張氏故居(ju)有(you)(you)前后兩幢磚木結構樓(lou)(lou)房,前樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)1921年(nian)(nian),為三層(ceng)帶地(di)下室(shi);后樓(lou)(lou)為二層(ceng),建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)1926年(nian)(nian)。兩幢共有(you)(you)樓(lou)(lou)房42間,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面積(ji)1270.4平(ping)方(fang)米。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑總面積(ji)1401.65平(ping)方(fang)米,總占地(di)面積(ji)1.495市(shi)畝。該所建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑造型豪華、美觀、大方(fang)。前樓(lou)(lou)正面二、三層(ceng)設(she)有(you)(you)屋頂平(ping)臺(tai);室(shi)內(nei)寬大考究(jiu),內(nei)部(bu)樓(lou)(lou)梯、地(di)板、門窗(chuang)等均采用(yong)菲律賓木料(liao);衛生設(she)備(bei)具全(quan),院內(nei)廣植(zhi)草坪。
該樓以張壽懿(張作霖五夫人)名義購自法國領事館。1949年后張壽懿去香港,由其子張學銓管理出租。1956年進行私房改造后由國家經營,1960年改按公產掌管。
“百年歷史(shi)看天津(jin)(jin)” 天津(jin)(jin)素有“九國租界,萬國建(jian)筑(zhu)博(bo)(bo)覽會”之稱!來(lai)到(dao)天津(jin)(jin),必看的(de)(de)就是(shi)名(ming)人(ren)故(gu)居(ju)小洋樓,而在(zai)天津(jin)(jin)3000多棟風貌建(jian)筑(zhu),800多所名(ming)人(ren)故(gu)居(ju)中,較(jiao)具特色(se),也是(shi)較(jiao)能代(dai)表中國近代(dai)史(shi)的(de)(de)傳奇人(ren)物(wu)的(de)(de)故(gu)居(ju),就是(shi)張學(xue)良(liang)故(gu)居(ju)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館。坐落在(zai)和(he)平區赤(chi)峰(feng)道上的(de)(de)張學(xue)良(liang)故(gu)居(ju)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館藏有300余件(jian)物(wu)品,全(quan)景再現(xian)了當年張家(jia)在(zai)天津(jin)(jin)法(fa)租界的(de)(de)生(sheng)活。
“大帥府(fu)(fu)”、“少帥府(fu)(fu)”的(de)合稱,是(shi)(shi)(shi)奉系軍(jun)閥張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)作霖及(ji)其子(zi)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學良將(jiang)軍(jun)的(de)官(guan)邸和(he)(he)寓所。位于沈(shen)河區朝陽街(jie)少帥府(fu)(fu)巷48號(hao)。建于1914~1939年。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏帥府(fu)(fu)的(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men),不是(shi)(shi)(shi)很大,也不顯豪華!在(zai)正(zheng)門(men)(men)的(de)門(men)(men)廊(lang)上(shang),掛(gua)著一個匾(bian)額上(shang)書(shu)四個字(zi)“治(zhi)國護(hu)民”,映射(she)了張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏父(fu)子(zi)治(zhi)國救(jiu)國的(de)偉岸決心,只嘆張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)作霖命喪日(ri)本人的(de)黑(hei)手之(zhi)下,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學良將(jiang)軍(jun)又背負著一份愛(ai)國之(zhi)心流亡海外(wai),一顆(ke)飄泊游(you)子(zi)之(zhi)心再(zai)也沒能(neng)回到這間四和(he)(he)院內!帥府(fu)(fu)的(de)主(zhu)樓(lou)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)西式(shi)的(de)石式(shi)牌樓(lou),氣勢輝鴻。
張作(zuo)霖、張學良的(de)(de)衣食起居都(dou)在這幢鵝黃色的(de)(de)石樓(lou)(lou)內。 這是一座(zuo)由青(qing)磚(zhuan)素面墻(qiang)圍廓的(de)(de)中西(xi)混合(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)筑群,墻(qiang)高3米余,四(si)角歸方。從建(jian)(jian)筑時(shi)間(jian)和(he)使用(yong)上帥(shuai)府可分(fen)為兩部分(fen),即(ji)以(yi)現(xian)存(cun)院內青(qing)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)為界,分(fen)東、西(xi)兩院。東院是帥(shuai)府的(de)(de)早期建(jian)(jian)筑,包括(kuo)四(si)合(he)(he)院、小(xiao)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)、大(da)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)、關帝廟還(huan)有(you)東墻(qiang)外(wai)的(de)(de)趙四(si)小(xiao)姐樓(lou)(lou),西(xi)院是后期建(jian)(jian)筑,共有(you)磚(zhuan)混樓(lou)(lou)房6座(zuo)。帥(shuai)府的(de)(de)前廳是中式建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)小(xiao)四(si)和(he)院,寧靜而古(gu)樸,目前這些是張氏(shi)家族歷史的(de)(de)陳列館,您可以(yi)逐一了解張大(da)帥(shuai)和(he)張少帥(shuai)的(de)(de)生(sheng)平(ping)事(shi)跡。
四(si)合院(yuan):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帥府的(de)早期建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。群體建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)心(xin),位居中(zhong)軸(zhou)。建(jian)于(yu)1914年至1918年。坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)朝(chao)南,呈長方形,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)窄,三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)落,全(quan)院(yuan)共有(you)(you)(you)房屋(wu)60余間(jian)。主要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)柱(zhu)礎轉(zhuan)角石(shi)刻,墻(qiang)基鑲嵌(qian)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)石(shi)板(ban),墻(qiang)頂鑲嵌(qian)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾件,門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)踏步(bu)垂帶,掛(gua)梅欄板(ban)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)湛,額枋檐(yan)檁(lin)廊柱(zhu)及門(men)(men)窗油飾彩畫獨具風格。從南起有(you)(you)(you)起脊挑檐(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)南門(men)(men),門(men)(men)外有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)“壽(shou)”字影壁墻(qiang)。