一.產品介紹
永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)是福建省永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)地(di)方特(te)(te)色農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)之一,栽培(pei)歷史(shi)悠久,迄(qi)今已有幾百年歷史(shi)。在(zai)《永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi)》(萬歷本)卷四田賦志(zhi)“物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)”和《永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi)》(順治本)卷四田賦志(zhi)“物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(志(zhi))”、《永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)縣志(zhi).續志(zhi)》(道(dao)光(guang)本)卷之九,“物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)”中(zhong)均有記載。特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理環(huan)境培(pei)育(yu)了永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi),以(yi)其辣(la)、香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和其它辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味,倍(bei)受各地(di)消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞(lai),堪稱八閩(min)一絕(jue)。 目(mu)前生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao) 1號系從永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)市地(di)方特(te)(te)色辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)系統(tong)選育(yu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其外(wai)觀色澤黃(huang)(huang)亮,辣(la)味爽口剌激,清香(xiang)(xiang)濃郁,風(feng)味獨(du)特(te)(te),具有“辣(la)、香(xiang)(xiang)、脆、潤”四大(da)特(te)(te)點。黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)中(zhong)含有黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)素,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)保(bao)持黃(huang)(huang)色不(bu)變,果(guo)(guo)辣(la)具香(xiang)(xiang)味,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)極優(you)。2010年 2月通過福建省農(nong)作物(wu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委員會認(ren)(ren)定。永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao) 1號為尖椒(jiao)(jiao)類中(zhong)晚(wan)熟(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)成熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)作為調味品(pin)(pin)食用。為了維護永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)國內外(wai)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好信譽,保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者和消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益,2009年永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)獲農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)保(bao)護登記和注冊商標(biao)登記。多個(ge)合(he)作社、企業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),其中(zhong)永(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)市萬豐蔬菜果(guo)(guo)業(ye)有限公司(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積230畝,2013年通過無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng),獲得無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)志(zhi)使用權(quan),通過無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng),帶(dai)動廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)戶進行無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),提高黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量。
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)(rang)地貌情(qing)況(kuang):永安市處于武夷山(shan)脈與戴云山(shan)脈的過渡地帶,全市以紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)面積最(zui)大,其次為黃壤(rang)(rang)和水(shui)稻土,水(shui)稻土面積達(da)22.41萬畝,其中以黃泥(ni)田和灰(hui)泥(ni)田為主,pH值在(zai)4.5-6.5之間(jian),有機質含量(liang)在(zai)20-30g/kg之間(jian),土壤(rang)(rang)深(shen)厚肥沃。森(sen)林覆蓋率(lv)達(da)83.2%,地貌特征為“九(jiu)山(shan)半水(shui)半分田”。
2、水(shui)文情況:永安市河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)眾(zhong)多(duo),主(zhu)要河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有13條,可劃分為(wei)沙溪(xi)水(shui)系、尤(you)溪(xi)水(shui)系、九(jiu)龍(long)江水(shui)系,全市河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)具有坡(po)度陡,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)天(tian)然落差大,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量充沛(pei),最主(zhu)要的為(wei)九(jiu)龍(long)溪(xi),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積7363平方(fang)公里(li),干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)長203公里(li),年平均流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量為(wei)每秒(miao)230立方(fang)米,水(shui)資源十分豐富(fu)。地表水(shui)及地下水(shui)水(shui)質優良,污染程度低,為(wei)理想(xiang)的農業和人居生活用水(shui)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:永(yong)安市(shi)屬中亞(ya)熱帶海洋性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,但由于市(shi)境內山川(chuan)交錯,丘(qiu)陵起伏,地形復雜(za),海拔高(gao)差懸殊大(da),垂直小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候差異(yi)明顯(xian)。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫在14.3-19.2℃之間;>10℃積溫5178.1℃-5729.1℃。7月份(fen)(fen)平(ping)均(jun)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)28-35℃。一(yi)月份(fen)(fen)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫在7.7℃-8.6℃。年平(ping)均(jun)降水量1495-2060㎜,年日照時(shi)數1875.3小時(shi),無霜期302天。優越的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件有利(li)于永(yong)安黃椒生產。
