石灰石是(shi)自然界(jie)中分布很廣的一種(zhong)巖(yan)石，石灰石的主(zhu)要成分是(shi)碳酸鈣(gai)，在陶瓷中主(zhu)要用作高溫(wen)釉的助熔劑。我國歷代(dai)名(ming)窯所創制的千百(bai)個不同品種(zhong)的高溫(wen)釉都(dou)離不開石灰石。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大量用做建筑材(cai)料，也是(shi)許多(duo)工(gong)(gong)業的重要原料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直(zhi)接加工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料和燒(shao)制(zhi)成(cheng)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)有生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)和熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)吸潮或加水就成(cheng)為熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等，用作涂裝材(cai)料和磚瓦(wa)粘合劑。水泥是(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和粘土(tu)等混合，經(jing)高溫(wen)煅燒(shao)制(zhi)得。玻璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純堿(jian)等混合，經(jing)高溫(wen)熔(rong)融制(zhi)得。

煉鐵(tie)用石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)作熔劑，除去(qu)(qu)脈石(shi)(shi)。煉鋼用生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰做造渣材料(liao)，除去(qu)(qu)硫、磷等有(you)害雜質。

電石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰與焦炭在電爐里反應(ying)制(zhi)得。純(chun)(chun)(chun)堿(jian)是(shi)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨等(deng)原料(liao)經過多步反應(ying)制(zhi)得。利(li)用(yong)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰和純(chun)(chun)(chun)堿(jian)反應(ying)制(zhi)成燒堿(jian)。利(li)用(yong)純(chun)(chun)(chun)凈的(de)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰和氯氣反應(ying)制(zhi)得漂(piao)白(bai)的(de)。利(li)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)加(jia)工制(zhi)成氯化(hua)鈣(gai)、硝酸鈣(gai)、亞(ya)硫酸鈣(gai)等(deng)重要鈣(gai)鹽等(deng)。

生石(shi)灰(hui)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)干燥劑(ji)(ji)和(he)消毒劑(ji)(ji)。農業上，用(yong)(yong)生石(shi)灰(hui)配(pei)制石(shi)灰(hui)硫(liu)黃合劑(ji)(ji)、波(bo)爾多液等農藥。土(tu)壤中施用(yong)(yong)熟石(shi)灰(hui)可(ke)中和(he)土(tu)壤的酸性、改善土(tu)壤的結構、供給(gei)植物所需的鈣(gai)素。用(yong)(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)漿(jiang)刷樹(shu)干，可(ke)保護樹(shu)木(mu)。