從前(qian)(qian)(qian)門(men)(men)入內便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)進(jin)院(yuan),前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)房七間(jian),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)過(guo)(guo)道(dao)門(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)傳達室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)電話室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),兩側為(wei)(wei)衛士房。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)內帳房、大廚房,承啟處、餐廳(ting)、電工室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。通過(guo)(guo)儀門(men)(men)(垂花門(men)(men))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)進(jin)院(yuan),正(zheng)(zheng)房七間(jian),中(zhong)開(kai)過(guo)(guo)門(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房各五間(jian),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張作(zuo)霖屬下八大處的(de)處理公(gong)務(wu)之地。正(zheng)(zheng)房東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臥室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、客(ke)廳(ting),西(xi)(xi)(xi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書房、倉(cang)庫。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)房北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)內收發(fa),南是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秘(mi)書長室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)般秘(mi)書辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。第三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張作(zuo)霖的(de)夫人、姨太,小(xiao)姐等(deng)人的(de)居室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。正(zheng)(zheng)房當(dang)中(zhong)靠北(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖先堂,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi),南辟(pi)三(san)門(men)(men)通往東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)屋(wu)和院(yuan)內。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房各五間(jian)對稱,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)會客(ke)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。三(san)進(jin)院(yuan)都(dou)(dou)各有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)便門(men)(men)與院(yuan)外相通。
小(xiao)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)在(zai)東院,坐北(bei)朝南(nan)二(er)層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。上下各五間(jian)(jian),中開門(men),前檐出(chu)廊,青(qing)磚(zhuan)青(qing)瓦(wa),為中國古式(shi)建筑(zhu),是(shi)帥府的(de)早期建筑(zhu)之一。1928年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)張作霖由北(bei)京返回沈陽,在(zai)皇(huang)姑區(qu)附近被炸傷(shang)后(hou),醫治無效死(si)于小(xiao)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)房間(jian)(jian)來(lai)頭不少噢(o),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)張作霖、張學良在(zai)與(yu)所(suo)有來(lai)賓、朋友洽談(tan)接(jie)見的(de)房間(jian)(jian),由于房間(jian)(jian)里有一只(zhi)虎(hu)標(biao)本(ben)的(de)裝飾物,所(suo)以這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)房間(jian)(jian)稱為“老虎(hu)廳”,所(suo)稱就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)間(jian)(jian)房子里,張作霖威震了日本(ben)人,繼而引發了九一八(ba)事(shi)變! 大(da)(da)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)位于東院北(bei)部(bu),張作霖1925年(nian)(nian)晉升為東北(bei)邊(bian)(bian)防督辦后(hou)在(zai)此(ci)商議(yi)軍事(shi)機(ji)密(mi)、制定重大(da)(da)決(jue)策和接(jie)待中外要員。赫(he)赫(he)有名的(de)“老虎(hu)廳”就(jiu)在(zai)一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)東北(bei)角,它因陳(chen)設(she)有東邊(bian)(bian)道鎮守使湯玉麟送的(de)兩(liang)(liang)只(zhi)老虎(hu)標(biao)本(ben)而得名。楊宇霆、常(chang)蔭槐就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里被張學良處決(jue)。大(da)(da)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)是(shi)三(san)(san)層樓(lou)(lou)(lou),坐北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan),多邊(bian)(bian)形(xing),磚(zhuan)混(hun)結構(gou),歐洲(zhou)哥特式(shi)建筑(zhu),青(qing)磚(zhuan)墻體(ti),白(bai)色水泥抹邊(bian)(bian)線,黑白(bai)相映,顯得格外醒目(mu)、素雅。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下臺(tai)(tai)明高約一米左右,南(nan)面(mian)和東側(ce)各有一個(ge)“八(ba)”字形(xing)垂(chui)帶(dai),九級臺(tai)(tai)階。一樓(lou)(lou)(lou)正面(mian)辟門(men)三(san)(san)處,中為半圓(yuan)形(xing)上亮(liang)過(guo)道門(men),兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)為半圓(yuan)形(xing)群體(ti)組合(he)門(men)。正視二(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)平臺(tai)(tai)與(yu)三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)突(tu)出(chu)半圓(yuan)體(ti)陽臺(tai)(tai)。都是(shi)水泥花格,上曲(qu)裝飾三(san)(san)角紋(wen),半圓(yuan)形(xing),瓶式(shi)欄(lan)板(ban),廊柱(zhu),圓(yuan)形(xing)柱(zhu)頭等(deng)。