一.產品介紹

永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)起源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)野生(sheng)鴻雁(yan)，是(shi)鴨科雁(yan)屬(shu)鴻雁(yan)的(de)(de)一(yi)個變種(zhong)(zhong)，據(ju)《大(da)(da)(da)理(li)州地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》記載，1263年(nian)(nian)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)族紇(he)氏(shi)開始馴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)（鴻雁(yan)），迄今為(wei)止已有(you)750多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)回(hui)(hui)族農民在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)環境(jing)(jing)、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料條件、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)習慣(guan)(guan)下(xia)，在(zai)(zai)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，經(jing)精(jing)心選(xuan)(xuan)留、馴養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培育和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)(xuan)擇，逐步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了獨具特性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)優良(liang)(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，具有(you)遺(yi)傳(chuan)力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)，喙、羽毛、肉(rou)瘤、頸、肉(rou)色(se)、膚(fu)色(se)、體(ti)型(xing)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能、繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能遺(yi)傳(chuan)穩定(ding)(ding)，毛色(se)純凈、繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)高(gao)(gao)、就巢性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、早期(qi)(qi)生(sheng)長(chang)速度快、耐粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)本低、抗病力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)、肉(rou)味鮮美(mei)、鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肥肝大(da)(da)(da)、油脂含(han)量高(gao)(gao)等特質(zhi)。1980年(nian)(nian)收(shou)錄于(yu)《大(da)(da)(da)理(li)州地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》，1987年(nian)(nian)收(shou)錄于(yu)《云南省(sheng)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》。2010年(nian)(nian)7月經(jing)國(guo)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)遺(yi)傳(chuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)委員會審定(ding)(ding)、鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)通過(guo)，將永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)優良(liang)(liang)(liang)家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)確定(ding)(ding)為(wei)云南鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)，列入國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)遺(yi)傳(chuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)錄，并(bing)將永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心產(chan)(chan)區。永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)曾在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央電視(shi)臺(tai)七(qi)套《致富經(jing)》作(zuo)過(guo)專(zhuan)題報道，加工(gong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)昆明國(guo)際旅(lv)游節商品(pin)(pin)(pin)展銷會上(shang)評為(wei)“名(ming)特優旅(lv)游商品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)(jiang)”；“永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)”曾連續三年(nian)(nian)獲(huo)得大(da)(da)(da)理(li)州三月街(jie)民族節展銷產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)“金花獎(jiang)(jiang)”。 永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)屬(shu)北亞(ya)熱帶高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)季風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，由于(yu)海拔(ba)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)區環境(jing)(jing)等因素的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，“一(yi)山分四季，隔里不同天”的(de)(de)立體(ti)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征。境(jing)(jing)內河流(liu)眾(zhong)多(duo)，水源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)好，自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態條件為(wei)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)提供了良(liang)(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)環境(jing)(jing)，在(zai)(zai)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)海拔(ba)1800m以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)江河流(liu)域、湖泊、池(chi)塘(tang)、水溝、沼(zhao)澤地(di)(di)等水資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)亞(ya)熱帶地(di)(di)段都(dou)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模的(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)群眾(zhong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)雛鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)有(you)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂碎玉米的(de)(de)習慣(guan)(guan)，種(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)和(he)(he)雌鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)糧食作(zuo)物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)玉米、麥子為(wei)主，多(duo)采(cai)取(qu)自(zi)由放養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，使其在(zai)(zai)河流(liu)、池(chi)塘(tang)、沼(zhao)澤地(di)(di)、水溝邊得到(dao)充分活動，并(bing)可(ke)獲(huo)得較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)礦(kuang)物質(zhi)、青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料、蟲類等天然(ran)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料。白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是(shi)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)民的(de)(de)主食品(pin)(pin)(pin)之一(yi)，鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)油亦是(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)回(hui)(hui)民攝取(qu)脂肪的(de)(de)主要(yao)途徑之一(yi)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)民傳(chuan)統習慣(guan)(guan)是(shi)每年(nian)(nian)10月陸續宰后(hou)腌(a)制成(cheng)(cheng)臘鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)，作(zuo)為(wei)訪友待(dai)客(ke)或禮品(pin)(pin)(pin)相送。加上(shang)回(hui)(hui)族群眾(zhong)宗(zong)教信仰的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，有(you)“只是(shi)回(hui)(hui)民中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)買(mai)賣或外(wai)賣，但卻不與漢(han)人買(mai)”的(de)(de)習慣(guan)(guan)，進(jin)行自(zi)繁自(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。經(jing)過(guo)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)選(xuan)(xuan)育，一(yi)些優良(liang)(liang)(liang)基因得到(dao)擴大(da)(da)(da)、發(fa)(fa)展、優良(liang)(liang)(liang)性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)得到(dao)遺(yi)傳(chuan)和(he)(he)純化。于(yu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)特有(you)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)以(yi)及飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環境(jing)(jing)下(xia)，通過(guo)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)人工(gong)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇培育，最終形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)這一(yi)特有(you)的(de)(de)優良(liang)(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)廣(guang)泛(fan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，全縣(xian)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)模較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，回(hui)(hui)民戶均常(chang)年(nian)(nian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)在(zai)(zai)200只以(yi)上(shang)。由于(yu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是(shi)草食水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)便飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉(rou)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富，味道鮮美(mei)，在(zai)(zai)本縣(xian)水源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)漢(han)族村莊也(ye)大(da)(da)(da)量仿效飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)規(gui)模的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。年(nian)(nian)存(cun)欄15萬只。

