【航空(kong)發動(dong)機】航空(kong)發動(dong)機的種類 航空(kong)發動(dong)機前(qian)景(jing)分(fen)析
航空發動機種類
活塞式航空發動機
是早期在飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)直升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上應(ying)用(yong)的(de)航(hang)空發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，用(yong)于(yu)帶動(dong)(dong)螺旋槳或(huo)旋翼(yi)。大型活(huo)塞式航(hang)空發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)功率可達2500千瓦(wa)。后來為功率大、高速性能(neng)好的(de)燃氣(qi)渦輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所取代。但小功率的(de)活(huo)塞式航(hang)空發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)仍廣泛地用(yong)于(yu)輕型飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及超輕型飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。
燃氣渦輪發動機
這種發動機應用最廣。包括渦輪噴氣發動機、渦輪風扇發動機、渦輪螺旋槳發動機和渦輪軸發動機，都具有壓氣機、燃燒室和燃氣渦輪。渦輪螺旋槳發動機主要用于時速小于800千米的飛機；渦輪軸發動機主要用作直升機的動力；渦輪風扇發動機主要用于速度更高的飛機；渦輪噴氣發動機(ji)主要用(yong)于超音(yin)速(su)飛(fei)機(ji)。
沖壓發動機
其特(te)點是無(wu)壓氣機(ji)和燃(ran)氣渦輪(lun)，進入燃(ran)燒室的(de)(de)空(kong)氣利用(yong)(yong)高速(su)飛(fei)行(xing)時(shi)的(de)(de)沖壓作用(yong)(yong)增壓。它構造簡單、推力大，特(te)別(bie)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高速(su)高空(kong)飛(fei)行(xing)。由于(yu)不(bu)能自(zi)行(xing)起動和低速(su)下性能欠佳，限制了應(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍，僅用(yong)(yong)在導彈和空(kong)中發射的(de)(de)靶彈上。
其他
上(shang)述發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)均(jun)由大氣(qi)中(zhong)吸取空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)作(zuo)為燃(ran)(ran)料燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)的氧化(hua)劑(ji)，故又稱吸空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。其(qi)他還(huan)有火(huo)箭(jian)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、脈沖(chong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)航空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。火(huo)箭(jian)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的推進劑(ji)（氧化(hua)劑(ji)和(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)劑(ji)）全部由自身攜帶，燃(ran)(ran)料消(xiao)耗太(tai)大，不(bu)適于(yu)長時(shi)(shi)間工(gong)作(zuo)，一般作(zuo)為運載火(huo)箭(jian)的發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，在飛機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)短時(shi)(shi)間加(jia)速（如(ru)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速器）。脈沖(chong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)低(di)速靶機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)航空(kong)(kong)模型飛機(ji)(ji)(ji)。由太(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)池驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的航空(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)輕型飛機(ji)(ji)(ji)，尚(shang)處(chu)在試驗階段。
航空發動機前景分析
根據(ju)國(guo)家制造強國(guo)建設戰略咨詢委員會數據(ju)顯示，未來十(shi)年(nian)，全球(qiu)渦扇、渦噴(pen)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)累(lei)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)將(jiang)超(chao)(chao)7.36萬臺，總(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)超(chao)(chao)4160億(yi)(yi)(yi)美元；渦軸(zhou)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)累(lei)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)3.4萬臺，總(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)超(chao)(chao)190億(yi)(yi)(yi)美元；渦槳發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)累(lei)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)1.6萬臺，總(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)超(chao)(chao)150億(yi)(yi)(yi)美元；活塞發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)累(lei)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)3.3萬臺，占(zhan)60%以上通(tong)飛(fei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力市場，總(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)約30億(yi)(yi)(yi)美元。同時，國(guo)內干(gan)線(xian)客(ke)機(ji)(ji)對(dui)大(da)型渦扇發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)市場累(lei)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)超(chao)(chao)6000臺，總(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)超(chao)(chao)500億(yi)(yi)(yi)美元，而低空空域的(de)開放也將(jiang)進一步(bu)刺激通(tong)用飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)對(dui)渦軸(zhou)、活塞等發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
