一.產品介紹

路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)在宋朝就有栽培(pei)，宋嘉定《赤城志(zhi)(zhi)》載：“枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa) 葉陰密，不凋，冬花夏實。”《土物小識》記“枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)，葉婆(po)娑(suo)，冬開(kai)折花，來春(chun)結實，味甘美(mei)。……出安溶”。《民(min)國(guo)(guo)志(zhi)(zhi)稿》載：“本縣上山(shan)童一帶(dai)盛產(chan)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)”。1934年《浙江實業志(zhi)(zhi)》載，“黃(huang)巖枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)年產(chan)量9600擔，僅次(ci)于余杭，居全省(sheng)(sheng)第二”。1984年，以(yi)黃(huang)巖縣（路橋(qiao)區）枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)為(wei)原(yuan)料的糖水枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)罐頭還獲(huo)巴格(ge)達國(guo)(guo)際博(bo)覽會優質獎和國(guo)(guo)家(jia)經貿部(bu)榮譽獎。路橋(qiao)區1994年8月22日經國(guo)(guo)務院批準設立(li)。1996年，路橋(qiao)區桐嶼街(jie)道(dao)被農業部(bu)等有關(guan)單位命名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)之鄉”，1999年被省(sheng)(sheng)林業廳評(ping)為(wei)“浙江枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)之鄉”。路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)先(xian)后榮獲(huo)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際農業博(bo)覽會名(ming)牌產(chan)品，浙江農業博(bo)覽會“金(jin)獎”等。

