一.產品介紹
沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋率53.4%,林木綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率57.3%,境內立體(ti)體(ti)氣候明(ming)顯,生態(tai)植(zhi)被良好(hao),原始風貌濃郁(yu),自然生態(tai)獨特(te),特(te)別(bie)是蘊(yun)藏著極為豐(feng)富的(de)(de)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉(fen)源資(zi)源,美譽(yu)為“養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)的(de)(de)樂園”。全(quan)縣共有蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉(fen)源植(zhi)物40余(yu)(yu)科、100余(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong),面(mian)積(ji)133830公(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源面(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)26666.7公(gong)頃(qing),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)、分布廣、蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)量(liang)大(da)、產(chan)量(liang)穩、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)高而聞名(ming)全(quan)國(guo)(guo),是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源地(di)(di)之(zhi)一和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)四大(da)名(ming)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)--刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)主產(chan)地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷史悠(you)久(jiu),據(ju)康熙(xi)(xi)縣志(zhi)記載(zai),2500年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)先(xian)民就開(kai)始散(san)養“土(tu)(tu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三五(wu)窩,不愁吃喝穿(chuan)”的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)諺語在我縣流傳了(le)數百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。清康熙(xi)(xi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)“土(tu)(tu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養已(yi)具一定規模,“土(tu)(tu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)也成為當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)一種(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)“雜產(chan)”,到上(shang)(shang)世紀30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)“土(tu)(tu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養已(yi)達(da)(da)8000余(yu)(yu)窩,成為當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)農民支補(bu)家費開(kai)支一種(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)來(lai)(lai)源。建(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)后,黨和(he)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)為了(le)加(jia)快沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan),于上(shang)(shang)世紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代專門派人到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農科院(yuan)學(xue)習養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術(shu),并引進(jin)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從此(ci)走(zou)上(shang)(shang)現(xian)代科學(xue)養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道路,特(te)別(bie)是進(jin)入(ru)新世紀以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)迎(ying)來(lai)(lai)第二個(ge)(ge)春天(tian),優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、規模化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),成為發(fa)展(zhan)主體(ti),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始向高端(duan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、安(an)全(quan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、循環化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)變軌發(fa)展(zhan)。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)被列(lie)入(ru)“國(guo)(guo)家現(xian)代蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)示(shi)范(fan)縣,2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),山(shan)西(xi)(xi)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學(xue)在我縣建(jian)(jian)立了(le)《特(te)色(se)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研究(jiu)基地(di)(di)》,2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學(xue)會七(qi)屆三次常務理(li)事會討論通過,與(yu)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)共建(jian)(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)鄉”,并在沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)(chang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)更以(yi)(yi)無污染、無公(gong)害走(zou)俏國(guo)(guo)內外市場(chang)(chang),在國(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)際上(shang)(shang)久(jiu)負(fu)盛名(ming),遠銷(xiao)德、日、英(ying)、法等國(guo)(guo),是沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣的(de)(de)傳統出口(kou)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)。