多年生草本(ben),高60~l00cm。莖(jing)帶紫色(se),光(guang)滑,有(you)槽紋。莖(jing)身葉及(ji)莖(jing)下(xia)部葉三角形,2~3回三出式羽狀(zhuang)全(quan)裂(lie),最終裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)長圓形,兩面均被短柔(rou)毛(mao),邊(bian)緣有(you)不整齊重鋸齒;莖(jing)上部葉簡化成葉鞘(qiao)。復傘(san)形花序(xu)密被黃色(se)柔(rou)毛(mao);傘(san)幅(fu)10~25;小總苞片(pian)(pian)5~8;花梗15~30;花白色(se)。雙(shuang)懸(xuan)果長圓形,側棱翅(chi)狀(zhuang)。花期7~9月,果期9~10月。生于山谷溝邊(bian)或(huo)草叢中;有(you)栽培。
形態特征
多年生(sheng)高大草本。根(gen)類圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),棕褐色長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)15厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑1-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)特殊香氣。莖(jing)高1-2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),粗至(zhi)(zhi)1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中空,常帶紫色,光滑或(huo)(huo)稍有(you)(you)(you)(you)淺縱溝紋,上部有(you)(you)(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)二回(hui)(hui)三(san)出式羽(yu)狀(zhuang)全裂,寬(kuan)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20-30 (40) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15-25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);莖(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達30-50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基部膨(peng)大成長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管狀(zhuang)、半抱莖(jing)的(de)厚膜質(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,開(kai)展,背(bei)面(mian)(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)稍被(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao),末回(hui)(hui)裂片(pian)膜質(zhi),卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.5-18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-6.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)漸尖(jian),基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不整(zheng)齊的(de)尖(jian)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi),或(huo)(huo)重鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi),齒(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)內(nei)曲的(de)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)尖(jian)頭(tou),頂生(sheng)的(de)末回(hui)(hui)裂片(pian)多3深裂,基部常沿(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)軸下(xia)延成翅狀(zhuang),側生(sheng)的(de)具短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)柄或(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)柄,兩面(mian)(mian)沿(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)脈及邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao)。序托(tuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)簡化成囊狀(zhuang)膨(peng)大的(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao),偶被(bei)疏短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)。復傘(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序頂生(sheng)和側生(sheng),花(hua)序梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-16 (20) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao);總(zong)苞片(pian)1,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)毛(mao),早落;傘(san)輻10-25,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao);傘(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序有(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)17-28 (36) 朵;小總(zong)苞片(pian)5-10,闊披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),比(bi)花(hua)柄短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),頂端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)尖(jian),背(bei)面(mian)(mian)及邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)。花(hua)白(bai)色,無(wu)(wu)萼齒(chi)(chi)(chi),花(hua)瓣倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂端(duan)內(nei)凹(ao),花(hua)柱基扁圓盤狀(zhuang)。果實橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),側翅與果體(ti)等寬(kuan)或(huo)(huo)略狹,背(bei)棱線形(xing)(xing)(xing),隆(long)起,棱槽間有(you)(you)(you)(you)油管 (1) 2-3,合生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)油管2-4 (6)。花(hua)期8-9月,果期9-10月。
生長環境
平均海(hai)拔1700米的西淌村,山大人稀、森林植被(bei)密集覆蓋、土(tu)壤肥沃,是獨活(huo)的最佳生長地帶之一,所產獨活(huo)藥效好,市場俏,被(bei)譽為巴(ba)東(dong)獨活(huo)。
藥材性狀
藥材略呈圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing),下(xia)部(bu)2~3分枝或(huo)(huo)更多,長(chang)10~30cm。根頭部(bu)膨大(da),圓(yuan)錐狀,多橫皺紋,直徑1.5~3cm,頂端有莖、葉的殘基或(huo)(huo)凹陷。表面(mian)灰(hui)褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)棕(zong)(zong)褐(he)色(se)(se),具縱皺紋,有隆起的橫長(chang)皮孔及稍突起的細根痕(hen)。質(zhi)較(jiao)硬,受(shou)潮(chao)則變軟,斷面(mian)皮部(bu)灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se),有多數散在的棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)油(you)室,木(mu)部(bu)灰(hui)黃色(se)(se)至黃棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se),形(xing)(xing)成層環棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)。有特異香(xiang)氣,味苦(ku)、辛,微麻舌。
地理標志
巴東(dong)(dong)(dong)獨(du)活(huo)(huo)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)為湖北(bei)省巴東(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)溪丘灣(wan)鄉、沿渡河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、茶(cha)店(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、綠蔥坡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大支坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、野三關鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清太(tai)平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水布(bu)埡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金(jin)果坪鄉等9個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)現轄(xia)行政區(qu)域。巴東(dong)(dong)(dong)獨(du)活(huo)(huo)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)生產(chan)者,可向湖北(bei)省巴東(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督(du)(du)局提出使用"地理標志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)專用標志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)"的(de)申請,經湖北(bei)省質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督(du)(du)局審核(he),由國家(jia)質(zhi)(zhi)檢總局公(gong)告(gao)批(pi)準。巴東(dong)(dong)(dong)獨(du)活(huo)(huo)的(de)法定(ding)檢測機構(gou)由湖北(bei)省質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督(du)(du)局負責(ze)指定(ding)。