一.產品介紹
甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)古稱(cheng)冀(ji),公元前688年(秦武公十年)建縣(xian)(xian), 迄今有(you)2680年,為全國縣(xian)(xian)制肇始(shi)之(zhi)地(di),有(you)“華夏第一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。是(shi)人(ren)文始(shi)祖伏羲氏、孔子七十二賢人(ren)之(zhi)一(yi)石作蜀(shu)、清初翰林院侍讀學士(shi)鞏建豐等名(ming)人(ren)先賢的生息之(zhi)地(di),是(shi)三國蜀(shu)漢大(da)(da)(da)將軍姜維(wei)等名(ming)人(ren)先賢誕生之(zhi)地(di),世(shi)稱(cheng)姜維(wei)故里。甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)農業的發展(zhan)歷(li)史悠久(jiu),甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)獨(du)特的地(di)理位置是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國北方大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的適宜栽培(pei)黃金(jin)緯(wei)度區之(zhi)一(yi)。甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)蔬(shu)(shu)菜歷(li)史悠久(jiu),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多,品質優良(liang),甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)在明未清初就(jiu)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。據甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)記載:“清初主(zhu)要(yao)蔬(shu)(shu)菜有(you)芹、韭(jiu)、蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、蒜(suan)、薤(xie)、茄、白菜、菠菱、甜菠菜、蘿(luo)卜(黃、自、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、青4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、芫荽、五(wu)撮、苣荬、馬齒莧(xian)、茨(慈姑)、椿(chun)頭、王(wang)瓜(gua)(gua)(黃瓜(gua)(gua))、甜瓜(gua)(gua)、西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)、冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)、南瓜(gua)(gua)、葫(hu)蘆。蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蒜(suan)類(lei)有(you)12個品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):紅(hong)(hong)(hong)根(gen)韭(jiu)、白根(gen)韭(jiu)、馬蓮韭(jiu)、四川(chuan)冬(dong)韭(jiu)、漢中(zhong)(zhong)冬(dong)韭(jiu)、甜蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、白蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、小蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、龍蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、洋蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)蒜(suan)、白蒜(suan)。” 甘(gan)(gan)谷(gu)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)生產(chan)距今已有(you)上百(bai)年歷(li)史,特別是(shi)1987年就(jiu)形成(cheng)了一(yi)定的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),1992年大(da)(da)(da)規模種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),特選大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、鐵稈王(wang)等優良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的引進,經本地(di)改造、選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),成(cheng)為高產(chan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),形成(cheng)了以新興鎮雒家村為主(zhu)的大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di),大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積1.8萬余畝(mu),平均畝(mu)產(chan)5000 kg,總產(chan)量(liang)6.88萬噸。因其蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白長﹑產(chan)量(liang)高﹑品味濃郁在短短幾十年中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)為我縣(xian)(xian)蔬(shu)(shu)菜的主(zhu)打產(chan)品之(zhi)一(yi)。
二(er).自然生態環境和(he)人文(wen)歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況 大蔥(cong)生(sheng)長(chang)要求以(yi)土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)、排水良好(hao)(hao)、富(fu)含有機(ji)質(zhi)的(de)(de)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)最好(hao)(hao),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)酸堿度(du)為(wei)(wei)pH7.0~7.5,甘谷大蔥(cong)產區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)黃綿土(tu)(tu),壚(lu)土(tu)(tu)和淀土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),質(zhi)地(di)疏松,通(tong)透性好(hao)(hao),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)耕作,呈弱堿性,pH值7.5-8,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力較(jiao)高,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)含有豐富(fu)的(de)(de)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素和礦(kuang)物質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)有機(ji)質(zhi)1%左右,全氮0.052%,全磷(lin)0.147%,速效(xiao)氮含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)43.34mg/kg,速效(xiao)磷(lin)含量(liang)(liang)5.03mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀含量(liang)(liang)117.24mg/kg,加之施用腐殖質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)有機(ji)肥(fei)、豆(dou)粉(fen)等,極適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)大蔥(cong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發育。
