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產品介紹

茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)阿(a)壩(ba)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)羌族(zu)自治(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)，是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)羌民族(zu)聚居地(di)，占全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)羌族(zu)總人口的(de)(de)(de)30.5%。據《舊唐(tang)書(shu)》、《茂(mao)(mao)州(zhou)(zhou)志》記載(zai)：茂(mao)(mao)州(zhou)(zhou)“以郡(jun)界茂(mao)(mao)濕山為(wei)名”，唐(tang)代(dai)至民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)均用此(ci)名。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)，汶川(chuan)(chuan)、理(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合并置茂(mao)(mao)汶羌族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)撤自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，茂(mao)(mao)汶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)仍置茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。因此(ci)，茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)區(qu)出(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)一(yi)直被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“茂(mao)(mao)汶蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)”。 茂(mao)(mao)汶蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠久，清(qing)朝末期(qi)，蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)由英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)教士(shi)引進(jin)并少量栽培。據《阿(a)壩(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)志》、《茂(mao)(mao)汶羌族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記載(zai)，民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)25、28、35年(nian)(nian)(nian)，茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陳氏父子先后(hou)從(cong)四川(chuan)(chuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業改(gai)進(jin)所引進(jin)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)苗百(bai)余(yu)(yu)株(zhu)在(zai)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)栽培獲得(de)成(cheng)功，引進(jin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)是金(jin)冠(guan)，紅(hong)星(xing)，紅(hong)冠(guan)等。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)，川(chuan)(chuan)西農(nong)(nong)(nong)業廳及四川(chuan)(chuan)大(da)(da)學園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藝系師生來到茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行綜(zong)合考察，得(de)出(chu)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)自然地(di)理(li)條件適宜(yi)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)生長的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)論。上世紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)引進(jin)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)砧木苗木和品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)50余(yu)(yu)個(ge)(ge)，逐漸發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)為(wei)西南(nan)地(di)區(qu)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源最豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)。 隨(sui)著(zhu)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)至60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先后(hou)建(jian)成(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)營鳳(feng)儀、鳳(feng)毛坪、大(da)(da)河壩(ba)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)，1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)立21個(ge)(ge)鄉園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)，蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)達(da)(da)50萬株(zhu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量達(da)(da)700萬斤左右。“金(jin)冠(guan)，紅(hong)星(xing)，紅(hong)冠(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)1963、1964、1975、1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)四次被(bei)評為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)名，三次被(bei)評為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)(you)秀水果(guo)(guo)稱(cheng)號；1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“紅(hong)星(xing)，紅(hong)冠(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運往香港市(shi)場(chang)譽勝美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“蛇(she)果(guo)(guo)”；1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)漁業部(bu)(bu)、外(wai)貿(mao)部(bu)(bu)、供銷合作總社在(zai)京(jing)召開全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鑒定會(hui)，“紅(hong)冠(guan)”“金(jin)冠(guan)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)評為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之冠(guan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)，茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)出(chu)把發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)作為(wei)搞活農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)頭產(chan)業。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)，茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被(bei)確定為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)優(you)(you)秀蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)基地(di)建(jian)設縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，同年(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)漁業部(bu)(bu)、省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業廳、州(zhou)(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)局投資120萬元，在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城建(jian)500噸(dun)儲(chu)藏(zang)(zang)冷(leng)庫。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)儲(chu)藏(zang)(zang)保鮮量突破100萬斤。 從(cong)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中后(hou)期(qi)開始，茂(mao)(mao)汶蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)通過改(gai)造低產(chan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、人工授粉、套袋技術(shu)、高接換(huan)代(dai)、地(di)膜覆蓋等新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)實施，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)均有不同程(cheng)度(du)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)，產(chan)量穩定增長，質(zhi)量明顯提(ti)高。目前，茂(mao)(mao)汶蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積突破25000畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)量達(da)(da)50000噸(dun)，已成(cheng)為(wei)促進(jin)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)產(chan)業之一(yi)。“十(shi)二五”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業和農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃提(ti)綱中計劃提(ti)升改(gai)造果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)35000萬畝(mu)(mu)，通過項目建(jian)設，調整果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和熟期(qi)結(jie)構，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)內名優(you)(you)新(xin)(xin)(xin)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)例(li)達(da)(da)到60%以上，優(you)(you)質(zhi)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)率達(da)(da)到70%以上。

