石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)是自(zi)然界中分(fen)布很廣的一種(zhong)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的主要成分(fen)是碳酸鈣，在陶瓷中主要用作高溫釉(you)的助(zhu)熔劑。我(wo)國歷(li)代名窯(yao)所創制的千百個不(bu)同品(pin)種(zhong)的高溫釉(you)都離不(bu)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大量用(yong)做建(jian)筑材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，也(ye)是許多工業的重要原料(liao)(liao)(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直接加工成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和燒制成(cheng)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)有生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)和熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)吸(xi)潮或加水就(jiu)成(cheng)為熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等(deng)，用(yong)作涂(tu)裝材料(liao)(liao)(liao)和磚瓦(wa)粘合(he)劑。水泥(ni)是由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和粘土等(deng)混合(he)，經(jing)高(gao)(gao)溫煅燒制得(de)(de)。玻璃(li)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純堿等(deng)混合(he)，經(jing)高(gao)(gao)溫熔融(rong)制得(de)(de)。

煉(lian)鐵用石(shi)灰石(shi)作(zuo)熔劑(ji)，除(chu)去(qu)脈(mo)石(shi)。煉(lian)鋼用生(sheng)石(shi)灰做造渣(zha)材料(liao)，除(chu)去(qu)硫(liu)、磷等(deng)有(you)害(hai)雜質。

電石(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰與焦炭在電爐里反應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)。純堿是(shi)用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨等原(yuan)料經(jing)過多(duo)步反應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)。利用消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰和純堿反應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)成燒堿。利用純凈(jing)的(de)(de)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰和氯(lv)氣反應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)漂(piao)白的(de)(de)。利用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)化(hua)學加工(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)成氯(lv)化(hua)鈣、硝酸(suan)鈣、亞硫酸(suan)鈣等重要(yao)鈣鹽等。

生石灰用作(zuo)干(gan)燥劑(ji)和消毒劑(ji)。農業上，用生石灰配(pei)制石灰硫黃合劑(ji)、波爾多液等農藥。土壤(rang)中施(shi)用熟(shu)石灰可中和土壤(rang)的酸性、改善土壤(rang)的結(jie)構(gou)、供(gong)給植物(wu)所需的鈣素。用石灰漿刷(shua)樹干(gan)，可保(bao)護樹木。