二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因(yin)素

（1）土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)區(qu)(qu)背山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面海(hai)，丘陵與平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)相間(jian)(jian)，以(yi)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)黃平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心部分(fen)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔3米左右(you)；河(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)縱橫，水網(wang)密(mi)布，間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)孤(gu)丘點(dian)綴，沿(yan)海(hai)海(hai)岸曲折；島嶼(yu)星(xing)羅棋布，地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)西高東(dong)低(di)(di)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)為(wei)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，土(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)黃壤(rang)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)厚度1m以(yi)上(shang)(shang)；pH值6.5，有(you)(you)(you)機質含(han)量3.8%，速(su)效(xiao)磷29ppm，速(su)效(xiao)鉀113ppm，符合枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)條件。 （2）水文情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)因(yin)(yin)樹(shu)體對水分(fen)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較低(di)(di)且主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)布于(yu)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)緩坡，灌(guan)溉(gai)用(yong)水主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)水庫、積水塘、積水池(chi)內(nei)所積蓄雨水為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)河(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)水灌(guan)溉(gai)。 （3）氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu)，冬(dong)夏(xia)季(ji)長(chang)，春秋季(ji)短，四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明，雨水充(chong)足(zu)，空氣(qi)濕(shi)潤(run)，光照適宜，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)17.5℃，7、8月份(fen)最熱，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)28.1℃和(he)27.7℃，極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)40.3℃（2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）；1月份(fen)最冷，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)6.8℃，極(ji)端最低(di)(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-7.1℃（1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）；無霜期(qi)262天。受海(hai)洋(yang)性季(ji)風(feng)影(ying)(ying)響，全區(qu)(qu)降水充(chong)沛，常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量1533mm；蒸發(fa)量1283.7mm，相對濕(shi)度80%；年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時數1742h，≥10℃活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5521.3℃。 災害性天氣(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)臺風(feng)、暴雨、洪澇、寒潮(chao)及冰雹等(deng)，對農(nong)(nong)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)影(ying)(ying)響較大(da)(da)(da)。 （4）人(ren)文歷(li)史情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)：據西漢司馬(ma)相如《上(shang)(shang)林賦》中(zhong)就有(you)(you)(you)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)栽(zai)(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載，說明我國(guo)(guo)栽(zai)(zai)培枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)2100多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史，在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐宋(song)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)川(chuan)、湖北、陜西、江(jiang)(jiang)浙(zhe)，并已(yi)擴展到華南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。南(nan)宋(song)之(zhi)后，江(jiang)(jiang)浙(zhe)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)已(yi)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)領先地(di)(di)(di)位。建國(guo)(guo)后，枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)南(nan)各省(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)塘棲、黃巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、福(fu)建莆(pu)田(tian)、云霄、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇吳縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞庭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、安徽歙縣(xian)(xian)最為(wei)集(ji)中(zhong)。（注(zhu)：路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建區(qu)(qu)前隸屬黃巖(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)）。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)宋(song)朝就有(you)(you)(you)栽(zai)(zai)培，宋(song)嘉定赤城志中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa) 葉陰(yin)密(mi)不(bu)凋(diao)，冬(dong)花夏(xia)實”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載，20世紀五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)桐(tong)(tong)嶼(yu)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)童、峰江(jiang)(jiang)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)安溶。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，黃巖(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量躍(yue)居全國(guo)(guo)第一。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，黃巖(yan)(yan)(yan)罐頭(tou)(tou)食品(pin)(pin)廠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)567克糖水枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)罐頭(tou)(tou)，獲巴(ba)格達(da)國(guo)(guo)際博覽(lan)(lan)(lan)會(hui)優質獎(jiang)和(he)國(guo)(guo)家經貿(mao)部榮譽獎(jiang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷往東(dong)南(nan)亞各國(guo)(guo)和(he)港澳(ao)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)1.25萬噸，黃巖(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)占全國(guo)(guo)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量42%，其(qi)中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、共和(he)等(deng)5鄉(xiang)(xiang)面積近萬畝，是國(guo)(guo)內(nei)少有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)商品(pin)(pin)基地(di)(di)(di)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)19個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：紅肉(rou)類主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)紅袍、洛(luo)陽(yang)青、本地(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)鐘、圓種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、倒掛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、單(dan)邊種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)，白肉(rou)類主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)溪(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)白沙(sha)(sha)、硬(ying)條白沙(sha)(sha)和(he)安溶白沙(sha)(sha)等(deng)。通過多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，多(duo)(duo)數品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)被淘汰，目前主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)2個，即紅肉(rou)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洛(luo)陽(yang)青和(he)白肉(rou)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)(tong)嶼(yu)白沙(sha)(sha)，占栽(zai)(zai)培總(zong)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。洛(luo)陽(yang)青：為(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，因(yin)(yin)果(guo)實成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)時，果(guo)頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萼片仍青綠色(se)而(er)得名。樹(shu)勢(shi)(shi)中(zhong)等(deng)，抗逆性強(qiang)，較穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，5月底至(zhi)6月初成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，果(guo)耐(nai)運輸(shu)貯藏，是制作(zuo)罐頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理想品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)因(yin)(yin)罐頭(tou)(tou)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，最早(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)開始(shi)得到大(da)(da)(da)面積發(fa)展。桐(tong)(tong)嶼(yu)白砂：是從本地(di)(di)(di)溪(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)白砂枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝變選出，樹(shu)勢(shi)(shi)強(qiang)健，抗凍力較好，幼樹(shu)結果(guo)期(qi)早(zao)，果(guo)皮薄，易剝，果(guo)肉(rou)柔(rou)軟多(duo)(duo)汁，可溶性固形物含(han)量高，風(feng)味獨特(te)，作(zuo)為(wei)鮮食品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)得到快速(su)發(fa)展。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月22日(ri)經國(guo)(guo)務院批準(zhun)設立(li)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)區(qu)(qu)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)區(qu)(qu)桐(tong)(tong)嶼(yu)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)被農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部等(deng)有(you)(you)(you)關單(dan)位組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)命名委員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)”命名為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廳評(ping)為(wei)“浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”。為(wei)進(jin)一步(bu)做大(da)(da)(da)做強(qiang)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，發(fa)揮名牌農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)優勢(shi)(shi)，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，投資200多(duo)(duo)萬元，在(zai)(zai)(zai)桐(tong)(tong)嶼(yu)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)小(xiao)稠村(cun)建立(li)了(le)集(ji)賞(shang)花、采(cai)摘、品(pin)(pin)賞(shang)于(yu)一體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)觀(guan)光園(yuan)—枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊，現已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功舉辦了(le)十(shi)屆枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)旅游觀(guan)光節(jie)活動(dong)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待游客5000人(ren)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)文化。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編制了(le)DB331004/T 04.1-1999《路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)優質安全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)》地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)送樣參評(ping)，2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)榮獲中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)博覽(lan)(lan)(lan)會(hui)名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，2001-2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)連續兩屆榮獲浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)博覽(lan)(lan)(lan)會(hui)“金獎(jiang)”。 2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，邀請浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)學和(he)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)林學院教授專(zhuan)家前來(lai)咨詢(xun)會(hui)診，研究制訂了(le)《路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)》和(he)《路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)優質實用(yong)栽(zai)(zai)培技術規(gui)程》。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，轄區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)省(sheng)(sheng)級示(shi)范(fan)性專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)社(she)--浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)紅袍水果(guo)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)社(she)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)首家依法工(gong)商注(zhu)冊(ce)登記(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)社(she)，全國(guo)(guo)人(ren)大(da)(da)(da)副委員(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)何魯麗，政協(xie)副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席周鐵農(nong)(nong)、阿(a)不(bu)來(lai)提.阿(a)不(bu)熱多(duo)(duo)西，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)呂(lv)祖善，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部副部長(chang)范(fan)小(xiao)建等(deng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)曾親臨合作(zuo)社(she)考察、指導。枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調(diao)整、農(nong)(nong)民(min)增收(shou)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)致富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)市民(min)休閑、娛(yu)樂、嬉戲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好去處。

