一、松土機是什么
松土機是土(tu)方施工中用(yong)齒(chi)形松(song)土(tu)器(qi)耙(pa)松(song)硬(ying)土(tu)、凍(dong)土(tu)、舊路面乃(nai)至中等硬(ying)度巖石的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)。按松(song)土(tu)器(qi)與拖拉(la)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)連接形式(shi)(shi)，有拖式(shi)(shi)和懸掛(gua)式(shi)(shi)兩種。利用(yong)拖拉(la)機(ji)(ji)(ji)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)牽(qian)引(yin)力及松(song)土(tu)器(qi)重量使耙(pa)齒(chi)切入土(tu)內，翻(fan)松(song)硬(ying)土(tu)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)通過后留下松(song)土(tu)地帶。常用(yong)于(yu)推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)或鏟運(yun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作業前的(de)預(yu)先翻(fan)松(song)作業。
與傳統的(de)打(da)眼放炮(pao)施工(gong)方(fang)法相比，具有施工(gong)工(gong)藝簡化、施工(gong)機(ji)具減(jian)少、生產率高、生產安全性好等優點，為土石方(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)的(de)主要(yao)準備作業機(ji)種。
二、松土機的結構組成有哪些
松(song)(song)土機主(zhu)要由電動機、減(jian)(jian)速齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、行走(zou)機構(gou)、松(song)(song)土鏟(chan)、深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)節(jie)機構(gou)等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)。電動機提供動力(li)，通過聯軸器與減(jian)(jian)速齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸連(lian)接。工作部件由刀(dao)盤和(he)立式松(song)(song)土鏟(chan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，分(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)組，由減(jian)(jian)速齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶(dai)動。深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)節(jie)機構(gou)由手柄、鏈(lian)輪(lun)(lun)及鏈(lian)條組成(cheng)(cheng)，通過改變機架(jia)的高度實現(xian)松(song)(song)土深(shen)度的調(diao)(diao)節(jie)。
三、通用型松土機是什么
通用型(xing)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)機(ji)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據不同作業(ye)要(yao)求，更(geng)換不同形狀的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)或(huo)改(gai)變其排列方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，呈(cheng)不同的(de)(de)作業(ye)狀態。機(ji)架呈(cheng)框架式(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)前(qian)后(hou)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)換裝不同形式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)，或(huo)改(gai)變松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)排列方式(shi)(shi)(shi)。如(ru)果在(zai)前(qian)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)間隔(ge)70厘米（間距可(ke)(ke)調）安(an)裝三組(zu)較(jiao)淺的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)，在(zai)后(hou)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)對應安(an)裝三組(zu)較(jiao)深(shen)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)，即可(ke)(ke)進行分層深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)作業(ye)，松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)為(wei)(wei)30～50厘米。如(ru)果在(zai)前(qian)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)間隔(ge)70厘米安(an)裝三組(zu)較(jiao)淺的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)上(shang)鏟(chan)(chan)，而在(zai)后(hou)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)交(jiao)錯安(an)裝四組(zu)同樣的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)鏟(chan)(chan)，作業(ye)間隔(ge)為(wei)(wei)35厘米，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)一般(ban)農田(tian)中進行耕深(shen)為(wei)(wei)20～30厘米的(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)作業(ye)。
這種(zhong)松土(tu)(tu)機作(zuo)業(ye)后(hou)既(ji)疏松了(le)深層(ceng)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，又不打(da)亂(luan)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)，從而(er)改善了(le)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的理化(hua)性狀(zhuang)，有利于蓄水保墑，對(dui)低洼地(di)的深松可以加速地(di)表水下(xia)滲，是已(yi)耕地(di)排(pai)除(chu)耕層(ceng)水分過多的有效措施(shi)。