自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

茂汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產區(qu)地(di)(di)貌(mao)以高山峽(xia)谷(gu)為主，境(jing)內高山聳立，河(he)流深切，地(di)(di)勢西北(bei)(bei)高、東(dong)南(nan)低(di)(di)，東(dong)部(bu)土門(men)地(di)(di)區(qu)山勢、谷(gu)坡較為低(di)(di)緩。山峰(feng)多(duo)(duo)在(zai)海(hai)拔4000m左右，相對高度1500-2500m，最高海(hai)拔5230m，最低(di)(di)海(hai)拔890m。產區(qu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造復雜(za)，巖(yan)層(ceng)有(you)(you)夾沙灰、黑色頁巖(yan)、砂板(ban)巖(yan)、火成巖(yan)等，土壤以暗棕(zong)壤、褐土、棕(zong)壤為主，pH值6.0-8.0，有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量高，適合蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)種植。茂汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產區(qu)屬(shu)北(bei)(bei)亞熱帶氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，立體垂直氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)征明顯，表現為干燥多(duo)(duo)風，冬冷(leng)夏涼、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大、地(di)(di)區(qu)差異大。產區(qu)年均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.2℃，最低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-11.6℃，最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃，年平均日(ri)照(zhao)數1557小時，年降(jiang)水量490毫米，平均蒸發量1375毫米，無(wu)霜期215天。冬長無(wu)夏、春(chun)秋(qiu)季(ji)相連，春(chun)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)回升快，氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)年較差小，日(ri)較差大，空氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量好，無(wu)工(gong)業污(wu)染，有(you)(you)利(li)于蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)開花結實和光合產物積(ji)累(lei)。得天獨厚(hou)的(de)生態環境(jing)造就了茂汶(wen)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)肉質(zhi)(zhi)脆嫩、細膩化渣、風味濃郁的(de)特(te)點。

地域范圍

茂(mao)(mao)汶蘋果(guo)產(chan)于四(si)川(chuan)省阿(a)壩藏族羌族自治州(zhou)茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)，農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保(bao)護范圍包括茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)南(nan)新鎮、鳳儀鎮、溝口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胃(wei)門(men)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、永和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、回龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)、飛紅鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黑虎鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)、曲谷鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雅都鄉(xiang)(xiang)、太(tai)平鄉(xiang)(xiang)、疊溪鎮、石大關鄉(xiang)(xiang)、松(song)坪溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、洼底(di)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、白溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、土(tu)門(men)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)興鄉(xiang)(xiang)等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)（鎮）。地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經102°56ˊ-104°10ˊ，北(bei)緯31°24-32°17之(zhi)間，茂(mao)(mao)縣(xian)地(di)處四(si)川(chuan)省西北(bei)部，阿(a)壩藏族羌族自治州(zhou)東(dong)南(nan)部，東(dong)與北(bei)川(chuan)、安(an)縣(xian)、綿(mian)竹三縣(xian)毗連，南(nan)接什邡(fang)、彭縣(xian)、汶川(chuan)縣(xian)，西與理縣(xian)、黒水(shui)接壤，北(bei)臨松(song)潘(pan)縣(xian)境(jing)。保(bao)護面積(ji)96000畝，年產(chan)量19.2萬(wan)噸(dun)。

品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特征：茂汶蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實中(zhong)大，短圓柱形(xing)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)面底色黃(huang)色，著片狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)粉(fen)紅暈，果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小(xiao)而稀(xi)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂萼(e)(e)洼窄，較深、有(you)(you)淺的棱狀(zhuang)突起(qi)，萼(e)(e)片宿存，果(guo)(guo)(guo)柄細。果(guo)(guo)(guo)心(xin)較大、種子(zi)小(xiao)、五(wu)心(xin)室(shi)，每(mei)室(shi)著生(sheng)1-2粒(li)種子(zi)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃(huang)白色，質地脆(cui)、味(wei)濃，純甜、有(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei)，汁液中(zhong)等(deng)。?

（2）內在品質指(zhi)標(biao)：茂(mao)汶(wen)蘋果可食率≥80%，可溶性(xing)固形物≥11%，含有豐(feng)富的(de)維生素C，硬度(du)大、耐貯(zhu)藏。