天(tian)(tian)津(jin)中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)所(suo)在地(di)原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)鹽商張(zhang)霖瑩的思源莊(zhuang)。1907年(nian)(清光緒(xu)三十三年(nian)),中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建成,該(gai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)起大(da)經路(lu)(今(jin)河(he)北(bei)(bei)區中(zhong)山(shan)路(lu)),南至金鐘河(he)(現(xian)今(jin)已被填平),東臨(lin)昆緯路(lu),西靠近(jin)北(bei)(bei)洋造幣總(zong)廠(chang),共占地(di)90余畝,初名“勸(quan)業會場”。1912年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)元(yuan)年(nian))更名為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)(tian)津(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”,不(bu)久又稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“河(he)北(bei)(bei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。在北(bei)(bei)伐成功后,國(guo)民(min)政府為(wei)(wei)紀念孫中(zhong)山(shan)先生而(er)將公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)現(xian)名,并將原(yuan)來(lai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)邊的大(da)經路(lu)改稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)路(lu)至今(jin)。1919年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)8年(nian))6月9日(ri),天(tian)(tian)津(jin)各界人士在中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)舉行大(da)會,聲(sheng)援北(bei)(bei)京愛國(guo)學生的五四運動,要求取消喪權辱國(guo)的二(er)十一條,和拒(ju)絕在巴(ba)黎和約上簽字。1936年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)25年(nian))天(tian)(tian)津(jin)被日(ri)本(ben)占領,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)又改稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)(tian)津(jin)第二(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國(guo)建國(guo)后恢復中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的名稱(cheng)(cheng)。
天津中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在早期(qi)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時,其(qi)面(mian)積比現在大接近3倍。在這個倘大的(de)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)里,設計(ji)是以“西(xi)(xi)學東進(jin),中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)合(he)璧”為理念(nian),將中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝術和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)形式結(jie)合(he)起來。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)公(gong)共設施為基礎。早期(qi)的(de)天津中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前門面(mian)臨大經路(即現今十月影院大門南食品(pin)街(jie)出(chu)口處(chu)),建(jian)立四柱牌樓(lou),中(zhong)(zhong)間橫匾寫有(you)“勸業會場”四字。大門內路面(mian)寬闊,兩(liang)側(ce)設有(you)店(dian)鋪(pu)。二門為過(guo)街(jie)鐘樓(lou)(現今中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正門處(chu)),樓(lou)上鑲嵌清朝國(guo)產自鳴(ming)鐘,報時的(de)時候(hou)方(fang)圓數里都可以聽到其(qi)鐘聲。再進(jin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)小(xiao)湖(hu)和(he)(he)假山(shan),假山(shan)上矗立觀音雕像,手持寶瓶向下注水,山(shan)下有(you)水池承接,而池畔有(you)可噴水的(de)石雕小(xiao)像。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內遍植(zhi)花(hua)木(mu),而羊(yang)腸小(xiao)徑在花(hua)木(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)穿插。
日本侵華(hua)時(shi)期(qi),天津中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)被日軍占據,并遭(zao)到(dao)嚴重(zhong)破壞。中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國成立(li)后(hou)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)雖屢加修建(jian),但(dan)己(ji)不復(fu)早年(nian)的容(rong)貌。戰后(hou)政(zheng)府為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)該(gai)市(shi)為(wei)(wei)國捐軀的偉人(ren)(ren)烈(lie)士(shi),便在園(yuan)內分別矗立(li)“魏士(shi)毅女士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑”、“天津十五(wu)烈(lie)士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑”及“南皮張氏兩烈(lie)女碑等”。其中(zhong)(zhong),建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1929年(nian)并于(yu)(yu)(yu)1984年(nian)復(fu)立(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)現中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)西側(ce)的“魏士(shi)毅女士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑”和(he)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1931年(nian)并于(yu)(yu)(yu)1984年(nian)復(fu)立(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)現中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)南側(ce)的“天津十五(wu)烈(lie)士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑”目前(qian)為(wei)(wei)天津市(shi)文物保護單位,而中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)亦被國家定為(wei)(wei)“革命歷(li)史紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)地”。1996年(nian),為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先生(sheng)誕辰130周年(nian),天津市(shi)河北區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府在中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內矗立(li)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)塑(su)像和(he)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑,碑陽為(wei)(wei)《中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)記》,紀(ji)(ji)(ji)錄公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的歷(li)史沿革;碑陰為(wei)(wei)《孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)演講辭(ci)》,紀(ji)(ji)(ji)錄孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先生(sheng)當年(nian)在公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的演說。
公園初建時規(gui)模宏(hong)大,入門處有(you)(you)觀世音雕像。門樓上裝國產報時自鳴鐘,報時之聲傳及數里。園內有(you)(you)藝圃亭臺、土石假山,還有(you)(you)禽獸動(dong)物(wu)。并(bing)設有(you)(you)圖(tu)書館、工(gong)商品陳列所、美術館等。
天(tian)津中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)是由中(zhong)國人設計和建(jian)造的公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)園(yuan)林。初名勸業會場,在設計上將中(zhong)國傳統造園(yuan)藝(yi)術與西(xi)方建(jian)筑(zhu)形式有機結合,有花園(yuan),又有公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)設施,既是娛樂去處(chu),又是公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)活動場所。
天津十五烈士紀念碑
天(tian)津十(shi)五(wu)烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)紀(ji)念碑位(wei)于現中山公(gong)園南側,它銘刻(ke)著大革命時(shi)期犧牲(sheng)的(de)十(shi)五(wu)位(wei)英烈(lie)的(de)光輝事跡,記載了第一次(ci)國共合作時(shi)的(de)令(ling)人難忘的(de)一段歷史。 1931年,天(tian)津各界人士(shi)(shi)為(wei)紀(ji)念他們,在中山公(gong)園立(li)(li)碑公(gong)祈。碑文(wen)中除記述十(shi)五(wu)烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)之外,另(ling)將新軍(jun)閥混(hun)戰時(shi)死(si)于1930年的(de)張志全、王(wang)弢樓(lou)二人補(bu)入(ru)(ru),成為(wei)“十(shi)七烈(lie)士(shi)(shi)”。國民(min)(min)黨這樣(yang)做,不過(guo)是為(wei)了欺騙人民(min)(min)美化自己罷了。此(ci)碑“文(wen)革”中被(bei)遺棄(qi),埋(mai)入(ru)(ru)地下(xia)。1984年天(tian)津市人民(min)(min)政(zheng)府復(fu)立(li)(li)此(ci)碑,并列(lie)為(wei)區級重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。后又被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)市級文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
孫中山先生銅像
2006年11月(yue)8日孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生銅(tong)像(xiang)落(luo)成,中(zhong)山(shan)公園(yuan)內占地1100多平方米(mi)的花壇(tan)上(shang)(shang)立(li)起(qi)一(yi)座嶄新的孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)全身銅(tong)像(xiang),黃楊簇擁(yong),偉岸莊重(zhong)。這是(shi)孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)生的孫(sun)女、美籍華人孫(sun)穗(sui)芳博士捐(juan)建的。該銅(tong)像(xiang)表(biao)現(xian)了1912年孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)在原河北公園(yuan)演講時的風采。銅(tong)像(xiang)高2.2米(mi)、重(zhong)兩噸,安裝在2.3米(mi)高的基座上(shang)(shang)。銅(tong)像(xiang)背面篆刻了孫(sun)中(zhong)山(shan)當年的演講全文。
地址(zhi):天津(jin)市河北區中山路公園路
開(kai)放(fang)時(shi)間:全(quan)天免(mian)費開(kai)放(fang)
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