二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史(shi)因素

1、 地(di)質地(di)貌：養殖(zhi)區域最高海(hai)拔(ba)2979.1m，最低(di)海(hai)拔(ba)1120m，平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)1670m，適宜養殖(zhi)區域海(hai)拔(ba)為1200—1800m的壩區、半山區、低(di)熱河谷地(di)帶。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型主要是紫色土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、紅色土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、黃棕土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和沖積土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)。

2、 水(shui)文情況：養殖區有銀江(jiang)河(he)、倒流河(he)、六米河(he)、上村河(he)及(ji)其(qi)支流河(he)穿境而(er)過，歸屬瀾滄江(jiang)水(shui)系。水(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，無(wu)污染，水(shui)質清潔。

3、 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點：養(yang)殖區(qu)域屬北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，具有冬(dong)干(gan)夏(xia)濕(shi)山地溫(wen)涼的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點，冬(dong)無(wu)(wu)嚴寒，夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷暑(shu)，干(gan)濕(shi)度分(fen)明的(de)立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。一般雨季主要集中在7～9月，最(zui)高(gao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量1342.9㎜，最(zui)低(di)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量為697.3㎜，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量1043mm，年(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)33.2℃，最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-4.4℃，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)15.8℃，無(wu)(wu)霜期262天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數2030h。

三.地域范圍

永平白鵝產地位于云(yun)南省(sheng)大理白族自治州永平縣境內，涉及博(bo)南鎮、龍(long)街(jie)鎮、杉(shan)陽鎮、廠街(jie)鄉(xiang)、水泄鄉(xiang)、龍(long)門鄉(xiang)、北(bei)斗鄉(xiang)七個鄉(xiang)鎮。地理坐標為(wei)：東(dong)(dong)經(jing)99°17′～99°56′，北(bei)緯25°03′～25°45′之間，南北(bei)長56.25㎞， 東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)51.25㎞，養(yang)殖(zhi)區域范圍2884㎞2。年存欄15萬(wan)只(zhi)。

四.產(chan)品品質特性特征

1、外部特征(zheng)永平白鵝(e)(e)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)鵝(e)(e)羽毛(mao)為(wei)純(chun)白色(se)，雛鵝(e)(e)為(wei)淡(dan)黃色(se)，成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)體重(zhong)為(wei)3.5—5.5公(gong)(gong)斤，呈橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形，屬(shu)肉脂兼用中小型鵝(e)(e)種；公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)頸稍(shao)長，母鵝(e)(e)頸偏短，鵝(e)(e)的喙、肉瘤(liu)、趾、蹼為(wei)桔黃色(se)，脛為(wei)桔紅色(se)，且短而粗壯有力，耐粗飼，抗逆性(xing)強、就(jiu)巢性(xing)強。18月(yue)齡以上的種公(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)肉瘤(liu)大而圓(yuan)(yuan)稍(shao)往前(qian)突，視(shi)覺、味覺、觸(chu)覺靈(ling)敏，嗅覺發達，叫聲(sheng)宏亮，耐粗飼，以自然放牧并適當(dang)補飼，即能滿足正常(chang)生長需要，抗病(bing)力強，抗逆性(xing)好。

2、內在品(pin)質指標永平(ping)白鵝(e)油脂(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量高，肉質細(xi)嫩(nen)、味道(dao)鮮美、鵝(e)肥(fei)肝大，風(feng)味獨特(te)，營(ying)養豐富。其中，育(yu)肥(fei)鵝(e)粗脂(zhi)(zhi)肪≥35g/100g，蛋白質≥10.6g/100g，富含(han)多種氨基酸（人體(ti)所需氨基酸17種）；鵝(e)肝中粗脂(zhi)(zhi)肪含(han)量≥53g/100g，蛋白質≥5g/100g，水(shui)份(fen)≤35g/100g。

3、 質量安(an)(an)全規定 永平(ping)白鵝養殖和(he)(he)銷售遵(zun)守《中華(hua)(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國動物防疫法(fa)》和(he)(he)《中華(hua)(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)(an)全法(fa)》等(deng)有關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規的規定，產品(pin)(pin)質量嚴格按(an)NY5030-2006《無公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)畜禽飼養獸藥使用準則》， NY5032-2006《無公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)畜禽飼料和(he)(he)飼料添加劑使用準則》的規定執行(xing)。