一、蒸汽發生器的基本結構
蒸汽發生器是(shi)利用燃料或其(qi)他的熱能(neng)把水加(jia)熱成為蒸汽(qi)的熱能(neng)設(she)備。接(jie)下來介紹一(yi)下其(qi)基本(ben)結構(gou)：
1、蒸汽發生器的本體
蒸汽(qi)發(fa)生器中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)爐膛、鍋筒(tong)、燃燒器、水冷(leng)壁、過熱(re)(re)器、空氣預熱(re)(re)器等主要部件構成生產(chan)蒸汽(qi)的(de)核心(xin)部分，稱為本體。蒸汽(qi)發(fa)生器本體中(zhong)(zhong)有兩個(ge)很重要的(de)部件，爐膛和(he)鍋筒(tong)。
2、輔助設備
除本體外(wai)，還(huan)有許多配(pei)套(tao)的輔助設備：煤(mei)粉制備系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，包括(kuo)磨煤(mei)機、磨煤(mei)機、粗粉分離器和煤(mei)粉管(guan)道(dao)；送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)及引(yin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，包括(kuo)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機、引(yin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機、煙(yan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)道(dao)等(deng)；供(gong)水系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，包括(kuo)供(gong)水泵、閥(fa)門和管(guan)道(dao)；水處理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)；清灰系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，包括(kuo)排渣(zha)機、除塵(chen)器等(deng)；自(zi)動控制和監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。
3、燃燒設備
蒸汽(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)器的燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)方式(shi)有三種(zhong)形式(shi)：分層(ceng)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)室燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)和沸(fei)騰燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。各種(zhong)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)方式(shi)都有相應的燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)設備。固(gu)定爐排(pai)、鏈條(tiao)爐排(pai)、往復爐排(pai)和振動爐排(pai)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)分層(ceng)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)型，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)固(gu)體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)的燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。煤粉(fen)鍋(guo)爐、燃(ran)(ran)油鍋(guo)爐和燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)鍋(guo)爐屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)室式(shi)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)固(gu)體(ti)粉(fen)末燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)、液體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)和氣(qi)體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)。鼓(gu)泡流(liu)化(hua)床和循環流(liu)化(hua)床屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)沸(fei)騰燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)模(mo)式(shi)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)顆粒固(gu)體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)的燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。攤鋪(pu)機(ji)鏈條(tiao)爐排(pai)采用(yong)(yong)分層(ceng)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)和燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)室燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)兩種(zhong)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)方式(shi)，屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)混合燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)方式(shi)。
二、蒸汽發生器的工作原理
蒸汽發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)由(you)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)油(you)部(bu)(bu)份(fen)及蒸發(fa)器(qi)兩部(bu)(bu)分組成。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)油(you)部(bu)(bu)分為高溫導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)油(you)通過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)油(you)泵或直接由(you)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)載體加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)進入蒸汽發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)的(de)管(guan)束內(nei)(nei)，管(guan)內(nei)(nei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量以一(yi)定流量溫度通過管(guan)壁將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞給管(guan)外(wai)鍋水，將水加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)油(you)被降溫，重新回到加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)，使之循環使用。
在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)汽(qi)(qi)系統(tong)方面(mian)，給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度，經(jing)(jing)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道進入(ru)省煤器(qi)，進一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)以后(hou)送入(ru)鍋(guo)筒，與(yu)鍋(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)后(hou)沿下(xia)降管(guan)下(xia)行至水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷壁進口集箱。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷壁管(guan)內吸收(shou)爐膛(tang)輻射熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)形成(cheng)汽(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)經(jing)(jing)上(shang)升(sheng)管(guan)到(dao)達鍋(guo)筒中(zhong)(zhong)，由汽(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)離裝置(zhi)使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、汽(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離。分(fen)(fen)離出(chu)來的(de)(de)飽和(he)蒸汽(qi)(qi)由鍋(guo)筒上(shang)部(bu)流往過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi),繼續吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)成(cheng)為(wei)450℃的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)蒸汽(qi)(qi)，然后(hou)送往汽(qi)(qi)輪機。在(zai)(zai)燃(ran)(ran)燒和(he)煙風(feng)系統(tong)方面(mian)，送風(feng)機將空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)送入(ru)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度。在(zai)(zai)磨煤機中(zhong)(zhong)被磨成(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)細(xi)度的(de)(de)煤粉(fen)，由來自空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)攜帶經(jing)(jing)燃(ran)(ran)燒器(qi)噴入(ru)爐膛(tang)。燃(ran)(ran)燒器(qi)噴出(chu)的(de)(de)煤粉(fen)與(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)在(zai)(zai)爐膛(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)其(qi)余的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒，放出(chu)大量熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量。燃(ran)(ran)燒后(hou)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)順序流經(jing)(jing)爐膛(tang)、凝渣(zha)管(guan)束、過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、省煤器(qi)和(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)后(hou)，再經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)除(chu)塵(chen)裝置(zhi)，除(chu)去其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)飛灰(hui)，最(zui)后(hou)由引(yin)風(feng)機送往煙囪(cong)排(pai)向(xiang)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。
三、蒸汽發生器適用范圍
食品廠食品蒸煮、釀酒廠蒸餾、化工廠反應釜加溫、蒸箱蒸柜、蒸饅頭、夾層鍋加溫、醫療機械消毒、藥材萃取、高溫蒸(zheng)汽清(qing)洗(xi)、油(you)田(tian)設(she)備(bei)清(qing)洗(xi)、電(dian)纜(lan)廠(chang)電(dian)纜(lan)養(yang)護膠聯(lian)、混凝土養(yang)護、預制品構建脫模、大棚養(yang)殖(zhi)等需(xu)要熱量(liang)和(he)蒸(zheng)汽的設(she)備(bei)上。
