一、松土機是什么
松土機是土方施工中用齒(chi)形松(song)土器耙(pa)(pa)松(song)硬(ying)土、凍土、舊路面乃至中等硬(ying)度巖石的(de)機械。按松(song)土器與(yu)拖拉機的(de)連接形式(shi)，有拖式(shi)和懸掛式(shi)兩種。利用拖拉機提供的(de)牽引力及松(song)土器重量使耙(pa)(pa)齒(chi)切(qie)入土內，翻(fan)松(song)硬(ying)土，機械通過后留下(xia)松(song)土地帶。常用于推(tui)土機或鏟(chan)運(yun)機作業前的(de)預先翻(fan)松(song)作業。
與傳統的打眼放炮施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)法相(xiang)比，具有(you)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝簡(jian)化(hua)、施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)具減少(shao)、生產率高、生產安全性(xing)好等優點，為(wei)土(tu)石方(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的主要準備(bei)作業機(ji)種(zhong)。
二、松土機的結構組成有哪些
松土(tu)機(ji)主要由(you)(you)電(dian)動機(ji)、減(jian)速(su)齒(chi)輪(lun)、行走機(ji)構、松土(tu)鏟(chan)、深(shen)度(du)(du)調節機(ji)構等組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。電(dian)動機(ji)提供動力(li)，通過(guo)聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)與減(jian)速(su)齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)連接(jie)。工作部件由(you)(you)刀盤和立式松土(tu)鏟(chan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，分為兩組(zu)(zu)，由(you)(you)減(jian)速(su)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶動。深(shen)度(du)(du)調節機(ji)構由(you)(you)手柄(bing)、鏈輪(lun)及鏈條組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，通過(guo)改變機(ji)架的高度(du)(du)實現松土(tu)深(shen)度(du)(du)的調節。
三、通用型松土機是什么
通(tong)用型(xing)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)機(ji)可(ke)根據不(bu)同(tong)作業(ye)要求(qiu)，更(geng)換不(bu)同(tong)形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟或(huo)改(gai)變其排列方式(shi)(shi)，呈(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)作業(ye)狀態。機(ji)架呈(cheng)(cheng)框架式(shi)(shi)，可(ke)在(zai)前后橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上換裝不(bu)同(tong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟，或(huo)改(gai)變松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟的(de)(de)(de)排列方式(shi)(shi)。如果在(zai)前橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上間(jian)隔70厘米(mi)(mi)（間(jian)距可(ke)調）安(an)裝三組較(jiao)(jiao)淺的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟，在(zai)后橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上對應安(an)裝三組較(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟，即可(ke)進行分層深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)作業(ye)，松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)為30～50厘米(mi)(mi)。如果在(zai)前橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上間(jian)隔70厘米(mi)(mi)安(an)裝三組較(jiao)(jiao)淺的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)上鏟，而在(zai)后橫(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上交錯安(an)裝四(si)組同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)鏟，作業(ye)間(jian)隔為35厘米(mi)(mi)，可(ke)在(zai)一般農田(tian)中進行耕(geng)深(shen)為20～30厘米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)全面深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)作業(ye)。
這種松土(tu)機作業后既疏松了深層(ceng)土(tu)壤(rang)，又(you)不打亂土(tu)層(ceng)，從而改善了土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)理化性狀，有利于(yu)蓄(xu)水保墑，對低洼(wa)地(di)的(de)深松可以加(jia)速(su)地(di)表水下滲，是已耕地(di)排(pai)除耕層(ceng)水分過(guo)多的(de)有效(xiao)措施。
