據統(tong)計資料顯示,莒縣(xian)(xian)多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.1℃,全(quan)年(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)2485.6小(xiao)時,無霜期(qi)184天(tian)(tian),農(nong)耕期(qi)280.6天(tian)(tian),大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)4664.2℃,大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)4181.8℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)901.33mm,多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)地(di)面(mian)(mian)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)14.3℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)壓為(wei)1004.6百帕,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)速為(wei)2.7m/s,境內(nei)(nei)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度(du)72%,歷年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)1617.9mm,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)凍結(jie)期(qi)為(wei)57天(tian)(tian),最大(da)(da)(da)凍土(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)37cm,能(neng)夠滿足種植業不(bu)同(tong)輪作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)度(du)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)需要。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):莒縣(xian)(xian)屬淮河(he)流域,境內(nei)(nei)有沭河(he)和濰河(he)兩大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。其中長(chang)(chang)10km以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)有鶴河(he)、小(xiao)店河(he)等(deng)(deng)26條主要支流,境內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利條件 中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)農(nong)業部(bu) 公(gong)(gong)布(bu) 優(you)越(yue),地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)(feng)(feng)富,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)(liang)(liang)2.25億m3,清潔(jie)無污染。農(nong)田排(pai)灌設施配(pei)套(tao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈,達到了(le)旱能(neng)澆、澇(lao)能(neng)排(pai)。符合莒縣(xian)(xian)綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)生(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質標準。 (3)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang):莒縣(xian)(xian)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘環繞,中部(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)和洼地(di)交接,南北(bei)長(chang)(chang)75.6km,大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頭450余座,大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)呈南北(bei)走向,東有屋樓崮、嶠子山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)(hai)拔600m左右,西有洛山(shan)(shan)(shan)、浮(fu)(fu)來山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)(hai)拔200m,南有馬亓山(shan)(shan)(shan)老營(ying)頂,海(hai)(hai)拔都(dou)(dou)在600m左右,北(bei)有棋山(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng),海(hai)(hai)拔400m以上(shang),天(tian)(tian)然形成(cheng)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)高、中間低,南北(bei)狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)槽地(di)形,沿沭河(he)兩岸為(wei)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)。莒縣(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、塘壩分(fen)布(bu)在四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘地(di)區(qu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)、丘陵、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)各占(zhan)三分(fen)之一。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共有棕壤(rang)、褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)和砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)5個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類、12個(ge)亞(ya)類、13個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬、93個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。域內(nei)(nei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)主要分(fen)布(bu)在且境中部(bu)沿沭河(he)及其支流兩側的(de)(de)(de)狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)地(di)帶,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)495平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)25.4%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質為(wei)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)層,表土(tu)(tu)(tu)多(duo)系壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。地(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦,坡度(du)小(xiao)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬河(he)潮(chao)(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu),地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)富,埋深(shen)1-3米。低平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洼地(di)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)低平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洼地(di)大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)莒城(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)陽、陵陽、浮(fu)(fu)來山(shan)(shan)(shan)、閻莊、劉家官莊、嶠山(shan)(shan)(shan)、招賢(xian)、店子集(ji)、墩頭等(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)帶,為(wei)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)46.25平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)源面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)9%,占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)2.3%。根據《小(xiao)店鎮志》記載在上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代莒縣(xian)(xian)就有栽植綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。建國(guo)以來,莒縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)發揮(hui)地(di)區(qu)優(you)勢(shi),從綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)種、栽培到貯藏(zang)加(jia)工等(deng)(deng)一系列生(sheng)(sheng)產過程,積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)累了(le)豐(feng)(feng)(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐經驗。
三.地域范圍
