馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)當地(di)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積最(zui)大而且栽(zai)培歷史最(zui)早(zao)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),據滇東風(feng)物(wu)志記載:1954年(nian)(nian)馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)縣(xian)委書記謝興(xing)方從山(shan)東引進旭、金帥(shuai)、富(fu)士、國(guo)光等(deng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong),取得成功,從此(ci)結束了馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)“楊梅當水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”的(de)時代。1973年(nian)(nian)隨著蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia),種(zhong)(zhong)植面積逐年(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)大,馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)被(bei)云南省定(ding)為(wei)“優質蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)”,一(yi)九九五(wu)年(nian)(nian),農業(ye)局從日本、新(xin)西(xi)蘭引進皇家(jia)嘎(ga)啦、藤牧(mu)一(yi)號(hao)等(deng)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大,馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)再次被(bei)云南省定(ding)為(wei)“早(zao)熟蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)”,2000年(nian)(nian)馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)加(jia)入中(zhong)國(guo)現代蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)體系(xi),從國(guo)內外(wai)引進蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)30余個,極大地(di)為(wei)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)了馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)。馬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因成熟早(zao)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個大、具(ju)有果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面光滑細(xi)膩(ni)(ni)、色澤光亮、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉細(xi)膩(ni)(ni)、甘甜味厚、汁多無渣,硬(ying)度適中(zhong),清香可口,富(fu)含豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C、纖維(wei)素(su)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膠營(ying)養物(wu)質等(deng),深受(shou)消費者喜歡(huan),目前市場供不(bu)應(ying)求(qiu)。
馬龍縣根據地理位置、氣候(hou)條(tiao)件、土壤、海拔等自然條(tiao)件,大(da)力發展(zhan)以蘋果(guo)為(wei)代表(biao)的水果(guo)產業,其生產規(gui)模(mo)逐年(nian)擴大(da),經濟效益(yi)逐年(nian)顯現,農民收入逐年(nian)提高,水果(guo)產業的發展(zhan)已成為(wei)該縣農業經濟增長,農民致富的又一亮點。
目前,馬(ma)龍蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種植面積(ji)達2.42萬畝(mu),年產(chan)(chan)量1100萬公斤,產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)1950萬元(yuan)。今(jin)年全(quan)縣(xian)共完成(cheng)低產(chan)(chan)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)改造(zao)500畝(mu),高(gao)光效(xiao)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)1500畝(mu),興辦高(gao)產(chan)(chan)樣板4800畝(mu),水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋600萬個。全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)協會一(yi)個,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。通過新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang),獲得國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)、財政部(bu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地2個,馬(ma)龍蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)應(ying)已經逐漸產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)。在抓(zhua)(zhua)好品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)同時,加(jia)大現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體系(xi)建(jian)設,于2009年1月(yue)加(jia)入國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體系(xi),作為全(quan)省加(jia)入國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)現(xian)代蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)7個縣(xian)之一(yi),該(gai)縣(xian)加(jia)大低效(xiao)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)改造(zao)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究與示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang);蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矮砧(zhen)栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研究與示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang);早(zao)熟蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新品(pin)(pin)種引進(jin)試驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang);創(chuang)新產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)思路,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)盆(pen)栽和(he)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)盆(pen)景的(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)工作。抓(zhua)(zhua)好質量安全(quan)。不斷提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan),積(ji)極推(tui)(tui)進(jin)無公害標(biao)準化示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地建(jian)設。通過重(zhong)點推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)測土配方施(shi)肥、黃(huang)1蟲板、誘蟲燈(deng)、水(shui)肥一(yi)體化、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),切實(shi)保障水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)質量安全(quan)。加(jia)大技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指導服務(wu)。千方百計解決果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)在水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際問題,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指導和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培(pei)訓,推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)套袋、貼字技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采后包(bao)裝,進(jin)一(yi)步提升果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)質量和(he)檔次,增(zeng)加(jia)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益。抓(zhua)(zhua)好新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)和(he)應(ying)用。通過高(gao)光效(xiao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、下垂枝(zhi)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、簡易修剪(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、省力化花果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)土肥水(shui)管理(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)集成(cheng)及先進(jin)實(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)
今年,中國產業體(ti)系云南試(shi)驗站病蟲害防控(kong)專家團隊和中國蘋(pin)果(guo)產業技術體(ti)系首席科(ke)學家韓明玉(yu)一行,先后(hou)(hou)到(dao)馬龍調研蘋(pin)果(guo)產業,對今后(hou)(hou)蘋(pin)果(guo)產業的發展將起到(dao)巨大的推動作用,“馬龍蘋(pin)果(guo)”將大有(you)作為。
地域范圍
馬(ma)龍蘋(pin)果產(chan)于云南(nan)(nan)省曲靖市馬(ma)龍縣境內,種植區域涉及通泉鎮(zhen)、王(wang)家莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、月望鄉、馬(ma)過河鎮(zhen)、舊縣鎮(zhen)、馬(ma)鳴(ming)鄉、-鄉、納章鎮(zhen)八個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),地理坐標:東(dong)經103°16'—103°45'、北(bei)(bei)緯25°08'—25°37'之間,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長44.5km,東(dong)西(xi)寬47.25km,蘋(pin)果種植總面積2000公頃(qing),年產(chan)量30000噸。
產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在品質(zhi)特(te)征:馬龍蘋(pin)果(guo)“早熟型(xing)”果(guo)實圓臺、端正,“晚熟型(xing)”果(guo)實扁圓、不夠端正,果(guo)皮顏色鮮紅有光澤(ze),含糖量高、香味(wei)濃,果(guo)肉(rou)細膩、甘(gan)甜味(wei)厚,質(zhi)脆無渣、汁(zhi)多,營(ying)養豐富。
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標(biao):馬龍蘋果含糖量(liang)高肉(rou)細膩、甘甜味厚、汁多無渣,硬(ying)度適中,清香可(ke)口等特點。果實硬(ying)度≥4(kg/平方(fang)厘米),可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物含量(liang)≥15.0%,總含糖量(liang)≥13.0%,鉀≥0.4%、鈣(gai)≥35%(mg/kg)、鐵(tie)≥3%(mg/kg)、鋅≥0.2%(mg/kg)、總氨基酸量(liang)≥0.85%,營(ying)養豐富。
(3)安全要求:馬龍(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境按(an)照《NY5013-2006 無公害食(shi)品(pin),林果類產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境條件》執(zhi)行(xing);產(chan)品(pin)質量達到《NY5011-2006無公害食(shi)品(pin) 仁果類水(shui)果》產(chan)品(pin)質量標準;生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程控(kong)制按(an)照《NY/T5012-2002 無公害食(shi)品(pin) 蘋(pin)(pin)果生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》進行(xing)。