2、水文(wen)情況 我縣(xian)地(di)域遼闊,渭河由西向東橫(heng)貫全縣(xian),土(tu)壤、水、氣(qi)資(zi)源污染(ran)少,年平均降雨量451mm,雨量分(fen)布由南(nan)向北(bei)遞(di)減,空氣(qi)較干燥。甘谷(gu)(gu)大蔥產地(di)地(di)處甘谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)渭河南(nan)北(bei)淺山區(qu),土(tu)壤灌溉(gai)主(zhu)要以純凈無污染(ran)的地(di)下水澆灌為主(zhu),以自然降水為輔。
3、氣候(hou)情況 甘(gan)(gan)谷縣位于甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)東南(nan)部,典(dian)型(xing)的(de)大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)風氣候(hou)。四季(ji)分明,年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)11.5 ℃,其中最高(7月(yue))月(yue)均氣溫(wen)25.4 ℃,最低(di)(1月(yue))月(yue)均氣溫(wen)-1.1 ℃,夏(xia)熱無酷暑,冬(dong)冷無嚴寒。全(quan)年日照(zhao)2350小(xiao)時(shi)左右,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,日照(zhao)率約50%,無霜期(qi)196天左右。年均降水量451mm左右,分布(bu)極(ji)(ji)不均勻,一(yi)般(ban)一(yi)至(zhi)三月(yue)雨量偏少,七至(zhi)九月(yue)雨水較多,冬(dong)干夏(xia)濕。適合北方大部分農(nong)作物(wu)生長,特別是對蔬菜(cai)的(de)種植極(ji)(ji)為有利,“六月(yue)壅,七月(yue)上,八月(yue)再看蔥發旺”,8月(yue)份大蔥進(jin)入旺盛生長期(qi),因(yin)而尤其適合大蔥種植。
三.地域范圍
甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)肅省東(dong)南(nan)部(bu),天(tian)水市(shi)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu),渭(wei)(wei)河(he)上游,渭(wei)(wei)河(he)由(you)西(xi)(xi)東(dong)橫貫全縣(xian),境內長度41.6公(gong)里。地(di)處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)104°58′至105°31′,北(bei)緯34°31′至35°03′之間,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)境內山(shan)多(duo)川少,氣(qi)候干燥(zao),典型的大陸性季風氣(qi)候。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)東(dong)鄰秦(qin)安(an)縣(xian)、麥積(ji)區,南(nan)接秦(qin)州(zhou)區、禮縣(xian),西(xi)(xi)與武(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)交(jiao)界,北(bei)與通渭(wei)(wei)縣(xian)相(xiang)連。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大蔥產地(di)地(di)處(chu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)縣(xian)新(xin)興鎮(zhen)北(bei)淺(qian)山(shan)區,該區域海拔(ba)1400-1600m,為(wei)(wei)黃土梁狀山(shan)地(di),土質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)黃綿土,有(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)豐(feng)富,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫11.5 ℃,年(nian)(nian)日照時數2131小時,無(wu)霜期196天(tian),年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)451mm;地(di)勢平(ping)坦、土層深厚、空(kong)氣(qi)清(qing)新(xin)、光照充足(zu)、灌溉條件(jian)良好、水質(zhi)純凈無(wu)污染、區域內無(wu)工業污染,為(wei)(wei)天(tian)然綠色食品(pin)生產區。 甘(gan)(gan)(gan)谷(gu)(gu)大蔥實(shi)施地(di)理標志產品(pin)保(bao)護范圍(wei)涉及新(xin)興、磐安(an)、六峰、大像山(shan)鎮(zhen)、金(jin)山(shan)、八里灣、謝家(jia)灣、禮辛、安(an)遠9鄉鎮(zhen)99村(cun),目前,栽培面(mian)積(ji)達到1300公(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)產量(liang)達到5850噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官特征 甘谷大蔥(cong)植株高(gao)大,直(zhi)立性(xing)強,外形粗(cu)壯挺拔,假莖較長,蔥(cong)白長40—60厘(li)米(mi),徑(jing)1—2.5厘(li)米(mi),蔥(cong)葉色鮮綠(lv),管(guan)葉厚韌,質(zhi)地脆嫩,辣度適中,香辛(xin)濃郁,甘甜多汁,嚼之無絲,品質(zhi)上佳。
2、內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)(biao) 甘谷大蔥富含(han)多種(zhong)維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、擴物質(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)溶(rong)性糖(tang)等。其中:富含(han)多種(zhong)維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、礦(kuang)物質(zhi)(zhi)、可(ke)溶(rong)性糖(tang)等。其中干物質(zhi)(zhi)80—90g/kg,維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)C 75—80mg/kg,粗纖維(wei)(wei)9—10 g/kg,粗蛋白9.2—10.5 g/kg,可(ke)溶(rong)性糖(tang)38—46g/kg,維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)B10.3—0.2mg/kg, 維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su) B2 0.13—0.27mg/kg,磷0.21—028g/kg,鎂(mei)120—130mg/kg,鈣430—441mg/kg,鐵(tie)1.03—1.13mg/kg,鋅1.95—2.04mg/kg,硫0.31—0.36g/kg。農(nong)藥殘(can)留、重金屬(shu)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)均符合綠色(se)食品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準,甘谷大蔥的(de)理化(hua)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)達到綠色(se)食品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求。
3、安全要求(qiu) 甘谷大蔥(cong)產(chan)地(di)環境按照(zhao)NY/T 391(綠色食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun))執(zhi)行(xing)(xing);肥(fei)料使(shi)用按照(zhao)NY/T 394(綠色食(shi)品(pin)肥(fei)料使(shi)用準(zhun)則(ze))執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。甘谷縣對(dui)大蔥(cong)生產(chan)加工、包裝、貯運等(deng)一系列(lie)技術規范進行(xing)(xing)管理;農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用達到了NY/T 393(綠色食(shi)品(pin)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用準(zhun)則(ze))標(biao)準(zhun),嚴禁(jin)使(shi)用國家命令禁(jin)止使(shi)用的高劇毒(du)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全間(jian)隔(ge)期,經農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘毒(du)檢(jian)測合格(ge)方(fang)可上市。