南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是深圳傳統(tong)土特產之一,南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是什么品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)?有南山(shan)(shan)早桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、白核甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、紅核甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)和鷹嘴甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)4個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產地主(zhu)要分布(bu)在南山(shan)(shan)、松崗、塘下(xia)涌、羅田、燕田、龍華、石巖等地。以(yi)南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)最著(zhu)名,南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植有70多年(nian)歷史,所產甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)爽甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)如(ru)蜜,大(da)如(ru)碗口,一個有半斤重,南山(shan)(shan)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)與(yu)南山(shan)(shan)荔枝同享盛譽(yu)。
南山(shan)甜桃(tao)的成熟時間一般在(zai)5月底(di)至9月初,其(qi)特點(dian)是果肉(rou)厚、肉(rou)質脆嫩(nen)、味清甜、微香、多(duo)汁、離核,是早(zao)熟鮮食優良品種。
1972年,南(nan)山公社(現南(nan)頭片(pian)區)種植的(de)南(nan)山甜(tian)桃(tao)(tao)千余畝(mu),達3萬多株(zhu)。改革開(kai)放(fang)初期(qi),南(nan)山甜(tian)桃(tao)(tao)曾一度是寶安縣(xian)的(de)農(nong)產(chan)品出口大(da)戶,南(nan)山甜(tian)桃(tao)(tao)曾是南(nan)山的(de)驕傲(ao)。
據南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)村老一(yi)(yi)輩原住(zhu)民講,早年(nian)間大(da)南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)周邊有(you)很(hen)多(duo)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu),桃(tao)(tao)子略帶酸味,后來(lai)有(you)人從赤(chi)灣一(yi)(yi)帶帶回一(yi)(yi)株桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)后,這里結(jie)的(de)桃(tao)(tao)就(jiu)慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)變得香甜(tian)、質脆、肉核易離、色彩(cai)鮮艷。后來(lai),他們在現(xian)大(da)南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)北坡牛其(qi)坑坡地大(da)量種植(zhi),面積達500多(duo)畝。南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)臨近港澳,上(shang)世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai),這里產的(de)甜(tian)桃(tao)(tao)作為(wei)國家出口名(ming)牌產品,遠銷東南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞,出口每(mei)擔(100斤)可達100元。
2000年,據南山(shan)區農業(ye)部(bu)門調查,南山(shan)甜桃老樹(shu)剩下不足(zu)30株,且都受到病蟲嚴重危害,南山(shan)甜桃瀕(bin)臨絕種邊緣。
2001年,南(nan)山區委、區政府作(zuo)出決定,盡快(kuai)保護、恢復南(nan)山甜桃。經區科技局立項,區農(nong)業部門開(kai)始聯(lian)合有關專家對南(nan)山甜桃的種源(yuan)、株系劃分、主(zhu)要病蟲害發生發展規律和栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理技術(shu)等方面(mian)進行(xing)了研究。
此后幾年,南(nan)山(shan)區農業技術(shu)推廣站(zhan)牽(qian)頭開展了南(nan)山(shan)甜桃研制技術(shu)攻關,從大南(nan)山(shan)山(shan)腳(jiao)下的(de)(de)甜桃樹中收集到稀少的(de)(de)優良單株并繁育(yu),在西(xi)麗(li)水庫旁的(de)(de)田廈(sha)林果場建立種(zhong)(zhong)植基地和研究基地,規(gui)范了栽培(pei)技術(shu)操作規(gui)程。另外,還在麒(qi)麟山(shan)莊(zhuang)療養(yang)院、塘朗(lang)山(shan)清泉基地零星栽種(zhong)(zhong)。
2004年(nian)(nian),南山甜(tian)(tian)桃(tao)開(kai)始零星(xing)掛果(guo);2009年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始恢(hui)復上市。2009年(nian)(nian),深圳市政(zheng)府公報還發布了《綠色(se)食品南山甜(tian)(tian)桃(tao)生產技(ji)術(shu)規程》,指出要通過提(ti)高栽(zai)培管理方法、技(ji)術(shu)的(de)科學性和可操(cao)作(zuo)性,讓市民吃上正宗的(de)南山甜(tian)(tian)桃(tao)。近幾年(nian)(nian)來,南山甜(tian)(tian)桃(tao)品種恢(hui)復種植基(ji)地每年(nian)(nian)的(de)產量大(da)致穩定在5000-6000斤(jin)。