石灰石是自(zi)然界中(zhong)分布很廣的(de)(de)一種巖石，石灰石的(de)(de)主(zhu)要成分是碳酸鈣，在陶瓷中(zhong)主(zhu)要用作(zuo)高溫釉的(de)(de)助熔劑(ji)。我國歷代名窯所創制(zhi)的(de)(de)千百個不(bu)同品種的(de)(de)高溫釉都離不(bu)開石灰石。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)大量用(yong)做建筑材料(liao)，也是(shi)(shi)許多工業的重要原料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)可直接(jie)加(jia)工成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和(he)(he)燒制(zhi)成(cheng)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)吸(xi)潮或加(jia)水(shui)就成(cheng)為熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調(diao)配(pei)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)漿(jiang)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)膏(gao)等(deng)，用(yong)作涂裝材料(liao)和(he)(he)磚瓦(wa)粘(zhan)合劑。水(shui)泥是(shi)(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)粘(zhan)土等(deng)混合，經(jing)高溫煅燒制(zhi)得。玻璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)、純堿等(deng)混合，經(jing)高溫熔融制(zhi)得。

煉(lian)(lian)鐵用(yong)石(shi)灰石(shi)作熔劑，除去(qu)脈(mo)石(shi)。煉(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)用(yong)生石(shi)灰做造渣材料，除去(qu)硫、磷等有害雜質。

電石(shi)(shi)(shi)是生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)與(yu)焦炭(tan)在電爐里反(fan)應制得(de)。純堿(jian)是用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽(yan)、氨(an)等(deng)原料經過(guo)多步反(fan)應制得(de)。利(li)用消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和純堿(jian)反(fan)應制成燒堿(jian)。利(li)用純凈的(de)(de)消石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和氯(lv)氣反(fan)應制得(de)漂(piao)白的(de)(de)。利(li)用石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)化(hua)學加工制成氯(lv)化(hua)鈣(gai)、硝(xiao)酸鈣(gai)、亞硫酸鈣(gai)等(deng)重要鈣(gai)鹽(yan)等(deng)。

生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)用(yong)作干燥(zao)劑和消毒劑。農(nong)業上(shang)，用(yong)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)配制石(shi)灰(hui)硫黃合劑、波爾(er)多液(ye)等農(nong)藥。土壤中(zhong)施用(yong)熟石(shi)灰(hui)可中(zhong)和土壤的(de)酸(suan)性、改善(shan)土壤的(de)結構、供給植物所需的(de)鈣素。用(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)漿刷樹(shu)干，可保護樹(shu)木。