多年(nian)生草本,高60~l00cm。莖(jing)帶紫色(se),光(guang)滑,有槽(cao)紋(wen)。莖(jing)身葉(xie)及莖(jing)下部葉(xie)三角形(xing),2~3回三出(chu)式(shi)羽狀全裂,最(zui)終(zhong)裂片(pian)長(chang)圓形(xing),兩面均被(bei)短柔(rou)毛(mao),邊緣(yuan)有不(bu)整齊(qi)重(zhong)鋸(ju)齒;莖(jing)上部葉(xie)簡化成葉(xie)鞘。復傘(san)(san)形(xing)花序(xu)密被(bei)黃色(se)柔(rou)毛(mao);傘(san)(san)幅10~25;小總苞(bao)片(pian)5~8;花梗15~30;花白色(se)。雙懸果長(chang)圓形(xing),側棱翅(chi)狀。花期7~9月(yue),果期9~10月(yue)。生于山谷溝(gou)邊或(huo)草叢中;有栽培。
形態特征
多(duo)年生高(gao)大(da)草本(ben)。根類(lei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),棕褐色長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至15厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),徑1-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)特殊香氣。莖高(gao)1-2米(mi)(mi),粗至1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),中空(kong),常(chang)帶紫色,光滑或稍有(you)(you)(you)淺縱溝紋,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)二回三出(chu)式(shi)羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)全裂(lie),寬(kuan)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20-30 (40) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15-25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);莖生葉(xie)葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達30-50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)膨大(da)成長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、半抱莖的(de)(de)厚膜質葉(xie)鞘,開(kai)展,背(bei)(bei)面(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)或稍被(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),末回裂(lie)片(pian)膜質,卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.5-18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-6.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)漸尖(jian),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣有(you)(you)(you)不整齊的(de)(de)尖(jian)鋸(ju)(ju)齒(chi),或重鋸(ju)(ju)齒(chi),齒(chi)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)內(nei)曲(qu)的(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)尖(jian)頭,頂生的(de)(de)末回裂(lie)片(pian)多(duo)3深裂(lie),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)常(chang)沿(yan)葉(xie)軸下延成翅(chi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),側生的(de)(de)具短(duan)(duan)柄(bing)或無(wu)(wu)柄(bing),兩(liang)面(mian)沿(yan)葉(xie)脈及邊緣有(you)(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。序托葉(xie)簡化成囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)膨大(da)的(de)(de)葉(xie)鞘,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao),偶(ou)被(bei)疏短(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)。復傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序頂生和側生,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-16 (20) 厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao);總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)1,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)鉆(zhan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)(you)緣毛(mao)(mao),早落(luo);傘輻10-25,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)(mao);傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)17-28 (36) 朵;小總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)5-10,闊披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),比(bi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柄(bing)短(duan)(duan),頂端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)尖(jian),背(bei)(bei)面(mian)及邊緣被(bei)短(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)白色,無(wu)(wu)萼齒(chi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣倒卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂端(duan)內(nei)凹,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)基(ji)扁圓(yuan)盤(pan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。果實橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-5毫米(mi)(mi),側翅(chi)與果體等寬(kuan)或略狹,背(bei)(bei)棱線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),隆(long)起,棱槽間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)油(you)管 (1) 2-3,合(he)生面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)油(you)管2-4 (6)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期8-9月,果期9-10月。
生長環境
平(ping)均海(hai)拔1700米的(de)西淌(tang)村,山大人稀、森林植(zhi)被密集覆蓋、土壤肥沃,是(shi)獨活的(de)最佳生長地(di)帶之一,所產獨活藥效好,市場俏,被譽為巴(ba)東獨活。
藥材性狀
藥材略(lve)呈圓(yuan)柱形,下部(bu)2~3分(fen)枝或(huo)更多(duo),長(chang)10~30cm。根(gen)頭部(bu)膨大,圓(yuan)錐狀,多(duo)橫皺(zhou)紋(wen),直徑1.5~3cm,頂端有莖(jing)、葉的殘基或(huo)凹陷。表面灰褐(he)色(se)或(huo)棕(zong)(zong)褐(he)色(se),具縱(zong)皺(zhou)紋(wen),有隆起的橫長(chang)皮孔及稍突起的細根(gen)痕。質較硬,受(shou)潮則變軟,斷面皮部(bu)灰白色(se),有多(duo)數散在的棕(zong)(zong)色(se)油室,木部(bu)灰黃色(se)至黃棕(zong)(zong)色(se),形成層環棕(zong)(zong)色(se)。有特異香氣,味(wei)苦、辛,微(wei)麻(ma)舌。
地理標志
巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)(dong)獨(du)(du)活(huo)地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品保護范圍(wei)為湖北省巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)(dong)縣溪丘灣鄉、沿渡河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、茶(cha)店(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、綠蔥坡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)支(zhi)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、野三關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清(qing)太平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)布埡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金(jin)果坪(ping)鄉等(deng)9個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)現轄行政區(qu)域。巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)(dong)獨(du)(du)活(huo)地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品保護范圍(wei)內(nei)的生(sheng)產(chan)者,可向(xiang)湖北省巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)(dong)縣質(zhi)量技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)監(jian)督(du)局(ju)提出使用"地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)品專用標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)"的申請,經湖北省質(zhi)量技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)監(jian)督(du)局(ju)審核(he),由(you)國家質(zhi)檢總局(ju)公告(gao)批準。巴(ba)(ba)東(dong)(dong)獨(du)(du)活(huo)的法定檢測機構由(you)湖北省質(zhi)量技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)監(jian)督(du)局(ju)負責指定。