為了(le)進(jin)一步提升沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣成立了(le)縣蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會,建(jian)(jian)立蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)良種(zhong)(zhong)繁育場(chang)(chang),發(fa)展(zhan)了(le)5個(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小型蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),38個(ge)(ge)養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社,注(zhu)冊了(le)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)(he)浪(lang)(lang)花”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花”、“歷山(shan)”、“金田(tian)園”、“憨老農”5個(ge)(ge)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)商(shang)(shang)標(biao),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花”牌(pai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)獲(huo)國(guo)(guo)家有機食(shi)品(pin)認(ren)證,“憨老農”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)獲(huo)國(guo)(guo)家綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)認(ren)證,“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)(he)浪(lang)(lang)花”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花”2個(ge)(ge)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)獲(huo)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省著名(ming)商(shang)(shang)標(biao)。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)現(xian)存欄蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)5.4萬余(yu)(yu)箱,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可生產(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)1000余(yu)(yu)噸,外地(di)(di)客商(shang)(shang)可通過沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)購銷(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、養蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社及我縣蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)電子商(shang)(shang)務平(ping)臺集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)購銷(xiao),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)銷(xiao)售收入(ru)達(da)(da)到3000萬元,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)已(yi)成為沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)最具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)優(you)勢農產(chan)品(pin)和(he)最具發(fa)展(zhan)強(qiang)力(li)的(de)(de)農村致富優(you)勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:沁水縣地(di)(di)勢(shi)東南(nan)(nan)低(di)(di)(di)而(er)西南(nan)(nan)高(gao)(gao)(gao),由(you)東南(nan)(nan)--東北--西南(nan)(nan)呈(cheng)扇形展開逐步增高(gao)(gao)(gao)。境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戀重疊、溝壑(he)縱橫,高(gao)(gao)(gao)差(cha)懸(xuan)殊,最(zui)西南(nan)(nan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)(chu)歷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)舜王坪(ping)海拔達2358米,而(er)西南(nan)(nan)最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)嘉峰鎮尉遲村沁河(he)出口海拔僅520米,相對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)差(cha)1838米。全縣地(di)(di)貌可(ke)分為中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區、低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區、河(he)谷平(ping)(ping)川(chuan)區三種類型,其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區占縣域總面積(ji)(ji)的40%,多(duo)為林地(di)(di)或林間草地(di)(di)。植被條(tiao)件好(hao),自然土(tu)(tu)壤多(duo)為林溶褐土(tu)(tu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)褐土(tu)(tu)。低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區占縣域總面積(ji)(ji)的50%,土(tu)(tu)壤多(duo)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)褐土(tu)(tu),為全縣主(zhu)要糧(liang)油(you)產地(di)(di)和(he)牧坡草場。河(he)谷平(ping)(ping)川(chuan)區占縣域總面積(ji)(ji)的10%,土(tu)(tu)壤多(duo)為沖積(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃,灌(guan)溉條(tiao)件好(hao),是本(ben)縣糧(liang)油(you)作物高(gao)(gao)(gao)產區。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)系屬黃河(he)(he)(he)流域,沁(qin)河(he)(he)(he)支(zhi)流。主要有沁(qin)河(he)(he)(he)、縣河(he)(he)(he)、端(duan)氏河(he)(he)(he)、龍渠河(he)(he)(he)、土沃河(he)(he)(he)、鄭村河(he)(he)(he)、蘇莊河(he)(he)(he)、必底河(he)(he)(he)、張(zhang)村河(he)(he)(he)、中村河(he)(he)(he)等(deng)十大河(he)(he)(he)流,其中沁(qin)河(he)(he)(he)是全(quan)(quan)縣境(jing)內(nei)最(zui)(zui)大的河(he)(he)(he)流,是山西(xi)省第二大河(he)(he)(he),年流量(liang)6.22億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),平均(jun)流量(liang)16.5立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),是山西(xi)省八(ba)大河(he)(he)(he)流中含沙(sha)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)少(shao)的河(he)(he)(he)流。全(quan)(quan)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)9.8億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),人(ren)均(jun)擁有水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)山西(xi)第一。水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)充沛(pei),無(wu)工業污(wu)染,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈、純(chun)凈,是理想的農業用水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)保持(chi)良好。
