定安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)是(shi)海南省老(lao)牌地方優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong),是(shi)引進(jin)美國(guo)杜洛克(ke)公豬(zhu)與(yu)定安(an)(an)本地母豬(zhu)雜交(jiao)培育出來的,具有繁殖力(li)強(qiang)、適(shi)應(ying)性強(qiang)、抗病力(li)強(qiang)、早熟、耐(nai)粗飼、肉質好(hao)等(deng)優(you)點(dian)。主要產于海南省定安(an)(an)縣雷鳴、龍門、龍河等(deng)鎮(zhen),分布(bu)全縣各(ge)地。
頭大(da)小適中,全身(shen)被(bei)毛黑色,兩耳向前上方(fang)直立或(huo)平(ping)伸,面微凹,額較寬(kuan),背肩結合良好。背腰寬(kuan)平(ping)直或(huo)微拱,以雙脊為主,偶見單脊,腹小。四肢健壯,腿臀較豐(feng)滿(man),體質結實,結構勻(yun)稱。
具有(you)耐粗(cu)飼,抗逆性(xing)強、生長快、肉質(zhi)鮮美的(de)特(te)點(dian),且由于全身(shen)皮毛呈黑(hei)(hei)色(se)而被人(ren)們稱之“定安黑(hei)(hei)豬”,自問世以來,深受飼養者和消費者的(de)青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局介紹,近(jin)年來,定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)將做強(qiang)做大(da)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)做為農業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(diao)整,發(fa)(fa)展地方特色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),增(zeng)加(jia)農民收入的(de)重要工(gong)作內容(rong),并制定(ding)(ding)了(le)一系列措(cuo)施扶持定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展,使(shi)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷壯大(da),年均以(yi)二位數增(zeng)長,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)覆蓋率達(da)100%。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)存欄母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)42452頭(tou)(tou),年出(chu)(chu)欄仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)75萬(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)上,其(qi)中本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)飼(si)養(yang)出(chu)(chu)欄肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)30多萬(wan)頭(tou)(tou),外銷(xiao)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)40萬(wan)多頭(tou)(tou),外銷(xiao)肉(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)18萬(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)上,成(cheng)為了(le)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是海南省唯一的(de)國家級綠色(se)農產(chan)(chan)品示范(fan)基地縣(xian)(xian)(xian),同(tong)時(shi)又是海南省無規定(ding)(ding)動物疫(yi)病示范(fan)區(qu)先(xian)進縣(xian)(xian)(xian),2006年7月,海南省農副(fu)產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)也在(zai)該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)塔(ta)嶺工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)區(qu)揭牌成(cheng)立,2007年再次批準為全(quan)國農業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準化生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)示范(fan)區(qu)。
2004年(nian)(nian)海(hai)南省(sheng)農業廳(ting)將(jiang)(jiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入無公(gong)害(hai)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)示范建設項目,2005年(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)委員(yuan)會將(jiang)(jiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入農業標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示范項目。2005年(nian)(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過(guo)海(hai)南省(sheng)農業廳(ting)無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年(nian)(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家農業部農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)全中心(xin)無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品認證(zheng),并(bing)(bing)正式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)”這一商品名稱。2006年(nian)(nian),為了(le)規(gui)范定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang),提高與(yu)保證(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)品質,加快(kuai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)方式向養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小區飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)和專業化(hua)(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)轉變(bian),根據《中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》、《地方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)管理辦法》的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)縣(xian)人民政(zheng)府組織編制并(bing)(bing)由海(hai)南省(sheng)質量技術監(jian)督局主持(chi)審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)過(guo)《定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理技術規(gui)程》海(hai)南省(sheng)地方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)并(bing)(bing)于(yu)2007年(nian)(nian)公(gong)布實施。
數據顯示,2008年(nian),定安(an)縣共有年(nian)出欄一(yi)萬頭(tou)的豬場1家(jia),年(nian)出欄4000頭(tou)的1家(jia),年(nian)出欄500—1000頭(tou)的有23家(jia),年(nian)出欄50頭(tou)以上(shang)的專業戶有76戶,各種飼養(yang)方(fang)式大多(duo)采用(yong)自繁自養(yang),有利于疫病防治(zhi),依照《定安(an)黑(hei)豬飼養(yang)管(guan)理(li)技術規程》嚴格(ge)飼養(yang)管(guan)理(li)。飼料以玉米(mi)、稻谷、番(fan)(fan)薯、木薯、豆粕、番(fan)(fan)薯葉等為主,堅決杜絕使(shi)用(yong)禁用(yong)獸藥(yao)(yao)和添加劑,并限(xian)制使(shi)用(yong)限(xian)用(yong)獸藥(yao)(yao)
“每(mei)頭黑豬都必(bi)須(xu)經(jing)過嚴格檢疫(yi),合格者才能出欄銷售。”定安縣畜牧獸醫局有個負(fu)責人告(gao)訴記者,該局每(mei)年春秋兩季依法開展(zhan)免疫(yi)預防(fang)注射,結合基(ji)礎免疫(yi)和市場免疫(yi),確保無重大(da)豬疫(yi)病發生;同時定期抽(chou)樣進行獸藥添加(jia)和殘留檢驗,嚴格控制獸藥規范使用。
此(ci)外,定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣政府(fu)高度(du)注重(zhong)視科(ke)(ke)學養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)加大科(ke)(ke)技投入,一是(shi)(shi)(shi)切實(shi)抓好(hao)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)選育,大力(li)扶持建立(li)了跨(kua)越三(san)(san)個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮的(de)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)繁殖(zhi)基(ji)地,有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)了定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)優(you)良(liang)性能和(he)(he)品(pin)質(zhi),為定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)產提供(gong)(gong)了優(you)良(liang)的(de)母本(ben)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)選擇優(you)質(zhi)杜洛(luo)克(ke)公豬(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)保(bao)(bao)證雜交定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)時(shi)在各鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮舉辦培訓班,由有關專家(jia)傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)人工授精技術、定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)技術、疫(yi)病(bing)防(fang)治技術,以提高飼養(yang)(yang)戶(hu)的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)水平(ping)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)每年定(ding)(ding)時(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)動(dong)物疫(yi)病(bing)監測,對重(zhong)大動(dong)物疫(yi)病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫(yi)等進行監測。同時(shi)大力(li)引導和(he)(he)協調農戶(hu)開(kai)展(zhan)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)標準(zhun)化飼養(yang)(yang),建立(li)產、供(gong)(gong)、銷(xiao)一條龍服務(wu)體系(xi)。
而市場對于(yu)品質上(shang)乘的(de)定安(an)黑豬(zhu)也給(gei)予了很好的(de)回報,自(zi)進入海(hai)(hai)口家(jia)樂福超市銷(xiao)售以來,定安(an)黑豬(zhu)一(yi)直處于(yu)供不應求狀態(tai)。幾乎每(mei)天都有來自(zi)海(hai)(hai)口、三亞(ya)、瓊海(hai)(hai)、文昌等地豬(zhu)販子到(dao)該縣收購,有時還出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了搶購現(xian)(xian)象。端午節期間,定安(an)共接(jie)到(dao)黑豬(zhu)肉粽子訂單10萬多個。
定(ding)安(an)縣有關部門正在和北京(jing)、廣(guang)州(zhou)、香港等(deng)地的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)商談定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步開發和外銷業務(wu),力(li)爭(zheng)把定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬這一(yi)具有鮮明海南(nan)生態特色的(de)(de)(de)、優(you)質安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)產品推(tui)向國內國際更廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)。