一.產品介紹
阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以口(kou)感好、纖維(wei)少、水分(fen)足、甜度(du)高的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)成(cheng)為瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)果市(shi)場上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)新(xin)秀(xiu)。2009年(nian)阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)通過了(le)(le)江蘇省(sheng)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)測(ce)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)檢(jian)測(ce),各項(xiang)指(zhi)標均達到(dao)綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標準(zhun),2014年(nian)獲得國家農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志認證(zheng)。 阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)主(zhu)要有三(san)大(da)(da)特(te)點: 一(yi)是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)規(gui)模化,品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優新(xin)。在(zai)布局上(shang)(shang),實(shi)行規(gui)模化經營。阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積達10萬畝,建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)規(gui)模連片西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)69個(ge),年(nian)生(sheng)產(chan)優質(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)50萬噸(dun)。在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang),適合(he)(he)(he)于現代家庭的(de)(de)消費要求(qiu)。主(zhu)要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植了(le)(le)早春紅玉、超級冬春、小(xiao)蘭、特(te)小(xiao)鳳(feng)、惠蘭、羞(xiu)月等(deng)小(xiao)果型品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),果型好、果皮薄、單果重3—5斤,其中(zhong)早春紅玉品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)糖含(han)量(liang)(liang)達15度(du)以上(shang)(shang),小(xiao)蘭品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)糖含(han)量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)13度(du)以上(shang)(shang)。京欣、8424等(deng)大(da)(da)果型品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微生(sheng)素含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富、口(kou)味好、水分(fen)足、耐運輸。 二(er)是(shi)(shi)栽培方式多樣化,供應(ying)期(qi)(qi)長(chang)。阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采用(yong)三(san)棚四膜覆蓋栽培,配套(tao)電熱線加溫穴(xue)盤(pan)育苗,實(shi)現了(le)(le)阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)上(shang)(shang)市(shi)早、采收期(qi)(qi)長(chang)的(de)(de)目標,上(shang)(shang)市(shi)期(qi)(qi)從4月份到(dao)10月份,長(chang)達7個(ge)月。 三(san)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)管理標準(zhun)化,質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)。阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)制定了(le)(le)綠(lv)色生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術操作規(gui)程(cheng),實(shi)行全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制。基地(di)管理做到(dao)“三(san)建(jian)(jian)立(li)”。即:建(jian)(jian)立(li)監(jian)督管理公示牌,建(jian)(jian)立(li)田間(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)和基地(di)農戶(hu)檔案,建(jian)(jian)立(li)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制信息系統(tong)。產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)做到(dao)“四統(tong)一(yi)”。即:統(tong)一(yi)推廣優質(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),統(tong)一(yi)使用(yong)無公害(hai)有機肥料,統(tong)一(yi)栽培技(ji)術規(gui)范,統(tong)一(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌和包裝。 阜(fu)寧(ning)(ning)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植環境、生(sheng)產(chan)管理、采收包裝到(dao)運輸方式,都(dou)符合(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。符合(he)(he)(he)現代農業和食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)要求(qiu),是(shi)(shi)人們日(ri)常生(sheng)活中(zhong)的(de)(de)放心(xin)(xin)果品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、土壤地貌(mao)情況:“阜寧西(xi)瓜”產地地勢(shi)平坦,土壤類型(xing)為沙壤土,pH值為7.3~8.3,含鉀豐(feng)富,通透性好,耕作層厚度≥25cm,有機質含量1.5~2.35%,全氮1.2~2.4克/千(qian)克,速(su)效(xiao)磷25~35毫(hao)(hao)克/千(qian)克,速(su)效(xiao)鉀120~220毫(hao)(hao)克/千(qian)克,具有良好的保肥、保水能力。
2、 水(shui)文情況:“阜寧(ning)西瓜”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)域(yu)主要灌(guan)溉水(shui)源為射(she)陽河(he)、蘇北灌(guan)溉總渠兩條主要河(he)流,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地經(jing)多年來興(xing)建水(shui)利工程(cheng),溝、渠、橋(qiao)、涵、閘等配套齊(qi)全,區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)旱(han)時能(neng)(neng)灌(guan),澇時能(neng)(neng)排(pai),未發生(sheng)(sheng)過大的洪災(zai)旱(han)災(zai)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:處于(yu)北半球中緯(wei)度,為(wei)北亞熱(re)帶向南(nan)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶過(guo)渡的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候帶,由(you)于(yu)緊瀕黃海(hai),受海(hai)陸(lu)季風影響顯著(zhu),具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)海(hai)洋性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,屬(shu)濕潤的(de)(de)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。