三.地域范圍

路(lu)橋區是臺州(zhou)市的(de)主體城(cheng)區之(zhi)一(yi)，地處浙江(jiang)(jiang)沿海(hai)(hai)中部，中國(guo)黃金海(hai)(hai)岸(an)中段，溫黃平原腹部。境(jing)域東(dong)瀕東(dong)海(hai)(hai)，南(nan)接溫嶺(ling)，西(xi)鄰黃巖，北(bei)連椒江(jiang)(jiang)，內陸總(zong)面積274平方(fang)(fang)公里，建成(cheng)區面積29.25平方(fang)(fang)公里。路(lu)橋枇杷農(nong)產品地理標志保護范圍包括(kuo)路(lu)橋區的(de)桐嶼(yu)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、峰(feng)江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、螺洋街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、路(lu)北(bei)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)4個街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)22個村(cun)(cun)(cun)，東(dong)至峰(feng)江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)白楓岙村(cun)(cun)(cun)，南(nan)至峰(feng)江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)安溶村(cun)(cun)(cun)，西(xi)至桐嶼(yu)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)小稠村(cun)(cun)(cun)，北(bei)至桐嶼(yu)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)峰(feng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)13.3公里，南(nan)北(bei)寬18.8公里，地理坐標為東(dong)經120°13′00″～121°22′00″，北(bei)緯(wei)28°27′00″～28°38′00″。

四.產品品質特性特征(zheng)

