【紙(zhi)的(de)種類和用途】紙(zhi)的(de)種類和用途 紙(zhi)的(de)分類
一、紙的種類
紙張11類為:印刷用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),書寫紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),制(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)、繪圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),電(dian)絕(jue)緣紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),卷煙紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吸紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),計器用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),感光紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),轉印紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(原紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)),工業(ye)技術用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),包裝紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
紙板6類為:裝訂紙板(ban),制盒紙板(ban),絕緣紙板(ban),工業(ye)技(ji)術紙板(ban),建筑紙板(ban),制鞋紙板(ban)。
二、紙的用途
印刷用紙
在印刷用紙類中,又有(you)各具不同性能和(he)特點(dian)的紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)張,如新聞紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、凸版(ban)印刷紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、膠版(ban)印刷紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、膠版(ban)印刷涂料紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、字典(dian)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、地圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、海圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、凹版(ban)印刷紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、周報紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、畫報紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、白板紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、書面紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等等。
新聞紙
主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)印(yin)(yin)刷報紙(zhi)(zhi)及凸(tu)版書刊,其紙(zhi)(zhi)質松軟(ruan),富有(you)較好彈塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing),吸墨性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)較強(qiang),油(you)墨能(neng)(neng)較快(kuai)地(di)固著(zhu)在紙(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)上,紙(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)經壓光機(ji)(ji)壓先后(hou),兩面(mian)平(ping)滑,不易起毛,兩面(mian)印(yin)(yin)刷都比較清晰實(shi)在,有(you)一定機(ji)(ji)械(xie)強(qiang)度,能(neng)(neng)適合高速輪轉機(ji)(ji)印(yin)(yin)刷,不透明性(xing)(xing)(xing)很好。由(you)于(yu)其所(suo)用(yong)原材料以機(ji)(ji)械(xie)木漿為(wei)主(zhu),含有(you)本質素及雜質,所(suo)以紙(zhi)(zhi)張(zhang)(zhang)不宜長期保存,紙(zhi)(zhi)張(zhang)(zhang)容(rong)(rong)易發黃變脆,紙(zhi)(zhi)張(zhang)(zhang)吸收性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang),抗(kang)水性(xing)(xing)(xing)差,紙(zhi)(zhi)張(zhang)(zhang)容(rong)(rong)易破損(sun)。
凸版印刷紙
主要供(gong)凸版印刷機印刷選集、經典著作、一(yi)般書籍、教科書、雜(za)志(zhi)等用(yong)。其特性與新(xin)聞(wen)紙(zhi)相似,質量優于新(xin)聞(wen)紙(zhi),紙(zhi)張(zhang)的平滑度、抗水(shui)性、白度都比新(xin)聞(wen)紙(zhi)好(hao),吸墨能力不如新(xin)聞(wen)紙(zhi),但(dan)吸墨均(jun)勻。
膠版印刷紙
主要供平(ping)版(ban)(ban)(ban)印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)彩(cai)色畫報、畫冊(ce)、宣(xuan)傳畫、彩(cai)色商標及一些高(gao)(gao)級(ji)出版(ban)(ban)(ban)物。膠(jiao)(jiao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙中有(you)單(dan)面膠(jiao)(jiao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙與雙(shuang)面膠(jiao)(jiao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙之分,單(dan)面咬(yao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙常用(yong)于彩(cai)色宣(xuan)傳畫、煙盒、商標等(deng)。雙(shuang)面膠(jiao)(jiao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙用(yong)于印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)圖片、插圖、地圖等(deng)。膠(jiao)(jiao)版(ban)(ban)(ban)紙應(ying)伸縮性小,抗水(shui)性強,以(yi)防(fang)多色套印(yin)(yin)時(shi)造成紙張變(bian)形(xing),套印(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)準,還(huan)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)拉毛(mao)、不(bu)(bu)脫粉、質地緊密,以(yi)防(fang)止多次印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)時(shi)在(zai)油(you)(you)墨(mo)(mo)的粘附拉力的作(zuo)用(yong)下,引起拉毛(mao)、脫粉現象(xiang),使印(yin)(yin)跡有(you)白斑,影響印(yin)(yin)品(pin)質量(liang);吸墨(mo)(mo)性不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)太高(gao)(gao),它可(ke)阻礙油(you)(you)墨(mo)(mo)中連接料的滲透,使油(you)(you)墨(mo)(mo)在(zai)紙面上干燥(zao)形(xing)成膜層,保證(zheng)印(yin)(yin)品(pin)的光澤(ze)度;表(biao)面平(ping)滑,保證(zheng)印(yin)(yin)跡實在(zai),紙張不(bu)(bu)能(neng)有(you)砂子等(deng)雜物,以(yi)防(fang)止橡皮布(bu)及印(yin)(yin)版(ban)(ban)(ban)損壞。