3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況:沁(qin)水(shui)屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖帶季風氣候(hou)區,境(jing)(jing)內地(di)形(xing)復雜,形(xing)成各(ge)地(di)小(xiao)氣候(hou)差異。主要特點是:冬天風多雨少,夏季高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)多雨,西部涼(liang)爽,東部溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),年(nian)(nian)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)平均(jun)(jun)在10.3℃左右(you),1月(yue)零下4.8℃,7月(yue)23℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照時數(shu)2629.9小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)≥14℃,有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3412.6℃。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量643.7毫米(mi),霜凍期為(wei)10月(yue)上旬至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)4月(yue),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期193天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)濕度(du)65%,風速2.6m/s;水(shui)資源(yuan)總量為(wei)9.8億立(li)方米(mi),人均(jun)(jun)擁有水(shui)資源(yuan)是全省人均(jun)(jun)水(shui)平的(de)3.7倍。境(jing)(jing)內雨水(shui)適(shi)度(du),日照充足,適(shi)宜各(ge)種動(dong)植物(wu)特別是蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)生長、繁衍和(he)泌蜜(mi)。多山地(di)地(di)形(xing),從山谷到(dao)山頂,構(gou)成了同一蜜(mi)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)不同花期早、中(zhong)、 晚之分的(de)立(li)體(ti)蜜(mi)源(yuan),蜂蜜(mi)純度(du)高(gao)。沁(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂蜜(mi)保護范圍(wei)內沒有地(di)面大型工礦污(wu)染企業,為(wei)沁(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂蜜(mi)生產提供了優質空氣,使沁(qin)水(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂蜜(mi)具備了氣味(wei)清(qing)香,口感甜(tian)潤的(de)特質。
4、人文歷史情況(kuang):沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率53.4%,林(lin)木綠(lv)化(hua)率57.3%,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)千年古(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保(bao)護重(zhong)點區域、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)綠(lv)色名縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、國(guo)家(jia)級生(sheng)(sheng)態示(shi)范(fan)區、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)低(di)碳旅(lv)游縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)標志推(tui)廣與監管示(shi)范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)綠(lv)色環(huan)保(bao)百強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。境內立體(ti)體(ti)氣候明(ming)顯,生(sheng)(sheng)態植被(bei)良(liang)好,原始(shi)風貌濃(nong)郁,自然生(sheng)(sheng)態獨特(te),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)蘊藏著極為(wei)(wei)豐富的(de)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),美譽為(wei)(wei)“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者的(de)樂園”。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共有蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)植物40余(yu)科(ke)、100余(yu)種,面積200余(yu)萬畝,以刺(ci)槐、刺(ci)槐、狼牙刺(ci)三(san)大蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以其(qi)面積大、分布廣、蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)量大、產(chan)量穩、質量高而聞名全(quan)國(guo),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)四(si)大名蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)--刺(ci)槐蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)主產(chan)地之一(yi)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)現(xian)存欄蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群(qun)54903箱,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存欄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)10298箱,有養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)戶(hu)1200余(yu)戶(hu)。是(shi)(shi)山(shan)西省(sheng)第一(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)大縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),2015年3月(yue)18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學會(hui)七屆三(san)次常務理(li)(li)事(shi)(shi)會(hui)討論通過(guo),與沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共建(jian)(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之鄉(xiang)”。沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷史悠久(jiu),據康(kang)熙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志記載,2500年前沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)先民就開(kai)始(shi)散養(yang)(yang)(yang)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三(san)五窩(wo)(wo),不(bu)愁吃喝(he)穿”的(de)地方(fang)(fang)諺語在我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)流傳了數百年。清(qing)康(kang)熙年間,沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已具一(yi)定規(gui)模(mo)(mo),“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)也(ye)成為(wei)(wei)當地一(yi)種重(zhong)要“雜產(chan)”,到上世(shi)紀(ji)30年代,沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已達8000余(yu)窩(wo)(wo),成為(wei)(wei)當地農民支補家(jia)費開(kai)支一(yi)種重(zhong)要的(de)經濟來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。建(jian)(jian)國(guo)以后,黨和政府為(wei)(wei)了加快沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),于上世(shi)紀(ji)50年代專門(men)派(pai)人到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農科(ke)院學習養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術,并(bing)引進西方(fang)(fang)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從此走(zou)(zou)上現(xian)代科(ke)學養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道路,特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)進入新(xin)世(shi)紀(ji)以來,沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)迎來第二個春天,優(you)質化(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化(hua)、標準化(hua),成為(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主體(ti),沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始(shi)向(xiang)高端化(hua)、安(an)全(quan)化(hua)、循(xun)環(huan)化(hua)變軌發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。2011年,沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)被(bei)列(lie)入“國(guo)家(jia)現(xian)代蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系示(shi)范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),2012年,山(shan)西農業(ye)(ye)(ye)大學在我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)立了《特(te)色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)研究基(ji)地》,2015年3月(yue)18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學會(hui)七屆三(san)次常務理(li)(li)事(shi)(shi)會(hui)討論通過(guo),與沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共建(jian)(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之鄉(xiang)”,并(bing)在沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“全(quan)國(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場”。沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)更(geng)以無(wu)污染、無(wu)公(gong)害走(zou)(zou)俏國(guo)內外市場,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)“沁(qin)(qin)花”牌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)獲國(guo)家(jia)“國(guo)家(jia)有機食品(pin)認證”,“沁(qin)(qin)花”“沁(qin)(qin)河浪(lang)花”、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)商標獲“山(shan)西省(sheng)著名商標”。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志登(deng)記管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)規定以及(ji)沁(qin)水刺槐蜂蜜特(te)定的(de)自然生態環境條件,經沁(qin)水縣畜牧獸醫局研究決定,并廣(guang)泛征求有關方面的(de)意見(jian),劃定沁(qin)水刺槐蜂蜜地(di)理(li)標志地(di)域保護范圍為:山(shan)西省晉城市沁(qin)水縣全縣14個(ge)鄉鎮,251個(ge)行政村(社區),地(di)理(li)坐標為北(bei)緯(wei)35°24′—36°04′,東經 111°55′--112°47′之間。保護面積267660公頃(qing),年生產(chan)總(zong)量1000噸。
四.產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1、產品各(ge)項(xiang)理化指(zhi)標及質量指(zhi)標等(deng)必須符(fu)合中華人(ren)民共和國《GB4963-2011蜂(feng)蜜(mi)》各(ge)項(xiang)規定(ding)。
2、安(an)全要(yao)求:沁(qin)水(shui)刺槐蜜(mi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)外(wai)觀(guan)特征(zheng)、理(li)(li)(li)化指標(biao)、微生(sheng)(sheng)物指標(biao)、藥(yao)物及重金屬殘留指標(biao)必須符合GB14963-3-2011蜂蜜(mi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)、飲用(yong)水(shui)符合《NY5027-2001無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)畜(chu)禽飲用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術要(yao)求、蜂藥(yao)使用(yong)、蜂蜜(mi)加工儲藏運(yun)輸等管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)應符合《GBT21528-2008蜜(mi)蜂產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、《NY5138-2002無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)蜜(mi)蜂飼養獸藥(yao)使用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》、《NYT1241-2006蜂產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工技(ji)術管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、《NYT639-2002蜂蜜(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、《NYT5139-2002無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)蜜(mi)蜂飼養管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》及農(nong)業部有關規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇及特(te)定要求:生產場(chang)址應位于(yu)本規(gui)定第(di)1條“地(di)域(yu)范圍”規(gui)定區域(yu)范圍內(nei)(nei),海拔520m至1200m, 