簡介
丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)又名赤參(can)(can)(can)(can),紅根(gen)等。為雙(shuang)子(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)唇形(xing)科,主產于(yu)山東(dong)、安徽、河南(nan)、陜西等地。功效:活血(xue)調經,祛瘀止痛(tong),涼(liang)血(xue)消癰,清心除煩(fan),養血(xue)安神。丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)根(gen)據花(hua)色的(de)區(qu)別可以分(fen)為紫花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)和白花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),其(qi)(qi)中白花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)相對紫花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),更(geng)為稀有(you)和珍(zhen)(zhen)貴(gui),主要產于(yu)山東(dong)地區(qu),具有(you)非常高的(de)藥用價(jia)(jia)值,醫家(jia)一直(zhi)將其(qi)(qi)視為珍(zhen)(zhen)品(pin)。白花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)系多(duo)年(nian)生草本植物(wu),是(shi)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)族中的(de)極品(pin);經現代(dai)研究證明,白花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)有(you)效成分(fen)是(shi)紫花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的(de)2-3倍,比紫花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)多(duo)出(chu)兩種(zhong)化合物(wu)即四氫(qing)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)醌和丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)醛,相比紫花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can),白花(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)(can)具有(you)更(geng)高的(de)藥用價(jia)(jia)值。
生長環境
白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)主要(yao)(yao)生長在山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)帶,現主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)于山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)萊(lai)蕪,為(wei)(wei)瀕危中草(cao)藥(yao)。白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)于2011年獲(huo)得由國(guo)家工(gong)商總局批復的(de)國(guo)家地(di)(di)理(li)標志性證明商標 。萊(lai)蕪白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)地(di)(di)域保護范圍為(wei)(wei)萊(lai)蕪區(qu)(qu)(qu)境(jing)內(nei),涵蓋15個鎮(zhen)(街道)56個行(xing)政村(cun),總面(mian)積(ji)3萬畝。山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省萊(lai)蕪區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)處(chu)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)麓(lu),魯中腹地(di)(di),自(zi)古就盛(sheng)產(chan)多種中藥(yao)材,是(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)部(bu)分中藥(yao)材重要(yao)(yao)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。萊(lai)蕪北部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)綿延(yan)幾(ji)百(bai)公里(li),以丘陵地(di)(di)帶為(wei)(wei)主,溪水涓流,氣候適宜(yi),光(guang)照充分,降水量充足(zu),砂質(zhi)(zhi)土壤,水質(zhi)(zhi)無污染,地(di)(di)理(li)環境(jing)和(he)自(zi)然條件(jian)優越,是(shi)(shi)白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)理(li)想的(de)生長之地(di)(di)。白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)十幾(ji)年前(qian),已經幾(ji)乎滅絕,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)在山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)零(ling)星(xing)分布,為(wei)(wei)保護白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)這一(yi)(yi)野生稀有(you)物種,加快產(chan)業(ye)化研(yan)究開發,專項(xiang)成立了(le)(le)萊(lai)蕪泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)天然藥(yao)物研(yan)究所,取得少量白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)的(de)種子(zi),然后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)培育。基(ji)地(di)(di)設在萊(lai)蕪北部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)苗山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen),中心與(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)中醫藥(yao)大(da)學(xue)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)農業(ye)大(da)學(xue)、泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)醫學(xue)院等(deng)多家院校建立了(le)(le)長期合作關(guan)系(xi),主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)對山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)特產(chan)稀有(you)物種白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)系(xi)統研(yan)究,同時也為(wei)(wei)對白花(hua)(hua)(hua)丹(dan)參(can)(can)這一(yi)(yi)稀有(you)物種的(de)規模化和(he)產(chan)業(ye)化進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)系(xi)統的(de)研(yan)究和(he)實踐。
植物屬性
為多年(nian)生草本植物(wu),根肥厚,外(wai)面(mian)紅色(se)(se)。莖高40~80厘米,有(you)(you)長(chang)柔毛(mao)。葉(xie)常(chang)為單(dan)數羽狀,為復葉(xie);小葉(xie)1~3對,卵(luan)形(xing)或(huo)橢圓(yuan)狀卵(luan)形(xing),兩面(mian)有(you)(you)毛(mao)。花為白花,輪傘花序,組(zu)成頂生或(huo)腋生假(jia)總(zong)狀花序,密生腺毛(mao)或(huo)長(chang)柔毛(mao);苞 片披針(zhen)形(xing),花萼白色(se)(se),有(you)(you)11條(tiao)脈紋,長(chang)約11毫(hao)米,外(wai)有(you)(you)腺毛(mao),2唇(chun)(chun)形(xing),上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)闊(kuo)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing),頂端有(you)(you)。3個聚合小尖頭,下(xia)(xia)唇(chun)(chun)有(you)(you)2齒,三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)或(huo)近半圓(yuan)形(xing);花冠白色(se)(se),長(chang)2~2.7厘米,筒內(nei)有(you)(you)毛(mao)環,上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)鐮刀形(xing),下(xia)(xia)唇(chun)(chun)短(duan)于上(shang)唇(chun)(chun),3裂,中(zhong)間裂片最大;雄蕊著生下(xia)(xia)唇(chun)(chun)基(ji)部。小堅果黑色(se)(se),橢圓(yuan)形(xing)。花期4~6月;果期7~8月。
地域范圍
萊(lai)蕪(wu)白花丹參的地(di)域(yu)保護范圍為山(shan)東(dong)省萊(lai)蕪(wu)區境內(nei)。地(di)理位置在東(dong)徑117°19′~117°58′,北緯36°02′~36°33′,主要涉及(ji)苗山(shan)、和莊、茶葉、口鎮(zhen)、雪(xue)野、大王莊、高莊、牛(niu)泉、辛莊、里(li)辛、顏莊、黃莊、寨里(li)、羊里(li)、張家洼(wa)等15個(ge)鎮(zhen)(街道),56個(ge)行政村,總面積2000公頃(qing)。