定安(an)黑豬(zhu)是海南省老牌地方優良品(pin)種,是引(yin)進美國杜洛克公豬(zhu)與(yu)定安(an)本地母豬(zhu)雜交培育出(chu)來(lai)的,具有繁殖(zhi)力強、適(shi)應性強、抗病力強、早熟、耐粗(cu)飼、肉質好(hao)等優點(dian)。主要產于海南省定安(an)縣雷鳴、龍門、龍河(he)等鎮,分布全(quan)縣各地。
頭大小適中,全身被毛(mao)黑(hei)色(se),兩耳向(xiang)前(qian)上(shang)方直(zhi)立或平伸,面微凹,額較寬,背(bei)肩結(jie)合良好。背(bei)腰寬平直(zhi)或微拱,以雙脊為(wei)主,偶(ou)見單脊,腹小。四肢健壯,腿臀(tun)較豐滿,體質(zhi)結(jie)實,結(jie)構勻(yun)稱。
具有耐粗飼,抗(kang)逆性強、生長快、肉質(zhi)鮮(xian)美的(de)特點,且(qie)由于全身皮毛呈黑色而(er)被人們稱之“定安黑豬(zhu)”,自問(wen)世以來,深受(shou)飼養(yang)者(zhe)和消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)安(an)縣畜牧獸(shou)醫局(ju)介紹,近(jin)年來,定(ding)安(an)縣將做強做大定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做為農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調整(zheng),發(fa)展地方特色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),增(zeng)加農民收入的(de)重要工作(zuo)內(nei)容,并制(zhi)定(ding)了一系(xi)列措(cuo)施扶持定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展,使(shi)定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷壯大,年均(jun)以(yi)二(er)位數(shu)增(zeng)長,全(quan)縣覆蓋率(lv)達100%。全(quan)縣存欄(lan)(lan)母(mu)豬(zhu)42452頭(tou),年出欄(lan)(lan)仔豬(zhu)75萬(wan)頭(tou)以(yi)上,其中本縣飼(si)養(yang)出欄(lan)(lan)肉(rou)豬(zhu)30多萬(wan)頭(tou),外銷(xiao)仔豬(zhu)40萬(wan)多頭(tou),外銷(xiao)肉(rou)豬(zhu)18萬(wan)頭(tou)以(yi)上,成為了定(ding)安(an)縣是海南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)唯一的(de)國家級綠色農產(chan)品示(shi)范基地縣,同時又(you)是海南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)規定(ding)動物疫病示(shi)范區(qu)先進(jin)縣,2006年7月,海南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)農副產(chan)品加工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)也在該縣塔嶺(ling)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開發(fa)區(qu)揭(jie)牌成立(li),2007年再次批(pi)準(zhun)為全(quan)國農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化生豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)示(shi)范區(qu)。
2004年海(hai)南省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入無公害飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)示范建(jian)設項目,2005年國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)委員會將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)示范項目。2005年,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過海(hai)南省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)通(tong)過國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)中(zhong)心無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證,并(bing)正式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)”這一商(shang)品(pin)(pin)名稱。2006年,為了規范定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),提高與保(bao)證定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi),加(jia)快定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式向養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小區飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)轉變,根據《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)法》、《地(di)方標(biao)準管理辦法》的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)人民政府組織編制并(bing)由(you)海(hai)南省(sheng)質(zhi)量技術監督局主持審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)過《定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理技術規程》海(hai)南省(sheng)地(di)方標(biao)準并(bing)于2007年公布實施。
數(shu)據顯示,2008年(nian)(nian),定(ding)安縣共有(you)年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)(lan)一(yi)萬頭(tou)(tou)的豬場1家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)(lan)4000頭(tou)(tou)的1家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)(lan)500—1000頭(tou)(tou)的有(you)23家(jia),年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)(lan)50頭(tou)(tou)以(yi)上的專業戶(hu)有(you)76戶(hu),各種飼(si)養方式(shi)大多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)自繁自養,有(you)利于疫病防治(zhi),依(yi)照《定(ding)安黑豬飼(si)養管(guan)理(li)技術規程》嚴格飼(si)養管(guan)理(li)。飼(si)料以(yi)玉米、稻谷、番薯(shu)(shu)、木薯(shu)(shu)、豆粕、番薯(shu)(shu)葉等為主(zhu),堅(jian)決(jue)杜絕使(shi)用(yong)(yong)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)獸(shou)藥和(he)添加劑,并限制使(shi)用(yong)(yong)限用(yong)(yong)獸(shou)藥
“每頭黑(hei)豬(zhu)都必須經過嚴(yan)(yan)格檢(jian)疫(yi),合格者(zhe)才能出(chu)欄銷售(shou)。”定(ding)安縣畜牧獸(shou)醫局(ju)有個負(fu)責人(ren)告(gao)訴(su)記者(zhe),該局(ju)每年春秋兩季(ji)依法開展免疫(yi)預防注射,結合基(ji)礎(chu)免疫(yi)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)免疫(yi),確保無(wu)重大豬(zhu)疫(yi)病發生(sheng);同時定(ding)期抽(chou)樣(yang)進行獸(shou)藥添(tian)加和(he)殘留檢(jian)驗,嚴(yan)(yan)格控制獸(shou)藥規范使用。
此外,定(ding)安(an)(an)縣政府高度注重(zhong)視(shi)科學養豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實加(jia)大科技(ji)投(tou)入,一是切(qie)實抓(zhua)好(hao)定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)選育,大力扶持建(jian)立了(le)(le)跨(kua)越三個鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)定(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)原種(zhong)保(bao)護和繁(fan)殖基(ji)地(di)(di),有(you)效保(bao)護了(le)(le)定(ding)安(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)優良性能(neng)和品質,為定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)生產提(ti)供了(le)(le)優良的(de)母本(ben)。二是嚴格選擇(ze)優質杜洛(luo)克公豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實保(bao)證雜交定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)品質。三是每年定(ding)時在各鄉鎮(zhen)舉(ju)辦培訓班,由(you)有(you)關專家(jia)傳授(shou)豬(zhu)(zhu)人工授(shou)精技(ji)術(shu)、定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼養管理技(ji)術(shu)、疫病(bing)防治技(ji)術(shu),以提(ti)高飼養戶的(de)飼養管理水平(ping)。四是每年定(ding)時開展(zhan)(zhan)動物(wu)疫病(bing)監(jian)測(ce),對重(zhong)大動物(wu)疫病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)瘟(wen)、口蹄疫等進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)。同時大力引導(dao)和協調農戶開展(zhan)(zhan)定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)標準(zhun)化飼養,建(jian)立產、供、銷一條龍服務體系。
而(er)市場對于品(pin)質上(shang)乘的(de)定安(an)黑(hei)豬也給予了很(hen)好(hao)的(de)回報,自進入海口家樂福超市銷售以來,定安(an)黑(hei)豬一直(zhi)處于供不(bu)應求狀態。幾乎每天都有來自海口、三(san)亞、瓊(qiong)海、文昌等地(di)豬販子(zi)到(dao)該縣(xian)收購,有時(shi)還(huan)出現了搶購現象。端午節期(qi)間,定安(an)共接到(dao)黑(hei)豬肉粽子(zi)訂單10萬多個。
定(ding)安(an)(an)縣有(you)關部門正(zheng)在和北京、廣州、香港(gang)等地的客(ke)商談定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬的進一步(bu)開發和外銷業務,力爭把(ba)定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬這(zhe)一具有(you)鮮明海南生(sheng)態特(te)色的、優質安(an)(an)全(quan)的產(chan)品推向國內國際更廣闊的市場。