景點介紹
在漳(zhang)州(zhou)角美鎮青(qing)礁(jiao)文圃山脈岐山東鳴(ming)嶺下,又稱(cheng)慈(ci)濟東宮(gong),供(gong)奉(feng)宋(song)代民間神醫吳夲(979-1036年(nian)(nian)(nian),音滔,從(cong)大(da)(da)從(cong)十)。省級文物保(bao)護單位宋(song)仁宗(zong)景祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)),吳夲深入閩南瘟(wen)疫流行地區,拯(zheng)救萬民,采藥時(shi)不幸落崖謝世(shi)。當地人民于其(qi)故鄉白礁(jiao)村(cun),建“龍湫庵”,雕像祀奉(feng)。為白礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)前身,宋(song)紹興(xing)二(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian))建廟,宋(song)孝宗(zong)賜(si)廟號曰“慈(ci)濟”;宋(song)淳祐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian))改廟為宮(gong),青(qing)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)因方位在白礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)東,故名慈(ci)濟東宮(gong),明(ming)成祖封吳夲為萬壽無極保(bao)生(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di),民間俗稱(cheng)大(da)(da)道公。
宮(gong)分五殿(dian),飛檐交錯。主殿(dian)有12根蟠(pan)龍(long)(long)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),上刻蟠(pan)龍(long)(long)騰云(yun)、八仙(xian)游山及山川禽獸等,其中一(yi)(yi)對(dui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)如(ru)花(hua)瓶狀,在福建的(de)宮(gong)廟建筑中難得一(yi)(yi)見。宮(gong)內(nei)的(de)大(da)幅(fu)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)浮雕(diao)上刻著(zhu)(zhu)龍(long)(long)虎和隋(sui)唐故事(shi),另兩幅(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)屏上則(ze)雕(diao)繪哪吒鬧海(hai)的(de)故事(shi),梁(liang)上木刻有獅象龍(long)(long)鳳和奇花(hua)異卉,雕(diao)工精(jing)細,金(jin)碧輝煌。彩(cai)畫中有一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)鳳頭、龍(long)(long)尾、龜身、四(si)腳的(de)神物,很(hen)是怪異。畫著(zhu)(zhu)傳說故事(shi)的(de)油彩(cai)畫和黑底描金(jin)畫雖歷(li)經滄桑(sang),色(se)彩(cai)依然(ran)鮮明。殿(dian)頂鋪綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦,四(si)周(zhou)環飾著(zhu)(zhu)彩(cai)陶綴成的(de)各色(se)人(ren)物和12條龍(long)(long)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)閣樓中的(de)鐘鼓樓,藻井為(wei)木拱(gong)結構,層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)疊疊,玲瓏輕巧。樓內(nei)大(da)鐘鑄于(yu)清(qing)康(kang)(kang)熙三十六年(1697年)。宮(gong)中還(huan)保存著(zhu)(zhu)康(kang)(kang)熙、嘉慶、咸豐、光緒等朝代的(de)重修(xiu)碑(bei)記宮(gong)后的(de)岐(qi)山,有涼傘樹、“心”字石(shi)(shi)(shi)、丹井藥泉等景致。“心”字石(shi)(shi)(shi)形似人(ren)心,“心”字中間(jian)一(yi)(yi)點卻放在底下。
青礁慈濟宮
歷史沿革
該宮始建(jian)于南宋(song)(song)(song)紹興二十一年(nian)(1151),奉祀北宋(song)(song)(song)著名的(de)(de)民間醫(yi)生吳夲(ben)(ben)(音(yin)tāo )。吳夲(ben)(ben)(979~1036),字華基(ji),號云沖,出(chu)身(shen)于白礁村的(de)(de)貧苦(ku)農民家庭,年(nian)輕時云游(you)四方,拜(bai)師學醫(yi)并選定龍池巖作為其(qi)修道、煉丹、行醫(yi)之處(chu)。吳夲(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)僅醫(yi)術高明(ming),且醫(yi)德高尚,治病不(bu)(bu)分貴賤,不(bu)(bu)取報酬(chou)。宋(song)(song)(song)明(ming)道二年(nian)(1033)漳州、泉州瘟疫流(liu)行,因吳夲(ben)(ben)義診(zhen)施藥(yao)(yao)而(er)得以(yi)存活者難(nan)以(yi)計數。民間還流(liu)傳(chuan)吳夲(ben)(ben)治愈(yu)宋(song)(song)(song)仁宗母后(hou)的(de)(de)乳癌,被封(feng)為“妙道真人(ren)”而(er)揚名四海的(de)(de)事跡。景祐三年(nian)(1036)五月初二,吳夲(ben)(ben)在文(wen)圃山(shan)采藥(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)幸墜崖而(er)死(si),時年(nian)58歲。
吳夲(ben)逝世(shi)的(de)第二(er)年(nian)(nian),即宋(song)仁(ren)宗景祐(you)四年(nian)(nian)(1037年(nian)(nian)),白礁(jiao)(jiao)村的(de)父老(lao)鄉親為紀念這位救死扶(fu)傷(shang)的(de)名醫(yi),自發(fa)籌款在(zai)(zai)家(jia)鄉建“龍湫庵”,庵內(nei)雕塑吳真人(ren)形象,虔(qian)誠供奉。宋(song)紹(shao)興(xing)二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian))宋(song)高(gao)宗頒(ban)詔動支(zhi)銀庫、遣使監(jian)工,把(ba)龍湫庵改建為一座宮(gong)殿式(shi)的(de)廟(miao)宇,賜名“慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)廟(miao)”。