主(zhu)要氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點是(shi):光照充足,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候 溫(wen)(wen)和,降(jiang)水(shui)充沛,無(wu)霜期長,四季分明,冬冷夏熱(re),雨(yu)熱(re)同季,春(chun)暖(nuan)秋爽,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差較大(da),年(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)979.6mm,日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)為(wei)2218.9小時(shi),太陽(yang)輻射量(liang)116.2千卡/平方厘(li)米,常年(nian)月平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14℃,最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7月份(fen)(fen)平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)26.8℃,最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)1月份(fen)(fen)平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)0.3℃,西(xi)(xi)瓜果(guo)實膨大(da)期四、五月份(fen)(fen),白天最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)33.1℃,夜間最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)2.6℃,無(wu)霜期213天。 4、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件(jian):阜寧縣是(shi)全國(guo)綠色(se)食品原材料標(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)產基地縣,國(guo)家級生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件(jian)示范區,“阜寧西(xi)(xi)瓜”產地環境符合《無(wu)公害(hai)食品 西(xi)(xi)瓜產地環境條件(jian)》(NY 5110—2002)。“阜寧西(xi)(xi)瓜”栽培環境優美,森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率達24.83%。
三.地域范圍
阜寧縣隸屬(shu)江(jiang)蘇省鹽城(cheng)市。“阜寧西瓜”生產于阜寧縣黃(huang)泛沖積平原地(di)區,地(di)理坐(zuo)標為:東(dong)經119°27′10″~119°42′52″,北(bei)緯(wei)33°30′17″~33°51′3″。實際種植面積約(yue)5333.3公頃(qing),地(di)域保護范(fan)圍內面積54487.3公頃(qing),包(bao)含(han)阜寧縣蘆蒲鎮(zhen)、板湖鎮(zhen)、東(dong)溝鎮(zhen)、古河鎮(zhen)、羅橋鎮(zhen)五鎮(zhen)全部地(di)區和益林鎮(zhen)、羊寨鎮(zhen)、陳(chen)集(ji)鎮(zhen)、新溝鎮(zhen)四鎮(zhen)部分(fen)地(di)區,共(gong)186個(ge)村居。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1.外在(zai)感官:“阜寧西瓜”,極早熟(shu)栽培(pei)品種單(dan)(dan)瓜重1.5-2公(gong)斤(jin),果型(xing)橢圓(yuan)形,花皮,條紋(wen)清(qing)晰(xi);早熟(shu)栽培(pei)品種單(dan)(dan)果重5-7公(gong)斤(jin)果實圓(yuan)球形,花皮,條紋(wen)清(qing)晰(xi),色(se)澤新鮮。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi):“阜寧西(xi)瓜(gua)”,極(ji)早熟(shu)栽培(pei)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)實中(zhong)心含糖大于(yu)11g/100g,鮮紅(hong)瓤(rang),果(guo)皮厚0.4-0.5厘米,肉質(zhi)脆嫩爽(shuang)口(kou);早熟(shu)栽培(pei)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)實中(zhong)心含糖11.5g/100g以上,淺紅(hong)瓤(rang),果(guo)皮厚1厘米以下,色(se)澤鮮亮、均勻,汁多(duo)質(zhi)脆。
3、安全要求:“阜寧西(xi)瓜(gua)”產品質量符合《無公害食(shi)品 西(xi)甜瓜(gua)》(NY 5109—2005)質量標(biao)準。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)要求:產(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇土(tu)壤土(tu)質(zhi)疏松肥(fei)沃、耕(geng)作(zuo)層厚度(du)≥25cm、有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)≥1.6%、全氮1.6克(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)上,速效(xiao)磷(lin)24毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)上,速效(xiao)鉀140毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)上,生產(chan)(chan)區域內無(wu)工業“三廢”、城鎮生活、醫(yi)療廢棄物、重(zhong)金(jin)屬等(deng)污(wu)染(ran),排灌(guan)條件(jian)良(liang)好的沙壤土(tu)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)的大氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)、灌(guan)溉水質(zhi)量(liang)、土(tu)壤質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)經檢測、化驗(yan)符合《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品 西瓜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件(jian)》(NY 5110—2002)。
2、品種范(fan)圍:品種選用耐低溫(wen)、肉質纖維(wei)少、口感(gan)好,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)含(han)量11%以上,適應力強,豐(feng)產性好的(de)品種。極(ji)早(zao)熟栽培(pei)的(de)品種選擇“早(zao)春紅玉”、早(zao)熟栽培(pei)的(de)品種選擇“早(zao)佳(jia)(8424)”為主(zhu)導品種。
3、生(sheng)產過程管理:采(cai)取大(da)棚(peng)覆蓋(gai)管理,極早熟(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)三層(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)多膜覆蓋(gai),早熟(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)兩層(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)薄膜覆蓋(gai)栽(zai)培(pei),同時采(cai)取地(di)膜覆蓋(gai)。同一塊(kuai)土地(di)連續種(zhong)植時間不超過2年。基肥(fei)以有機肥(fei)為主,每667平(ping)方(fang)米施用(yong)(yong)500公斤以上(shang)。播種(zhong)時間:極早熟(shu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)1月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),早熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)1月(yue)下旬(xun)。采(cai)取穴盤育苗(miao)方(fang)式育苗(miao),苗(miao)齡期(qi)35~45天,每667平(ping)方(fang)米定(ding)植株數(shu):極早熟(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)800~850株,早熟(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)600~650株。定(ding)植后(hou)采(cai)取雙蔓(man)或三蔓(man)整枝管理,開花后(hou)第二雌花留果(guo),全面采(cai)取人(ren)工授粉,坐(zuo)果(guo)后(hou)15~20天,對果(guo)實(shi)進行(xing)一次翻身操作,將原與地(di)面接觸(chu)的(de)一面轉向上(shang)面。生(sheng)長期(qi)病蟲害防(fang)治主要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)物理和生(sheng)物 防(fang)治措施,并嚴格執行(xing)《無公害食品(pin)(pin):西瓜生(sheng)產技術規程》(NY/T5111-2002)。
4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲:嚴格控制西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi)間,確保“阜(fu)寧西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)”品(pin)質。“阜(fu)寧西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)”從授粉到(dao)成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi)間:極早(zao)熟栽培品(pin)種(zhong)28~38天,早(zao)熟栽培品(pin)種(zhong)30~40天。 5、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要求:“阜(fu)寧西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)”栽培按照無公害生產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)要求,對生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中投入品(pin)、田(tian)間管理、收(shou)獲、包裝銷售進行詳細(xi)記(ji)錄,建立(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量管理檔案,記(ji)錄數據保存2年以(yi)上。