4、人文歷史(shi)(shi)情況:永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培歷史(shi)(shi)悠久,迄今已(yi)有(you)幾百年歷史(shi)(shi)。在《永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(萬歷本)卷四田賦志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“物(wu)產”和《永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(順治(zhi)本)卷四田賦志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“物(wu)產(志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))”、《永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)·續志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》(道光(guang)本)卷之九·“物(wu)產”中均有(you)記載。據三(san)明市經濟作(zuo)物(wu)局、三(san)明市蔬(shu)菜辦聯合編寫的(de)(de)《三(san)明市蔬(shu)菜資(zi)源(yuan)品(pin)種(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》第(di)六(liu)章茄果類(lei)辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)部分記載:“品(pin)種(zhong)名稱(cheng):黃(huang)(huang)辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培歷史(shi)(shi):悠久分布地區:永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)”。永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)辣(la)、香品(pin)質和風味,倍受各地消費者的(de)(de)喜愛,堪稱(cheng)八閩一絕。永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)的(de)(de)地理環境培育了黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獨特(te)的(de)(de)品(pin)質,其(qi)外觀色澤黃(huang)(huang)亮,辣(la)味爽口剌(la)激(ji),清(qing)香濃(nong)郁,風味獨特(te)。黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)果實(shi)中含(han)有(you)黃(huang)(huang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)素,果皮保(bao)持桔黃(huang)(huang)色不變(bian),其(qi)速凍(dong)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian),簡(jian)易方便,貯(zhu)藏一年以上,仍(reng)能(neng)保(bao)持鮮(xian)(xian)品(pin)原(yuan)(yuan)形原(yuan)(yuan)色原(yuan)(yuan)味,內質不變(bian)。
三.地域范圍
地(di)(di)域范圍包(bao)括永安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)15個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao))即燕(yan)(yan)東街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)南(nan)(nan)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)西街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、燕(yan)(yan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、安(an)(an)(an)砂鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大湖(hu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、曹遠鎮(zhen)(zhen)、貢川(chuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上坪鄉(xiang)、小陶鎮(zhen)(zhen)、洪田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、羅坊鄉(xiang)、西洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、青(qing)水鄉(xiang)、槐南(nan)(nan)鄉(xiang)。永安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)位于福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)中偏西,沙(sha)溪上游,東西寬82公(gong)里(li),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長約71公(gong)里(li)。地(di)(di)理位置為(wei)東經116°56′-117°47′,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯25°33′-26°12′,海拔135-1705米。東與福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)大田(tian)縣接壤,西與福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)連城縣、清流縣毗(pi)連,南(nan)(nan)與福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)龍(long)巖、漳(zhang)平(ping)市(shi)交(jiao)界,北(bei)(bei)(bei)靠福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)三明市(shi)、明溪縣為(wei)鄰。全市(shi)土地(di)(di)總面(mian)積(ji)2942平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(折(zhe)441.35萬(wan)畝),其中,林業用地(di)(di)382萬(wan)畝,耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)22.41萬(wan)畝。目前,全市(shi)種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)5000畝。
四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:果(guo)(guo)實(shi)形狀為圓錐形、單果(guo)(guo)重5-12克,成熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)色澤桔黃(huang),果(guo)(guo)皮鮮亮,果(guo)(guo)肉辣度高且帶香(xiang),具有永安黃(huang)椒特有的品質特征。
2、安全要(yao)求:永安黃椒(jiao)執(zhi)行(xing)《NY5005-2001無公害食品(pin)茄果類蔬菜》標準的規定。
五.特定生產方式
1、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇(ze):永安黃椒具(ju)有(you)抗病抗蟲性(xing)強,抗逆性(xing)強的特性(xing)。該品(pin)種(zhong)在(zai)常規種(zhong)植下120天(tian)左(zuo)右采(cai)收。品(pin)種(zhong)要求符(fu)合果(guo)實形(xing)狀為(wei)圓錐形(xing),成熟果(guo)實色澤桔黃,果(guo)皮鮮亮,果(guo)肉辣(la)度(du)高且帶香(xiang)。單果(guo)重5-12克,種(zhong)子(zi)千(qian)粒重4.5-6.0克。
2、產(chan)地選(xuan)擇與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)要求:永(yong)安市轄區11個鄉鎮4個辦事處,主要集中在(zai)燕南、燕西、青水(shui)、西洋、小陶、洪田、大(da)湖,產(chan)地環(huan)境必須符(fu)合《NY5010-2002無公害(hai)食品蔬(shu)菜產(chan)地環(huan)境條(tiao)件》的要求。永(yong)安黃(huang)椒每年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)上、中旬(xun)(xun)至次年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)播種(zhong)(zhong),3月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)移植(zhi)(zhi)到大(da)田,果實(shi)生長(chang)期為綠色,成熟轉黃(huang),6月(yue)(yue)(yue)開(kai)(kai)始采(cai)摘期,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)至8月(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)為盛(sheng)收(shou)期,終(zhong)期在(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)。但在(zai)山(shan)壟(long)田或青水(shui)等高海拔(ba)鄉鎮,采(cai)收(shou)期可延長(chang)到11月(yue)(yue)(yue)底。反季(ji)節栽培7-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)播種(zhong)(zhong),11月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)(xun)開(kai)(kai)始采(cai)摘,4月(yue)(yue)(yue)底結束。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)要求按照(zhao)《永(yong)安黃(huang)椒無公害(hai)栽培技術(shu)規程》執行。
3、生產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理:永(yong)安(an)黃椒生產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)符合《NY5005-2001無公(gong)害食品茄果類蔬菜》和(he)《永(yong)安(an)黃椒無公(gong)害栽培技術規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》。
4、產品(pin)收(shou)獲及后(hou)續管理:永安黃椒在(zai)果皮80%綠(lv)轉(zhuan)黃色,果實(shi)大(da)小(xiao)基本(ben)定型,呈(cheng)現出(chu)香辣味時采(cai)(cai)收(shou),黃熟時每3-5天(tian)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)一次,高峰(feng)期2天(tian)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)一次。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)所用工具要清潔、衛(wei)生、無污(wu)染,采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou),及時清除明顯缺陷果、傷(shang)疤果及等(deng)外果,產品(pin)使(shi)用保鮮袋保鮮貯藏(zang)銷售。
5、生產記(ji)錄(lu):永安黃椒生產過程要建立生產檔案(an),記(ji)錄(lu)投入(ru)品(pin)的名稱、使用時間(jian)、次數、用量(liang)、使用方法(fa)、收獲日期等,全面記(ji)載并妥善保存(cun)。