簡介
丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)又名(ming)赤參(can)(can)(can),紅根等(deng)(deng)。為雙子(zi)葉植物(wu)(wu)唇(chun)形科,主產(chan)于山(shan)東、安徽、河(he)南(nan)、陜西等(deng)(deng)地。功效:活血(xue)調經,祛(qu)瘀止痛,涼(liang)血(xue)消癰,清心除煩,養血(xue)安神。丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)根據花(hua)(hua)(hua)色的(de)區(qu)別(bie)可以(yi)分為紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)和白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can),其中白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)相對(dui)紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can),更為稀有(you)和珍貴,主要產(chan)于山(shan)東地區(qu),具有(you)非常(chang)高的(de)藥用價值(zhi),醫家一直將(jiang)其視為珍品。白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)系多(duo)年生草本植物(wu)(wu),是(shi)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)族中的(de)極品;經現代研究證明,白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)有(you)效成分是(shi)紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)的(de)2-3倍,比(bi)紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)多(duo)出兩種化合物(wu)(wu)即四氫(qing)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)醌和丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)醛,相比(bi)紫花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can),白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)具有(you)更高的(de)藥用價值(zhi)。
生長環境
白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)主要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),現主要(yao)產于山(shan)(shan)(shan)東萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu),為(wei)(wei)瀕危中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)。白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)于2011年獲得由國家工商總(zong)局批復(fu)的(de)國家地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志性證明商標 。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)區境內(nei),涵蓋15個鎮(zhen)(街道)56個行(xing)政村(cun),總(zong)面積3萬畝。山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)區地(di)(di)(di)處泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓,魯中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腹地(di)(di)(di),自(zi)古就盛(sheng)產多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai),是國內(nei)部分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)重要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)(di)(di)。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)北部山(shan)(shan)(shan)區綿延幾(ji)百(bai)公(gong)里,以丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)主,溪水(shui)涓流,氣候適宜,光照充分(fen),降水(shui)量充足,砂(sha)質(zhi)土壤,水(shui)質(zhi)無污(wu)染(ran),地(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境和自(zi)然條件優越(yue),是白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)理(li)想的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)之地(di)(di)(di)。白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)十(shi)幾(ji)年前(qian),已經幾(ji)乎滅絕,只是在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東地(di)(di)(di)區有零(ling)星分(fen)布,為(wei)(wei)保護白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)這(zhe)一野生(sheng)(sheng)稀有物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong),加(jia)快產業化(hua)研究(jiu)(jiu)開發,專項成(cheng)立了萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)天然藥(yao)物(wu)研究(jiu)(jiu)所,取得少(shao)量白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子,然后進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)育。基地(di)(di)(di)設(she)在(zai)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)北部山(shan)(shan)(shan)區的(de)苗山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心與山(shan)(shan)(shan)東中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)大學、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東農業大學、泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)醫學院(yuan)等(deng)多(duo)家院(yuan)校建立了長(chang)期合作(zuo)關系,主要(yao)是對(dui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東特(te)產稀有物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)進(jin)行(xing)系統研究(jiu)(jiu),同時也為(wei)(wei)對(dui)白(bai)(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)這(zhe)一稀有物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)規模化(hua)和產業化(hua)進(jin)行(xing)了系統的(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)和實踐。
植物屬性
為(wei)多年生(sheng)(sheng)草本植物,根肥厚,外面(mian)(mian)紅色(se)(se)。莖高(gao)40~80厘(li)米,有長(chang)柔(rou)毛。葉常(chang)為(wei)單數羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),為(wei)復(fu)葉;小(xiao)葉1~3對,卵(luan)形(xing)或(huo)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing),兩面(mian)(mian)有毛。花為(wei)白花,輪傘花序,組(zu)成頂生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)腋生(sheng)(sheng)假(jia)總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花序,密生(sheng)(sheng)腺毛或(huo)長(chang)柔(rou)毛;苞(bao) 片(pian)披針(zhen)形(xing),花萼(e)白色(se)(se),有11條脈紋,長(chang)約11毫(hao)米,外有腺毛,2唇(chun)形(xing),上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)闊三角(jiao)形(xing),頂端有。3個聚合小(xiao)尖頭,下(xia)唇(chun)有2齒,三角(jiao)形(xing)或(huo)近半圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing);花冠白色(se)(se),長(chang)2~2.7厘(li)米,筒(tong)內有毛環,上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)鐮刀形(xing),下(xia)唇(chun)短于上(shang)(shang)唇(chun),3裂,中間(jian)裂片(pian)最(zui)大;雄蕊著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)唇(chun)基部。小(xiao)堅果(guo)黑色(se)(se),橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)。花期4~6月;果(guo)期7~8月。
地域范圍
萊(lai)蕪白花丹參的地(di)域保護范(fan)圍為山(shan)東(dong)省萊(lai)蕪區境內。地(di)理(li)位置在東(dong)徑117°19′~117°58′,北緯36°02′~36°33′,主(zhu)要涉(she)及苗山(shan)、和莊、茶葉(xie)、口鎮(zhen)、雪野、大(da)王莊、高莊、牛泉、辛莊、里(li)辛、顏莊、黃莊、寨里(li)、羊里(li)、張家洼等15個(ge)鎮(zhen)(街道),56個(ge)行政(zheng)村,總面積2000公頃。