石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)是自(zi)然界中(zhong)分(fen)布很廣的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)巖石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要成分(fen)是碳酸鈣，在陶瓷中(zhong)主(zhu)要用作(zuo)高(gao)溫釉(you)的(de)(de)助熔(rong)劑。我(wo)國(guo)歷代名窯所創制的(de)(de)千百個不(bu)(bu)同品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)高(gao)溫釉(you)都(dou)離不(bu)(bu)開石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)量用做建(jian)筑材料(liao)，也是(shi)(shi)許多(duo)工(gong)業的(de)重要原料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直接(jie)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和(he)(he)燒(shao)制(zhi)成(cheng)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)有生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)吸潮或加(jia)水就成(cheng)為熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)，熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)調配成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)膏等，用作涂裝材料(liao)和(he)(he)磚(zhuan)瓦粘合(he)劑(ji)。水泥是(shi)(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)粘土等混(hun)合(he)，經(jing)(jing)高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)燒(shao)制(zhi)得。玻(bo)璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純(chun)堿等混(hun)合(he)，經(jing)(jing)高(gao)溫(wen)熔融制(zhi)得。

煉(lian)鐵用(yong)石灰(hui)石作熔劑，除去(qu)脈石。煉(lian)鋼用(yong)生石灰(hui)做造渣材(cai)料，除去(qu)硫、磷(lin)等有害雜質。

電(dian)石(shi)是生石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)與(yu)焦炭(tan)在電(dian)爐里反應(ying)制得(de)。純堿是用石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)、食(shi)鹽、氨(an)等(deng)原料經過多步反應(ying)制得(de)。利(li)用消石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和(he)純堿反應(ying)制成燒(shao)堿。利(li)用純凈(jing)的(de)消石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和(he)氯(lv)氣反應(ying)制得(de)漂白的(de)。利(li)用石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)的(de)化學加工制成氯(lv)化鈣、硝酸鈣、亞硫酸鈣等(deng)重(zhong)要鈣鹽等(deng)。

生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)用(yong)(yong)作干燥劑和消毒(du)劑。農業上(shang)，用(yong)(yong)生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)配制石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)硫黃(huang)合劑、波爾多液等(deng)農藥。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中施用(yong)(yong)熟石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)可中和土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的酸性、改善(shan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的結構、供給(gei)植(zhi)物所需的鈣素。用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)漿刷樹干，可保護(hu)樹木。