土壤類型為林溶褐土和山地(di)褐土,刺槐(huai)同花期的(de)其它(ta)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物不超過15%,選(xuan)(xuan)擇地(di)勢高燥、背風向陽、排水良好、環(huan)境幽靜、小氣候適宜、交通便利、水電供應穩定的(de)場(chang)所,場(chang)地(di)附近(jin)3 千米范圍內(nei)(nei)無蜂(feng)蜜(mi)加工廠(chang)、以蜜(mi)糖(tang)為生產原料(liao)的(de)食(shi)(shi)品廠(chang)、化工廠(chang)、農藥(yao)廠(chang)及經(jing)常噴灑農藥(yao)的(de)菜地(di)、果園(yuan),嚴防農藥(yao)、工業三廢或其他有害(hai)物質(zhi)污染蜜(mi)粉源(yuan),周圍空氣質(zhi)量(liang)符合GB3095中空氣質(zhi)量(liang)功能區二類區的(de)要求,水質(zhi)應符合NY 5027-2008無公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品 畜(chu)禽飲用(yong)水水質(zhi)規(gui)定。
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇及特定要求:蜜(mi)源植物品(pin)(pin)(pin)種為:刺(ci)槐(huai)花(又名洋(yang)槐(huai)花)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種為意大(da)利蜂(feng)、喀(ka)爾巴阡蜂(feng)、東北黑蜂(feng)、喀(ka)尼阿蘭(lan)蜂(feng)等西(xi)方蜜(mi)蜂(feng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種及其雜交蜂(feng)種。采(cai)蜜(mi)時(shi)間(jian):刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)采(cai)集時(shi)間(jian)為每年5月8日(ri)(ri)至5月23日(ri)(ri)。
3、生產(chan)技術(shu)過(guo)程管理:
①人(ren)員(yuan)要求(qiu):蜂(feng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)人(ren)員(yuan)必須身體健康(kang),符合國家(jia)食品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)人(ren)員(yuan)健康(kang)求(qiu),傳染(ran)病患者不(bu)得從事蜂(feng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。
②蜂(feng)群要求:選用符(fu)合生(sheng)產需(xu)要的優良高產蜂(feng)種和健(jian)康蜂(feng)群,大(da)流蜜(mi)期前必須(xu)調整蜂(feng)群,組織強(qiang)群采(cai)蜜(mi),采(cai)蜜(mi)期生(sheng)產群群勢必須(xu)達(da)到14框以上。患病蜂(feng)群不得(de)用于生(sheng)產。
③藥(yao)物(wu)使(shi)(shi)用:使(shi)(shi)用國家允(yun)許的無污(wu)染(ran)的高效低毒蜂藥(yao)防(fang)治蜜蜂病蟲害,嚴格遵循休(xiu)藥(yao)期(qi)的管理和嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)休(xiu)藥(yao)期(qi),生產期(qi)間不得(de)使(shi)(shi)用任(ren)何(he)違禁藥(yao)物(wu)。
④取蜜操作:
a.生產商品蜜前,必須將底(di)蜜(飼料蜜)清理干凈。
b.取蜜一般應在(zai)上(shang)午進(jin)行,低溫(wen)季節,取蜜時(shi)間應安排在(zai)中午溫(wen)較高(gao)的時(shi)間進(jin)行。
c.取蜜(mi)時,只允許用吹(chui)風(feng)、煙霧或(huo)手(shou)工驅趕蜜(mi)蜂的方法(fa),嚴(yan)禁用化(hua)學藥品驅蜂。
d.生產成熟(shu)蜂,每(mei)次取蜜的間隔時間至少(shao)5-7天或自(zi)然封蓋90%以上,確保(bao)生產天然成熟(shu)蜜。
e.在取天然成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)蜂蜜時,應(ying)用(yong)雙層白紗布將天然成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)蜂蜜一次過濾干凈后(hou),再(zai)裝入容器(qi)。
f.取蜜工(gong)(gong)具、儲蜜容器(qi)無毒無副作用(yong),工(gong)(gong)具、容器(qi)要消毒清洗后再使用(yong)。
g.不得將未成熟蜜(mi)(mi)在陽光下曝(pu)曬、風干,以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)濃度;不得將人工加溫(wen)濃縮(suo)蜜(mi)(mi)加入(ru)未成熟蜜(mi)(mi)中,以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)濃度,冒(mao)充天然成熟蜂蜜(mi)(mi)。
h.單(dan)一花種蜂蜜(mi)要分(fen)別存放,使用符合(he)食品衛生要求(qiu)的裝蜜(mi)容。
i.要做好(hao)蜂蜜生產過(guo)程記(ji)錄,生產過(guo)程記(ji)錄應至少(shao)保(bao)存2年以上。
4、產品收(shou)獲(huo)及產后處理:
①解(jie)晶(jing)(jing):溶晶(jing)(jing)水(shui)溫(wen)溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在40-50度(du),蜂蜜溫(wen)度(du)始(shi)終控(kong)制(zhi)在38-43℃,溶晶(jing)(jing)時間不(bu)超過4小時。
②過濾:初濾用(yong)60-80目(mu)(mu)濾網(wang)進行粗濾,二次過濾用(yong)90-120目(mu)(mu)濾網(wang)中濾,三次過濾用(yong)200目(mu)(mu)濾網(wang)進行精濾。
③濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)(suo):標注為天(tian)然成熟蜜(mi)(mi)的蜂蜜(mi)(mi)不得使用機械濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)(suo)脫水工藝,蜂蜜(mi)(mi)自然水分(fen)含量(liang)≤20%。其他普通蜂蜜(mi)(mi)采用機械真空方法濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)(suo),真空度保持0.09MPa,濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)(suo)后(hou)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)水分(fen)含量(liang)≤20%。
5、生產記錄要求:
①記錄放蜂地點(dian),蜜(mi)(mi)源種類、流蜜(mi)(mi)、環境和氣候(hou)情況;
②記(ji)錄養(yang)蜂生產(chan)操作情況,如:搖蜜、蜂具更(geng)換(huan)等;
③記(ji)錄(lu)蜂群健康情況,如蜂群發生(sheng)病(bing)(bing)害時(shi),應記(ji)錄(lu)蜂病(bing)(bing)名稱或現象(xiang)描述、發病(bing)(bing)時(shi)間(jian)、使用藥物名稱和劑量、用藥方式(shi)和時(shi)間(jian)等(deng);
④記(ji)錄蜂具消毒情(qing)(qing)況,如(ru)消毒藥(yao)物名稱(cheng)和劑量、消毒方(fang)式和時間(jian); ⑤記(ji)錄蜂產品銷售情(qing)(qing)況:如(ru)銷售時間(jian)、品種(zhong)、數量、對(dui)象(xiang)