莒縣(xian)綠(lv)蘆筍主要分布在莒縣(xian)小店鎮、嶠山(shan)鎮、閻莊鎮、龍(long)山(shan)鎮、店子(zi)集鎮、洛河鎮、招賢鎮、劉官莊鎮、城(cheng)陽街(jie)道等(deng)十二個鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)道),地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)118°42′~119°15′,北緯35°21′~35°34′;地(di)域保護總面(mian)積9000公(gong)頃。年總產量4.5萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):具有本(ben)地(di)綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)的(de)自然特征(zheng),粗(cu)細均勻、顏色嫩綠(lv)、包頭緊(jin)實、營養(yang)豐富等特定(ding)品質。 (2)內在品質指標:莒縣綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)嫩莖(jing),每100g中(zhong)蛋白質≥2.5g%,粗(cu)纖維≦1.3%,Vc≥18mg/100g,Se≥0.006mg/kg,Mg≥13mg/100g,Ca≥13mg/100g,k≥205mg/100g。素有“蔬菜之王”的(de)美譽。 (3)質量安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:莒縣綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)種(zhong)植生產(chan)應嚴格(ge)執行日照市《綠(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)無公害生產(chan)技術規程(cheng)》( DB 3711/T 68—2015)。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)與特(te)殊內(nei)容規定 莒(ju)縣綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)莒(ju)縣小(xiao)店鎮(zhen),地域分(fen)布(bu)北至(zhi)洛河鎮(zhen),南至(zhi)小(xiao)店鎮(zhen),東至(zhi)龍山鎮(zhen),西至(zhi)劉官(guan)莊鎮(zhen),共涉及(ji)12個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)符合無公害食品(pin)(pin)環(huan)境(jing)技術條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特(te)性(xing)(xing)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 根(gen)據莒(ju)縣土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、氣候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、技術條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)及(ji)市場(chang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),主(zhu)要(yao)著(zhu)眼于(yu)(yu)供需關(guan)系(xi),并考慮到(dao)(dao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、儲藏、運輸、出口(kou)燈性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)原有(you)二代綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)基礎上(shang),選育引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)批適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)我縣自然條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),具有(you)豐產(chan)(chan)、質(zhi)優和抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)強等特(te)點的(de)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。通過(guo)近(jin)幾(ji)年的(de)引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)、試驗 示范,適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)的(de)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)為:國產(chan)(chan)雜交一(yi)(yi)代品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)等。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理 ①土(tu)壤(rang)管理。蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)園的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)管理措施(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo):栽植前(qian)(qian)深耕改(gai)土(tu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)期(qi)隴上(shang)培土(tu)、春(chun)夏(xia)(xia)秋季(ji)中耕松土(tu)等措施(shi)(shi)。 ②科學施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)。重(zhong)點推廣冬春(chun)行(xing)間(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)機肥(fei),畝施(shi)(shi)5000公斤。春(chun)季(ji)采(cai)前(qian)(qian)、留(liu)(liu)夏(xia)(xia)田莖(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)及(ji)留(liu)(liu)秋田莖(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian),三次(ci)追肥(fei)。追肥(fei)以復合肥(fei)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)為主(zhu),并于(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)適(shi)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)葉面(mian)追肥(fei)。 ③適(shi)時(shi)灌溉、及(ji)時(shi)排澇。蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耐(nai)旱怕澇,根(gen)據其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)特(te)性(xing)(xing)及(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)情況(kuang),結合追肥(fei),每年春(chun)秋各(ge)澆(jiao)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),干旱年份可(ke)多(duo)澆(jiao),保持田間(jian)(jian)持水(shui)量(liang)60-70%。夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)多(duo)時(shi),應注意(yi)排澇,以防止死株或造成病害蔓延。 ④適(shi)期(qi)留(liu)(liu)母莖(jing)(jing)(jing)。適(shi)度(du)摘心打頂。莒(ju)縣綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)主(zhu)要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)春(chun)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)和夏(xia)(xia)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),全(quan)年分(fen)兩(liang)次(ci)留(liu)(liu)母莖(jing)(jing)(jing),夏(xia)(xia)母莖(jing)(jing)(jing)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)20日到(dao)(dao)6月(yue)1日間(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing),每墩留(liu)(liu)2-3株,留(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)打頂高度(du)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1.2米;秋母莖(jing)(jing)(jing)選留(liu)(liu)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)底到(dao)(dao)9月(yue)初,每墩留(liu)(liu)4-5株,留(liu)(liu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)打頂高度(du)1.2-1.5米。 ⑤病蟲(chong)害防治。積極貫徹“預防為主(zhu)、綜合防治”的(de)植保方(fang)針,多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)、物(wu)(wu)理、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)措施(shi)(shi)控制病蟲(chong)害,減少化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)數,充分(fen)保護(hu)天敵,嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)高毒、高殘留(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),推廣使用(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)燈、粘蟲(chong)板,使用(yong)(yong)低(di)毒、低(di)殘留(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)或生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)數控制在(zai)(zai)(zai)8次(ci)左右。 ⑥產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)割(ge)及(ji)運輸。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)采(cai)割(ge)使用(yong)(yong)刀具在(zai)(zai)(zai)地下1-5厘米處割(ge)斷嫩(nen)莖(jing)(jing)(jing),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)午10時(shi)到(dao)(dao)下午4時(shi),嫩(nen)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)長(chang)度(du)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25厘米,采(cai)收之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地頭進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)初步(bu)分(fen)級,經(jing)分(fen)級后(hou)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)稻草或尼龍繩捆扎,站立于(yu)(yu)塑料筐內(nei),12小(xiao)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)運到(dao)(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)廠進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。 (4)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 莒(ju)縣綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)蘆(lu)筍(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)全(quan)過(guo)程要(yao)建立田間(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔案,肥(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)檔案、產(chan)(chan)銷情況(kuang)記錄(lu)檔案,全(quan)面(mian)記載(zai)并妥(tuo)善保存,以備(bei)查閱。