馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)當地(di)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積最大(da)(da)而且栽(zai)培(pei)歷史最早的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),據滇(dian)東(dong)風(feng)物(wu)(wu)志記(ji)載:1954年(nian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委書記(ji)謝興方從山東(dong)引(yin)進旭、金帥、富(fu)士(shi)、國(guo)光等(deng)(deng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),取(qu)得成(cheng)功(gong),從此結束了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)“楊梅當水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”的時代。1973年(nian)隨著蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的增(zeng)加(jia),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積逐年(nian)擴大(da)(da),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)被云南(nan)省定為“優質蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)”,一九九五年(nian),農業(ye)局從日(ri)本(ben)、新西蘭引(yin)進皇(huang)家嘎啦(la)、藤牧(mu)一號(hao)等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積不斷(duan)擴大(da)(da),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)再(zai)次被云南(nan)省定為“早熟(shu)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)”,2000年(nian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)入中國(guo)現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)體系,從國(guo)內外引(yin)進蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30余個(ge)(ge),極大(da)(da)地(di)為豐富(fu)了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因成(cheng)熟(shu)早、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)、具有果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)光滑(hua)細膩、色(se)澤光亮、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉細膩、甘甜味厚、汁多無渣,硬度適(shi)中,清香可口,富(fu)含豐富(fu)的維(wei)生(sheng)素C、纖維(wei)素、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膠營養(yang)物(wu)(wu)質等(deng)(deng),深受消費者喜歡,目前市場供(gong)不應(ying)求。
馬龍縣(xian)根據(ju)地(di)理位(wei)置、氣(qi)候(hou)條件、土壤、海(hai)拔(ba)等自(zi)然條件,大力(li)發展以蘋果為代表(biao)的水(shui)果產(chan)業(ye),其(qi)生產(chan)規(gui)模逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)擴大,經濟(ji)效益逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)顯現,農(nong)民收入逐(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)提高,水(shui)果產(chan)業(ye)的發展已(yi)成為該縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)經濟(ji)增長,農(nong)民致富的又(you)一亮點。
目前,馬龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)種(zhong)植面(mian)積達2.42萬(wan)(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量1100萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值1950萬(wan)(wan)元。今年(nian)全(quan)縣共(gong)完成低產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)園改造(zao)500畝,高(gao)光(guang)效示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)1500畝,興辦高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)樣板4800畝,水果(guo)(guo)套袋600萬(wan)(wan)個。全(quan)縣有水果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會一(yi)個,企業(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)家(jia)。通(tong)過新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)引(yin)進(jin)示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang),獲得國家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)、財政部(bu)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)基地2個,馬龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)牌(pai)效應(ying)已(yi)經逐漸產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)。在抓好(hao)品(pin)牌(pai)效應(ying)的(de)(de)同時,加(jia)(jia)(jia)大現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系建設,于2009年(nian)1月加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)國家(jia)現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系,作為全(quan)省(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)國家(jia)現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系的(de)(de)7個縣之(zhi)一(yi),該縣加(jia)(jia)(jia)大低效蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)園改造(zao)關鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究與示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)矮砧栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究與示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);早(zao)熟蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)引(yin)進(jin)試驗示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);創(chuang)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展思路,加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)盆栽和(he)水果(guo)(guo)盆景的(de)(de)研發(fa)工(gong)作。抓好(hao)質(zhi)量安全(quan)。不斷(duan)提高(gao)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan),積極推(tui)(tui)進(jin)無公(gong)害標(biao)準化示(shi)范(fan)基地建設。通(tong)過重點推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)測土(tu)配方施肥、黃(huang)1蟲板、誘(you)蟲燈、水肥一(yi)體(ti)化、生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),切(qie)實(shi)保障水果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量安全(quan)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)大技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)服(fu)務。千(qian)方百計解決果(guo)(guo)農(nong)在水果(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)實(shi)際問題(ti),加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓,推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)套袋、貼(tie)字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)后包裝(zhuang),進(jin)一(yi)步提升果(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)量和(he)檔次,增加(jia)(jia)(jia)果(guo)(guo)農(nong)的(de)(de)效益(yi)。抓好(hao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)。通(tong)過高(gao)光(guang)效技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、下垂枝(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、簡易修剪技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、省(sheng)力化花果(guo)(guo)管理技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)土(tu)肥水管理技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)集成及先進(jin)實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)機械(xie)的(de)(de)應(ying)
今年,中國產業(ye)體(ti)系云南(nan)試(shi)驗站(zhan)病蟲害(hai)防控(kong)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)團(tuan)隊(dui)和中國蘋果產業(ye)技術(shu)體(ti)系首席科學家(jia)(jia)韓明玉(yu)一行,先后到馬龍調研蘋果產業(ye),對(dui)今后蘋果產業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)將起(qi)到巨大的(de)推動作(zuo)用,“馬龍蘋果”將大有作(zuo)為(wei)。
地域范圍
馬(ma)(ma)龍蘋(pin)果(guo)產(chan)于云南省曲靖(jing)市馬(ma)(ma)龍縣境內,種植區域(yu)涉(she)及(ji)通泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王家(jia)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)、月望(wang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、馬(ma)(ma)過(guo)河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、舊(jiu)縣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬(ma)(ma)鳴鄉(xiang)(xiang)、-鄉(xiang)(xiang)、納(na)章鎮(zhen)(zhen)八個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)理坐標:東經(jing)103°16'—103°45'、北(bei)緯25°08'—25°37'之間,南北(bei)長44.5km,東西(xi)寬47.25km,蘋(pin)果(guo)種植總面積(ji)2000公頃,年(nian)產(chan)量30000噸。
產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外(wai)在品質特征:馬龍蘋果(guo)(guo)“早熟(shu)型”果(guo)(guo)實(shi)圓臺、端(duan)正,“晚(wan)熟(shu)型”果(guo)(guo)實(shi)扁圓、不夠端(duan)正,果(guo)(guo)皮顏色鮮(xian)紅(hong)有(you)光澤,含糖量(liang)高、香(xiang)味(wei)濃,果(guo)(guo)肉細膩、甘甜味(wei)厚,質脆無渣、汁(zhi)多,營養豐富。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:馬龍(long)蘋果含(han)糖量(liang)高(gao)肉細膩、甘(gan)甜味厚(hou)、汁多無渣,硬度(du)適中,清香(xiang)可口等特(te)點。果實硬度(du)≥4(kg/平方厘米(mi)),可溶性固形物含(han)量(liang)≥15.0%,總含(han)糖量(liang)≥13.0%,鉀≥0.4%、鈣≥35%(mg/kg)、鐵≥3%(mg/kg)、鋅≥0.2%(mg/kg)、總氨基酸(suan)量(liang)≥0.85%,營(ying)養(yang)豐富。
(3)安全(quan)要求:馬龍(long)蘋果(guo)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)按(an)照(zhao)《NY5013-2006 無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品,林果(guo)類產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件》執行;產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量達到《NY5011-2006無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品 仁果(guo)類水果(guo)》產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量標準(zhun);生產(chan)(chan)過程控(kong)制按(an)照(zhao)《NY/T5012-2002 無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品 蘋果(guo)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規程》進行。