張(zhang)氏故居有(you)前后兩幢磚木結構(gou)樓(lou)房,前樓(lou)建(jian)于(yu)1921年(nian)(nian),為三層(ceng)(ceng)帶地下室;后樓(lou)為二層(ceng)(ceng),建(jian)于(yu)1926年(nian)(nian)。兩幢共有(you)樓(lou)房42間,建(jian)筑面積(ji)1270.4平方(fang)米。建(jian)筑總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)1401.65平方(fang)米,總(zong)(zong)占地面積(ji)1.495市畝。該所建(jian)筑造型豪華、美觀、大(da)(da)方(fang)。前樓(lou)正面二、三層(ceng)(ceng)設(she)有(you)屋頂平臺(tai);室內寬大(da)(da)考(kao)究,內部樓(lou)梯、地板(ban)、門窗等均采(cai)用(yong)菲(fei)律賓木料;衛生設(she)備具全,院內廣植草坪(ping)。
該樓以張壽懿(張作霖五夫人)名義購自法國領事館。1949年后張壽懿去香港,由其子張學銓管理出租。1956年進行私房改造后由國家經營,1960年改按公產掌管。
“百(bai)年歷(li)史看天(tian)(tian)津” 天(tian)(tian)津素有“九國(guo)(guo)租界,萬國(guo)(guo)建筑博(bo)覽會”之稱!來到天(tian)(tian)津,必看的(de)就是名人故(gu)(gu)(gu)居(ju)(ju)小洋樓,而在(zai)天(tian)(tian)津3000多(duo)棟風貌建筑,800多(duo)所名人故(gu)(gu)(gu)居(ju)(ju)中,較具特色,也是較能代(dai)表中國(guo)(guo)近代(dai)史的(de)傳奇人物的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)居(ju)(ju),就是張學(xue)良(liang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)居(ju)(ju)博(bo)物館(guan)。坐(zuo)落(luo)在(zai)和平區赤(chi)峰道上(shang)的(de)張學(xue)良(liang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)居(ju)(ju)博(bo)物館(guan)藏有300余件物品,全景(jing)再現了當年張家在(zai)天(tian)(tian)津法租界的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)。
“大帥(shuai)(shuai)府(fu)”、“少帥(shuai)(shuai)府(fu)”的(de)合稱(cheng),是奉(feng)系軍閥張(zhang)(zhang)作霖(lin)及其子(zi)張(zhang)(zhang)學良將(jiang)軍的(de)官(guan)邸(di)和寓(yu)所。位于沈河區朝陽街(jie)少帥(shuai)(shuai)府(fu)巷48號。建于1914~1939年。這是張(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)帥(shuai)(shuai)府(fu)的(de)正門,不是很大,也不顯豪華(hua)!在正門的(de)門廊上(shang),掛著一個匾額上(shang)書四個字“治(zhi)國(guo)護民”,映射了張(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)父子(zi)治(zhi)國(guo)救國(guo)的(de)偉(wei)岸(an)決心,只(zhi)嘆張(zhang)(zhang)作霖(lin)命喪日本人的(de)黑手之(zhi)下(xia),張(zhang)(zhang)學良將(jiang)軍又背(bei)負(fu)著一份愛國(guo)之(zhi)心流亡(wang)海外(wai),一顆飄泊游子(zi)之(zhi)心再也沒能回到(dao)這間四和院(yuan)內!帥(shuai)(shuai)府(fu)的(de)主樓則是西式(shi)的(de)石式(shi)牌樓,氣勢輝鴻。
張(zhang)(zhang)作霖(lin)、張(zhang)(zhang)學良的(de)(de)(de)衣食(shi)起(qi)居都在這幢(chuang)鵝黃色的(de)(de)(de)石樓內(nei)。 這是(shi)一(yi)座由青(qing)磚(zhuan)素(su)面墻圍廓的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西混(hun)合(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群,墻高(gao)3米余,四(si)(si)角歸方(fang)。從建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)時間(jian)和使用上帥(shuai)府可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為兩部(bu)分(fen)(fen),即以(yi)現存院內(nei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)墻為界,分(fen)(fen)東、西兩院。東院是(shi)帥(shuai)府的(de)(de)(de)早期(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),包括(kuo)四(si)(si)合(he)院、小(xiao)青(qing)樓、大(da)青(qing)樓、關(guan)帝(di)廟還有東墻外的(de)(de)(de)趙四(si)(si)小(xiao)姐樓,西院是(shi)后(hou)期(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),共有磚(zhuan)混(hun)樓房6座。帥(shuai)府的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)廳是(shi)中(zhong)式建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)四(si)(si)和院,寧靜(jing)而(er)古(gu)樸,目(mu)前(qian)這些是(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)氏家族(zu)歷史的(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)列館,您可(ke)以(yi)逐一(yi)了解(jie)張(zhang)(zhang)大(da)帥(shuai)和張(zhang)(zhang)少帥(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)平事跡。
四合院(yuan):是(shi)(shi)(shi)帥府的早期建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。群體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中心,位(wei)居中軸。建(jian)(jian)于1914年至1918年。坐北(bei)朝南(nan),呈(cheng)長(chang)方形(xing),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)窄,三進(jin)院(yuan)落,全(quan)院(yuan)共有(you)房屋60余間(jian)。主要建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)柱礎轉(zhuan)角(jiao)石(shi)(shi)刻,墻基鑲嵌浮雕(diao)(diao)石(shi)(shi)板,墻頂鑲嵌磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)飾(shi)件,門(men)(men)(men)(men)前踏步垂(chui)帶(dai),掛(gua)梅(mei)欄板雕(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)湛,額(e)枋檐檁廊柱及門(men)(men)(men)(men)窗油飾(shi)彩畫獨具風(feng)格。從南(nan)起有(you)起脊挑檐正(zheng)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)外有(you)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)“壽”字影壁(bi)墻。