宋(song)紹(shao)興(xing)二(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)),后(hou)因進香人(ren)數眾多,又在(zai)(zai)吳夲(ben)煉丹處另(ling)建青(qing)(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)廟(miao),由此形成(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)兩(liang)廟(miao)。淳祐(you)元年(nian)(nian)(1241),奉敕改廟(miao)為宮(gong),白礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)稱(cheng)西(xi)宮(gong),青(qing)(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong),也則稱(cheng)東宮(gong),為彰示吳夲(ben)的(de)德行,自宋(song)代以(yi)來,歷朝(chao)皇帝先后(hou)予以(yi)追賜封(feng)(feng)(feng)號之(zhi)殊榮(rong),其中尤以(yi)北宋(song)仁(ren)宗追封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)“妙(miao)道真人(ren)”和明成(cheng)(cheng)祖追封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)“保(bao)生大(da)帝”最為著(zhu)名,吳夲(ben)亦因此被民(min)間稱(cheng)為“吳真人(ren)”、“保(bao)生大(da)帝”或“大(da)道公”,成(cheng)(cheng)為備(bei)受后(hou)人(ren)敬(jing)仰的(de)醫(yi)神(shen)和鄉土保(bao)護神(shen)。明末清初,白礁(jiao)(jiao)300多人(ren)隨(sui)著(zhu)鄭成(cheng)(cheng)功收(shou)復臺灣(wan)(wan),對(dui)吳真人(ren)的(de)信仰也隨(sui)之(zhi)廣泛傳入臺灣(wan)(wan)和東南亞(ya)地(di)區。至今,僅臺灣(wan)(wan)就有數以(yi)百(bai)計的(de)吳真人(ren)宮(gong)廟(miao),還(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)立了“臺灣(wan)(wan)保(bao)生大(da)帝廟(miao)宇聯(lian)誼會(hui)”,這些經由大(da)陸傳爐的(de)宮(gong)廟(miao)都遙奉漳州(zhou)的(de)白礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)和青(qing)(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)和為祖廟(miao),每年(nian)(nian)組織大(da)規模(mo)進香團前來舉辦瞻仰法會(hui)。
現(xian)存青礁(jiao)慈濟宮重(zhong)建于清初,系重(zhong)檐歇山頂磚(zhuan)石(shi)木(mu)結構三進(jin)建筑,坐(zuo)西(xi)朝東,建筑面積1305平(ping)方米。中軸線自東向西(xi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增高,前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)重(zhong)樓,由檐廊、門(men)廳和鐘鼓樓組成;中殿(dian)(dian)為正殿(dian)(dian),內(nei)供吳真人(ren)神像,殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)有(you)拜亭。后殿(dian)(dian)重(zhong)建于1989年(nian),內(nei)供佛道諸神。三殿(dian)(dian)由兩側廊廡通連。宮內(nei)保存大量珍貴(gui)的石(shi)雕、木(mu)雕、彩(cai)繪(hui)藝(yi)術品,體(ti)現(xian)了閩南匠師精湛(zhan)的工藝(yi)水平(ping)。
青礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)還保(bao)(bao)存清康熙三十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1697)、嘉慶(qing)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814)、咸豐四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1854)和(he)(he)光(guang)緒二十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1896)四方重(zhong)(zhong)修碑記,是(shi)研(yan)究宮(gong)(gong)廟歷代沿(yan)革的重(zhong)(zhong)要文(wen)獻資(zi)料(liao),而宮(gong)(gong)廟西北側(ce)山(shan)上的丹井、丹灶和(he)(he)石臼,則是(shi)吳夲(ben)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)采(cai)制藥草使(shi)用過的文(wen)物。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)至1991年(nian)(nian)(nian),臺灣的吳真人(ren)信徒捐資(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)修三殿。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)經(jing)國家(jia)文(wen)物局批準(zhun),按(an)歷史原狀修復魁星樓和(he)(he)武圣樓。青礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)被公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)級文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)被公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)省級文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)與白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)共同被國務院(yuan)公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位,名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“青、白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)”。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian),被廈(sha)門(men)市(shi)人(ren)民政府(fu)公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)涉臺文(wen)物古跡。保(bao)(bao)護范圍(wei):由建筑(zhu)體向四面(mian)延長40米為(wei)(wei)(wei)界。