（1）外(wai)在(zai)感官特征：紅肉類洛陽(yang)青(qing)枇杷(pa)：果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂萼片呈青(qing)綠色(se)(se)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形或圓(yuan)形，平均果(guo)(guo)(guo)重33克，最(zui)(zui)大可達65克。果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂圓(yuan)鈍或平廣，果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)橙(cheng)(cheng)紅色(se)(se)，銹斑少，皮(pi)厚韌，易剝離(li)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉橙(cheng)(cheng)紅色(se)(se)，軟硬適(shi)中，汁液(ye)中等，肉質細膩，甜酸(suan)(suan)適(shi)度。耐運輸貯藏，除鮮(xian)食(shi)外(wai)，是制作罐頭的最(zui)(zui)好品(pin)種。白沙(sha)枇杷(pa)：果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)卵圓(yuan)形，單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重35克以上(shang)，最(zui)(zui)大可達70克。果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)淡橙(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se)(se)，有銹斑，果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄，易剝，果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白色(se)(se)，柔軟多汁，味甜，有香(xiang)氣，風(feng)味獨(du)特，為鮮(xian)食(shi)極優品(pin)種。 （2）內在(zai)品(pin)質指標：可溶(rong)性固形物洛陽(yang)青(qing)枇杷(pa)10-14%，白沙(sha)枇杷(pa)12～17%；可食(shi)率為60%以上(shang)，總酸(suan)(suan)含量(liang)≤0.7 g/100mL。并含有豐富纖維(wei)素、果(guo)(guo)(guo)膠、胡蘿(luo)卜素、蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)、檸檬酸(suan)(suan)、鉀、磷、鐵、鈣及維(wei)生素A、B、C等。 （3）安全要求(qiu)：路橋枇杷(pa)執(zhi)行DB331004/T 04.1-2006《無公害枇杷(pa)》果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)標準要求(qiu)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇：選(xuan)擇背風(feng)(feng)向陽(yang)，海拔高(gao)度100m、坡(po)度25°以下的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)，建園(yuan)時(shi)宜修(xiu)(xiu)筑成水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)梯(ti)田。平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)擇地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢高(gao)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位低(di)的(de)(de)(de)田地(di)(di)(di)(di)。選(xuan)擇土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松的(de)(de)(de)泥砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)或(huo)砂礫質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，有機質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于2.0%以上(shang)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值5-7為(wei)宜。 （2）品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇：選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性、穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性好，抗病(bing)(bing)性強，品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良(liang)，適(shi)合(he)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)候特點和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件的(de)(de)(de)枇杷品(pin)(pin)種――紅肉類(lei)：洛陽(yang)青;白肉類(lei)：桐嶼白沙、溪上(shang)白沙。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)農業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)管理：定(ding)植(zhi)苗于2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)或(huo)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)定(ding)植(zhi)，行(xing)距（3-4），株距（2.5-3）m，畦南(nan)北(bei)向，按(an)株距筑定(ding)植(zhi)穴(xue)，穴(xue)內施(shi)(shi)足(zu)底肥，定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)應(ying)高(gao)出(chu)畦面(mian)(mian)25-30cm。定(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)潤。天(tian)(tian)晴風(feng)(feng)大(da)(da)，勤澆(jiao)(jiao)稀薄肥水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，根(gen)際覆草(cao)保濕(shi)，大(da)(da)苗定(ding)植(zhi)立防(fang)風(feng)(feng)桿，可(ke)(ke)適(shi)當剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)死株，及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)補種。定(ding)干(gan)高(gao)度30-40cm。培養(yang)成雙層杯狀形(xing)(xing)和(he)自然開心形(xing)(xing)，樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)控制在2-2.5m。各次梢(shao)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)初期，即3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)和(he)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。強樹(shu)(shu)勢多(duo)留(liu)，弱(ruo)(ruo)樹(shu)(shu)勢少(shao)留(liu)。春(chun)剪(jian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)量(liang)(liang)不超過(guo)(guo)總枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)20%；夏(xia)剪(jian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)量(liang)(liang)不超過(guo)(guo)總枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)30%。疏刪密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，樹(shu)(shu)冠郁(yu)閉徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)從基部剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)，培養(yang)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組；對遠(yuan)離大(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，進(jin)行(xing)回縮修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)。回縮的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)留(liu)基部（10-15）cm并斜剪(jian)（鋸）。花(hua)穗支(zhi)軸分(fen)離至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)期，疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)穗上(shang)半部、基部的(de)(de)(de)小支(zhi)軸及(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)部支(zhi)軸頂端(duan)1/3花(hua)蕾。保留(liu)花(hua)穗中(zhong)部的(de)(de)(de)（4-6）個(ge)支(zhi)軸。疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)蕾量(liang)(liang)20%-30%。 3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，根(gen)據(ju)8：1的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)果(guo)比(bi)留(liu)果(guo)，每(mei)穗留(liu)（2-3）個(ge)果(guo)，4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，結合(he)最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)次疏果(guo)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)單層白色或(huo)棕(zong)色枇杷專用(yong)(yong)(yong)袋進(jin)行(xing)套(tao)袋。結果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)施(shi)(shi)肥，全年(nian)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)春(chun)肥（1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，占全年(nian)施(shi)(shi)肥量(liang)(liang)15%-20%）、夏(xia)肥（采(cai)收(shou)(shou)前后(hou)一(yi)(yi)星期，占全年(nian)施(shi)(shi)肥量(liang)(liang)50%以上(shang)）、秋(qiu)肥（9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，占全年(nian)施(shi)(shi)肥量(liang)(liang)30%-35%）。在各個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.1%-0.3%磷酸(suan)二氫(qing)鉀(jia)、硼(peng)砂，或(huo)高(gao)效復合(he)肥等葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)樹(shu)(shu)冠噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)。枇杷樹(shu)(shu)在伏(fu)旱、秋(qiu)旱葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)出(chu)現(xian)萎蔫時(shi)在早(zao)晨或(huo)傍(bang)晚(wan)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。山(shan)上(shang)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池，實(shi)行(xing)噴(pen)灌(guan)、滴灌(guan)、澆(jiao)(jiao)灌(guan)。平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統旱時(shi)灌(guan)溉，也可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)狀或(huo)穴(xue)狀澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。3-6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)春(chun)夏(xia)雨季及(ji)(ji)(ji)暴雨后(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。果(guo)實(shi)采(cai)摘前遇到多(duo)雨天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)通過(guo)(guo)薄膜(mo)覆蓋(gai)控水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，提高(gao)果(guo)實(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。根(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)展規律，因時(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜合(he)理運用(yong)(yong)(yong)農業防(fang)治(zhi)、化學防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)等措施(shi)(shi)，經濟、安全、有效地(di)(di)(di)(di)控制病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)。枇杷需要(yao)(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)主要(yao)(yao)有：葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)、枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)、果(guo)實(shi)栓皮(pi)病(bing)(bing)、黃毛蟲(chong)(chong)、梨小食心蟲(chong)(chong)、角(jiao)點毒蛾、舟形(xing)(xing)毛蟲(chong)(chong)、天(tian)(tian)牛、蓑蛾等。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)農藥(yao)，在同一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)周期內，應(ying)做好藥(yao)物交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，禁止同一(yi)(yi)藥(yao)物多(duo)次使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 （4）產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)：鮮(xian)食枇杷應(ying)在充分(fen)著色，表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)該品(pin)(pin)種固有色澤(ze)，品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)最佳時(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。供貯藏(zang)、遠(yuan)銷(xiao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)加工用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)，可(ke)(ke)在果(guo)皮(pi)80-90%轉色時(shi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇晴天(tian)(tian)，貯運的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)宜在早(zao)上(shang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)傍(bang)晚(wan)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，避免在雨天(tian)(tian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)烈日下采(cai)果(guo)，套(tao)袋的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)連袋一(yi)(yi)起采(cai)，選(xuan)果(guo)時(shi)去袋。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)手捏(nie)住果(guo)柄，小心折斷，最好用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)果(guo)剪(jian)剪(jian)下，輕拿輕放，盡量(liang)(liang)避免蹭掉果(guo)面(mian)(mian)茸(rong)毛。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄：應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，建立田間生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術檔案以及(ji)(ji)(ji)農業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄，建立銷(xiao)貨臺帳(zhang)，詳細記(ji)(ji)錄產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售時(shi)間、數量(liang)(liang)與(yu)去向，以備查(cha)閱。