膠版印刷涂料紙
又稱銅版紙(zhi)。是在涂(tu)料原紙(zhi)的紙(zhi)面上(shang),涂(tu)上(shang)一層(ceng)(ceng)無機涂(tu)料,再(zai)經超級壓(ya)光(guang)而制成,紙(zhi)張表面光(guang)滑(hua),白度較高,專(zhuan)供(gong)膠版印(yin)刷單色或多色的美(mei)術圖(tu)片、插(cha)圖(tu)、畫(hua)報、畫(hua)冊(ce)、商品商標、產品樣(yang)本(ben)、年歷等用。銅版紙(zhi)具有較高的平滑(hua)度,印(yin)刷時(shi)能得(de)到極(ji)細的光(guang)潔網點,能較好地(di)再(zai)現原稿(gao)的層(ceng)(ceng)次和(he)質惑,紙(zhi)面不應脫粉和(he)分層(ceng)(ceng),紙(zhi)的吸墨(mo)性一般不宜過快,吸墨(mo)過快會(hui)引起印(yin)跡無光(guang)澤(ze),嚴重(zhong)時(shi)還會(hui)造成印(yin)跡粉化。
字典紙
主要供凸版印刷字典(dian)、袖(xiu)珍手(shou)冊、工(gong)具書(shu)、科技資料、高級印刷品等,定量輕,有25~40克/平方米四種(zhong)。字典(dian)紙輕而簿,要求不透明性好(hao)(防(fang)止透印)、纖維組織均勻、紙面平整、厚薄(bo)一致,字典(dian)紙比較柔軟(ruan),紙邊容易卷曲(qu)。
地圖紙、海圖紙
地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)膠(jiao)印(yin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)色(se)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)集(ji),分為特號(hao)(hao)(hao)和一號(hao)(hao)(hao)兩種,特號(hao)(hao)(hao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)印(yin)制地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),一號(hao)(hao)(hao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)印(yin)制地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)集(ji)。海(hai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)膠(jiao)印(yin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)色(se)海(hai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的用(yong)(yong)紙(zhi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)與海(hai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)紙(zhi)色(se)潔白,塵埃(ai)度(du)小,尤其不能(neng)有大(da)于(yu)(yu)1毫米長度(du)的黑色(se)塵埃(ai)(避免與地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)符號(hao)(hao)(hao)混淆),兩面平滑(hua),組織緊密堅韌(ren),伸縮性(xing)小,富有彈性(xing),能(neng)印(yin)出(chu)精(jing)密的圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形,耐折度(du)比膠(jiao)版紙(zhi)要高得多(duo)(duo)(duo),海(hai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)的裂斷長也要求很高。
凹版印刷紙
主要(yao)運(yun)用于單色和彩色凹(ao)(ao)版印(yin)刷畫報、美(mei)術圖(tu)片、插圖(tu)等的(de)(de)用紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凹(ao)(ao)版紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)潔白堅挺,具有(you)很好的(de)(de)平滑度(du)和耐水性(xing),印(yin)刷時(shi)不(bu)能有(you)明顯的(de)(de)掉(diao)粉,起(qi)毛有(you)透印(yin)現(xian)象。原凹(ao)(ao)版印(yin)刷紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括印(yin)刷鈔票,郵(you)(you)票等質(zhi)量高而不(bu)易仿造的(de)(de)印(yin)刷品用紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),現(xian)已單獨(du)分(fen)出鈔票紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、郵(you)(you)票紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。
白板紙
供(gong)印刷(shua)各(ge)(ge)種商(shang)品(pin)(pin)包裝(zhuang)紙(zhi)盒與(yu)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)裝(zhuang)璜襯紙(zhi)用,也可(ke)印制各(ge)(ge)種教育圖片。白板紙(zhi)的纖維組(zu)織(zhi)較(jiao)均勻,面層具有填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)膠料(liao)成分,表面涂(tu)有一層涂(tu)料(liao),經(jing)多輥壓光,所以紙(zhi)板質地緊密,紙(zhi)面一般都較(jiao)潔白而平滑,具有較(jiao)均勻的吸墨(mo)性(xing),表面脫粉與(yu)掉毛(mao)現象(xiang)較(jiao)少,紙(zhi)質有較(jiao)好的耐(nai)折(zhe)度。
合成紙
主要用于印刷高級美術品、地圖以(yi)及字典等工具(ju)書。合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)紙(zhi)(zhi)是利用(yong)化(hua)學(xue)原料合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi),一般用(yong)品烴類為(wei)主要原料,再加(jia)入一些添加(jia)劑而制成(cheng)(cheng),它(ta)具(ju)有質地(di)柔軟、拉力強、抗(kang)水性(xing)能好(hao)、耐(nai)光耐(nai)冷(leng)熱(re)、不發(fa)霉、穩定性(xing)良好(hao)等特點(dian),并耐(nai)化(hua)學(xue)藥品的(de)(de)腐蝕。在-60~60℃的(de)(de)溫度范圍內(nei)(nei),可作(zuo)為(wei)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)印刷用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)。合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)紙(zhi)(zhi)不僅(jin)適用(yong)于(yu)印刷,而且由于(yu)它(ta)無(wu)毒,無(wu)污染、透氣好(hao)、所(suo)以(yi)也是一種(zhong)(zhong)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)包裝材料。它(ta)清(qing)潔無(wu)塵,不掉紙(zhi)(zhi)粉,是一種(zhong)(zhong)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)信(xin)息產(chan)業用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi),現正在取代普通紙(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)超清(qing)潔室內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)辦公用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)和電子(zi)計(ji)算機用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)。