平利(li)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan),葫蘆(lu)科絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬植(zhi)物。中(zhong)(zhong)藥材品(pin)種,陜西省(sheng)平利(li)縣特(te)產,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地理標志產品(pin)。平利(li)是絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的(de)自然分(fen)布分(fen)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)心,有“絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)故鄉”之稱,獨特(te)的(de)區域小生態環境十(shi)分(fen)適宜絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的(de)生長發育(yu),是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)開發最早(zao)、規模最大的(de)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人工栽培基地縣、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)標準化(hua)示范區。平利(li)縣絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產品(pin)以純天然、無公害和富含(han)微量元素走(zou)俏日本(ben)、北京、廣州等市(shi)場(chang)。
種植條件
絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)被醫(yi)學界譽(yu)為東方神草(cao)、人間(jian)福音草(cao),但其對土(tu)壤、氣候(hou)等條件要求較高(gao),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)除福建、湖北、云南、四川(chuan)等省(sheng)有少(shao)量(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)外(wai),地處北亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候(hou)區的(de)平(ping)利(li)縣,由于雨量(liang)充沛,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和(he),日(ri)照充足,無(wu)霜期時間(jian)長,土(tu)壤有害物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)低,成為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)生態型(xing)藥(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)示范基(ji)地的(de)最佳區域。據統(tong)計,2007年,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人工種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)約7萬畝(mu),陜西省(sheng)只有安(an)康市發(fa)展絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)業,全市種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)2.8萬畝(mu),平(ping)利(li)占(zhan)了2萬畝(mu),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)原(yuan)料產(chan)(chan)量(liang)占(zhan)全中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)35%以(yi)上,苦味(wei)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬(shu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨有品種(zhong)(zhong),選育的(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)有效(xiao)物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)比其他品種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)區域高(gao)5個百分(fen)點,處于國(guo)(guo)(guo)際領先水平(ping)。平(ping)利(li)縣是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的(de)自然分(fen)布分(fen)化中(zhong)心,在(zai)世界上已(yi)發(fa)現的(de)16種(zhong)(zhong)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong),該(gai)縣就(jiu)占(zhan)了7種(zhong)(zhong),其皂(zao)甙含(han)量(liang)高(gao)達(da)12.2%,理化指標位(wei)居(ju)榜首。
生產情況
安康自古以(yi)(yi)來就(jiu)盛產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai),歷史上被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。《唐(tang)書(shu)·地(di)(di)理(li)志》就(jiu)有金(jin)州杜仲(zhong)、秦(qin)艽(jiao)、黃(huang)(huang)柏等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)材(cai)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“貢品(pin)”的(de)(de)記載(zai)。鎮(zhen)坪(ping)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)連、紫陽的(de)(de)厚樸(pu)、嵐(lan)皋的(de)(de)杜仲(zhong)、平(ping)(ping)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)八仙黨參(can)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)聞名遐邇。200多年(nian)前這里就(jiu)是“山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)農過半,藥(yao)商絡繹(yi)不絕”。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)資源普(pu)查,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)種(zhong)類(lei)1299種(zhong),總數(shu)占全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)53%以(yi)(yi)上。屬(shu)于2000年(nian)版《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藥(yao)典(dian)(dian)》收載(zai)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)290種(zhong),占《藥(yao)典(dian)(dian)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)總數(shu)的(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、葛根(gen)、黃(huang)(huang)姜、黃(huang)(huang)連、當歸(gui)、杜仲(zhong)、淫羊藿、葉下珠、黃(huang)(huang)柏、厚樸(pu)、麝香、蜈(wu)蚣、熊(xiong)膽、桔(jie)梗、秦(qin)巴硒(xi)菇、玄參(can)、獨活、云(yun)木香、川(chuan)牛(niu)膝、豬(zhu)苓、魔芋(藥(yao)食兩用)等(deng)(deng)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)居全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)首(shou)位。自20世紀70年(nian)代初開始,平(ping)(ping)利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)著手絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)統研究開發工(gong)作(zuo),先后(hou)攻克了(le)野生馴化(hua)、無(wu)性快(kuai)速繁殖、病蟲(chong)害防治(zhi)和科(ke)學(xue)采收等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)人工(gong)栽培難題,研制出(chu)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)、飲料、藥(yao)品(pin)等(deng)(deng)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin),隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)入WTO,為(wei)(wei)(wei)讓絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)打入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場,平(ping)(ping)利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)加(jia)快(kuai)了(le)建設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)第一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)步伐,成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)由縣(xian)(xian)長掛帥的(de)(de)領導小組(zu),采取(qu)公司+基地(di)(di)+農戶的(de)(de)模式,吸引安康正(zheng)大(da)和北醫大(da)制藥(yao)有限公司投資500余(yu)(yu)萬元,在(zai)城關、長安兩鎮(zhen)建設GAP藥(yao)源基地(di)(di),扶持組(zu)建了(le)農盛、五和、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)彩等(deng)(deng)3個(ge)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)和25個(ge)加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye),實(shi)(shi)行訂單(dan)生產(chan),建成(cheng)(cheng)2萬畝國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范基地(di)(di)。同時,建立完善(shan)了(le)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣和標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)監測(ce)三(san)(san)大(da)體系(xi),成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究課題組(zu),形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭,縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)、村(cun)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紐帶的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣網絡,培育(yu)出(chu)11個(ge)新(xin)品(pin)系(xi),起草的(de)(de)無(wu)公害絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)7項標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)被發布為(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),填補了(le)陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)執行標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)空白,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發布的(de)(de)第一(yi)項絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。此外,他們實(shi)(shi)行政策(ce)傾(qing)斜,累計(ji)投入700多萬元扶持絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發展,召開現場會(hui)、培訓會(hui)200余(yu)(yu)場次,培訓技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)骨(gu)干、示(shi)范大(da)戶10000多人次,印發技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)資料20000余(yu)(yu)份,標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)種(zhong)植普(pu)及率達95%以(yi)(yi)上,創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)畝產(chan)鮮草5000公斤的(de)(de)奇(qi)跡。2005年(nian)6月,“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家專利(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)工(gong)程”試點(dian)基地(di)(di)項目(mu)在(zai)陜西(xi)平(ping)(ping)利(li)(li)正(zheng)式啟動,平(ping)(ping)利(li)(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)大(da)基地(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi),該縣(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)連獲(huo)三(san)(san)項殊榮:絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)示(shi)范區通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家驗收;有機絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)獲(huo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家認證;絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家原產(chan)地(di)(di)域保護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)品(pin)以(yi)(yi)純天然、無(wu)公害和富(fu)含微量(liang)(liang)元素走俏日本、北京、廣州等(deng)(deng)市(shi)(shi)場,年(nian)銷(xiao)售量(liang)(liang)達500噸,實(shi)(shi)現產(chan)值4000余(yu)(yu)萬元,僅此一(yi)項可為(wei)(wei)(wei)農民年(nian)人均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)收170元,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)促農增(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)(de)新(xin)亮(liang)點(dian),先后(hou)獲(huo)得曼谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優質農產(chan)品(pin)及科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果設備展覽會(hui)銀獎(jiang)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)第三(san)(san)屆技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果交(jiao)易洽談會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、首(shou)屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楊陵農科(ke)城技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果博覽會(hui)金(jin)像(xiang)獎(jiang)。