六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規(gui)定(ding)

（1）貯運(yun)：采收后果實(shi)經過挑選，剔除傷(shang)果，盡(jin)快地(di)進入溫度為(wei)20℃的(de)冷庫(ku)(ku)緩沖間(jian)置放2-3小(xiao)后再進入冷庫(ku)(ku)。在庫(ku)(ku)內(nei)堆(dui)放時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)呈品(pin)(pin)字形堆(dui)放，箱與箱之(zhi)間(jian)留有一定(ding)的(de)間(jian)隙，以利通風和(he)降(jiang)溫。枇杷進庫(ku)(ku)后，溫度控制(zhi)一般第1-5天為(wei)8℃-13℃，第6-10天為(wei)6℃-10℃.第11天起為(wei)3℃-5℃。出(chu)冷庫(ku)(ku)時(shi)也應(ying)(ying)在緩沖間(jian)擱(ge)置2-3小(xiao)時(shi)，用(yong)(yong)冷藏運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)車運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)。 （2）標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識：標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)應(ying)(ying)在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或其(qi)包裝(zhuang)上統一使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)路橋(qiao)枇杷名(ming)稱和(he)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識相結合(he)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注形式）。 （3）包裝(zhuang)：枇杷的(de)包裝(zhuang)要求容器保持干燥、清潔、無污染，應(ying)(ying)按同品(pin)(pin)種、同等級、同規格的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)分別包裝(zhuang)。用(yong)(yong)網盒、著絨(rong)吸塑果杯(bei)加紙箱加保鮮膜(mo)、泡(pao)沫塑料箱加餐布紙等包裝(zhuang)。 （4）申請(qing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)路橋(qiao)枇杷農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)者或經營(ying)者，應(ying)(ying)向路橋(qiao)區林(lin)(lin)特總站遞交《路橋(qiao)枇杷農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)申請(qing)書》。總站對(dui)(dui)申請(qing)人(ren)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)情況進行(xing)實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察，并對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)進行(xing)抽檢(jian)，經審核(he)合(he)格后，才能(neng)同意發放使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者應(ying)(ying)有專人(ren)負責路橋(qiao)枇杷農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)工作。 （5）使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者要接受路橋(qiao)區林(lin)(lin)特總站對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量的(de)不定(ding)期檢(jian)測和(he)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)監(jian)督。