從前門(men)(men)(men)(men)入內(nei)(nei)(nei)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)第一進(jin)院(yuan),前有(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)房七間(jian),中為(wei)(wei)過道門(men)(men)(men)(men),東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)傳達室(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)電話室(shi)(shi)(shi),兩(liang)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)衛士房。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房分別為(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)帳(zhang)房、大(da)廚房,承啟處、餐廳(ting)、電工室(shi)(shi)(shi)。通過儀門(men)(men)(men)(men)(垂(chui)花門(men)(men)(men)(men))是(shi)(shi)(shi)二進(jin)院(yuan),正(zheng)房七間(jian),中開過門(men)(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房各五間(jian),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)張(zhang)作霖屬下八(ba)大(da)處的處理(li)公務之地(di)。正(zheng)房東(dong)(dong)(dong)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)臥(wo)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、客廳(ting),西(xi)(xi)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)書房、倉庫。東(dong)(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)房北(bei)為(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)收發,南(nan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)秘書長(chang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。西(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房是(shi)(shi)(shi)一般秘書辦(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)。第三進(jin)院(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)張(zhang)作霖的夫人、姨太,小姐(jie)等(deng)人的居室(shi)(shi)(shi)。正(zheng)房當中靠北(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祖先堂,東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi),南(nan)辟三門(men)(men)(men)(men)通往東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)屋和院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)房各五間(jian)對(dui)稱(cheng),東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)會(hui)客室(shi)(shi)(shi)、西(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)辦(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)。三進(jin)院(yuan)都各有(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)便門(men)(men)(men)(men)與院(yuan)外相通。
小青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)在東(dong)(dong)(dong)院,坐北(bei)(bei)朝南二層樓(lou)(lou)。上(shang)(shang)下各五間,中(zhong)開門,前(qian)檐(yan)出廊,青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)青(qing)瓦,為中(zhong)國(guo)古式建(jian)筑,是(shi)(shi)(shi)帥府(fu)的(de)早期建(jian)筑之一。1928年(nian)6月張(zhang)作霖(lin)由(you)北(bei)(bei)京返回沈陽,在皇姑區附近被炸傷(shang)后,醫治無效死于小青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)下。這個(ge)房(fang)(fang)間來頭(tou)不(bu)少噢(o),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)張(zhang)作霖(lin)、張(zhang)學良(liang)在與(yu)所有(you)來賓、朋(peng)友洽談(tan)接見的(de)房(fang)(fang)間,由(you)于房(fang)(fang)間里有(you)一只虎標本的(de)裝(zhuang)飾物,所以這個(ge)房(fang)(fang)間稱(cheng)為“老(lao)虎廳(ting)(ting)”,所稱(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在這間房(fang)(fang)子里,張(zhang)作霖(lin)威震了(le)日本人,繼而(er)引發了(le)九一八事變! 大(da)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)位于東(dong)(dong)(dong)院北(bei)(bei)部,張(zhang)作霖(lin)1925年(nian)晉升(sheng)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)邊防督辦(ban)后在此商議(yi)軍事機密、制定(ding)重大(da)決(jue)策和接待中(zhong)外(wai)要員。赫赫有(you)名的(de)“老(lao)虎廳(ting)(ting)”就(jiu)在一樓(lou)(lou)的(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao),它因陳設有(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)邊道鎮守使湯玉麟送(song)的(de)兩只老(lao)虎標本而(er)得名。楊宇霆、常蔭槐就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在這里被張(zhang)學良(liang)處(chu)決(jue)。大(da)青(qing)樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)層樓(lou)(lou),坐北(bei)(bei)向南,多邊形(xing)(xing)(xing),磚(zhuan)(zhuan)混結構,歐洲(zhou)哥特式建(jian)筑,青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墻體,白色水泥抹邊線,黑白相映,顯得格外(wai)醒目、素雅。樓(lou)(lou)下臺明高(gao)約(yue)一米左右(you),南面和東(dong)(dong)(dong)側各有(you)一個(ge)“八”字形(xing)(xing)(xing)垂(chui)帶,九級臺階(jie)。一樓(lou)(lou)正面辟門三(san)(san)處(chu),中(zhong)為半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)亮過(guo)道門,兩側為半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)群體組合門。正視二樓(lou)(lou)平臺與(yu)三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)兩個(ge)突(tu)出半(ban)圓體陽臺。都是(shi)(shi)(shi)水泥花(hua)格,上(shang)(shang)曲(qu)裝(zhuang)飾三(san)(san)角(jiao)紋,半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),瓶式欄板,廊柱(zhu)(zhu),圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)等。