弱電系統包括什么
弱電也叫弱電技術,具有電流電壓小的特點,主要分為兩類,一類是符合國家安全電壓的電能,如36伏以下交流電,24伏以下的直流電;另一類包含語音、圖像的數據源,如計算機網絡系統、可視會議系統 、防盜報警系統、樓宇自控系統等。
弱電系統的構成
通常來說,弱電系統在不(bu)同(tong)的(de)場(chang)(chang)合(he)(he)就會由不(bu)同(tong)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)構成。例如,在酒店中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就有自動救(jiu)助火災系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、監管視頻系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以及控制中(zhong)(zhong)央空調系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)構成;而(er)(er)在智能社區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),則是由管理車庫、門禁(jin)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與上述提到(dao)的(de)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組成。所(suo)以說弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)會因為所(suo)在場(chang)(chang)合(he)(he)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)(er)不(bu)同(tong)。而(er)(er)文(wen)章提到(dao)的(de)是在公(gong)共場(chang)(chang)合(he)(he)內的(de)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),它(ta)的(de)構成可按功能來劃分,包括有安全防范系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與自動控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。
1、安全防范系統
室(shi)(shi)內部(bu)分(fen)(fen):由多個(ge)分(fen)(fen)支系(xi)(xi)統組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)內安(an)(an)全(quan)防范系(xi)(xi)統,這(zhe)些分(fen)(fen)支系(xi)(xi)統不僅能(neng)夠確保公共場(chang)(chang)所室(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan),還能(neng)夠將室(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)(de)相關信息傳輸到指定的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)度指揮中心。通常,室(shi)(shi)內的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)防范系(xi)(xi)統是由門窗管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統、緊急救助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)統、消(xiao)防報警系(xi)(xi)統以及室(shi)(shi)內監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。室(shi)(shi)外(wai)部(bu)分(fen)(fen):室(shi)(shi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)防范系(xi)(xi)統主要是保護公共場(chang)(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)邊安(an)(an)全(quan)以及對整個(ge)公共場(chang)(chang)合內所有監(jian)(jian)控設施的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)控。通常是由保安(an)(an)巡視系(xi)(xi)統、紅外(wai)線警報系(xi)(xi)統以及室(shi)(shi)外(wai)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統構成(cheng)。
2、自動控制系統
在公(gong)共(gong)(gong)場合,不僅需(xu)要(yao)(yao)室內及(ji)室外的安全(quan)防(fang)范系(xi)(xi)(xi)統,還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)多個自(zi)(zi)動(dong)控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統,為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統提(ti)供(gong)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化的控制(zhi)(zhi)。一般來說,自(zi)(zi)動(dong)控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統在公(gong)共(gong)(gong)場所的應用(yong)范圍非常(chang)廣(guang)泛(fan),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現在照(zhao)明系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、安全(quan)消防(fang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、廣(guang)播系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統以及(ji)排水系(xi)(xi)(xi)統等很多方(fang)面。
弱電系統目前存在哪些問題
1、弱電系統的管理與維護中缺乏科學系統性
當前(qian)我(wo)國對(dui)于弱(ruo)電(dian)管(guan)理和維(wei)護都(dou)是(shi)采用(yong)傳統(tong)管(guan)理方法,都(dou)是(shi)先把弱(ruo)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)切割成單獨的系(xi)統(tong)后再管(guan)理維(wei)護,缺少科學系(xi)統(tong)性。
2、設備材料方面的不足
其(qi)次(ci)對于(yu)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的材料(liao)不足,主要取(qu)決于(yu)兩(liang)個方面(mian),一(yi)個是(shi)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電施(shi)(shi)(shi)工材料(liao)不合格,大(da)多是(shi)由(you)于(yu)生產廠(chang)為了謀取(qu)利潤,以(yi)次(ci)充(chong)好(hao),嚴重影響弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量;另一(yi)個是(shi)所以(yi)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工材料(liao)在進入施(shi)(shi)(shi)工前,未(wei)做檢測,導致使(shi)(shi)用不合格產品,從而使(shi)(shi)生產出來的弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)(xi)統產品無法達標。
3、管理、維護人員配備較少
雖說我國的弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)技術發展比較快,但因缺乏(fa)相關的管(guan)理及維護人員,常(chang)常(chang)由于(yu)無法(fa)檢測出(chu)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)系統工程的調試問題,導致投入(ru)使用(yong)后的弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)系統頻頻出(chu)現問題。從(cong)而也限制了弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)系統的正常(chang)運行。
4、驗收方面的不足
眾(zhong)所(suo)周(zhou)知(zhi),每項工程(cheng)完(wan)工之后(hou)都需要被(bei)驗(yan)(yan)收,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)統工程(cheng)也是如此。因此,在(zai)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)統工程(cheng)進行組織調試(shi)時,常常會(hui)遇到檢查不(bu)到位的(de)情(qing)況,使得建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)在(zai)投入使用后(hou)還存在(zai)著(zhu)這樣或者那樣的(de)問(wen)題。智能建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)(ruo)電系(xi)統工程(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收不(bu)足,會(hui)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)功能的(de)發揮產生一定(ding)的(de)限制。
解決措施
1、嚴格把關材料質量
對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)個系(xi)統施(shi)工(gong)所需的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)、材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)必(bi)(bi)須做到(dao)嚴格把關。首先,對(dui)(dui)所用(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)一定要有生產(chan)合(he)格證(zheng),包(bao)括對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)個材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品名字(zi)、 生產(chan)規(gui)格、生產(chan)日期等(deng)這些(xie)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)確認(ren)。其次(ci),認(ren)真檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)記錄(lu),其中包(bao)括按(an)照國(guo)(guo)家規(gui)定對(dui)(dui)包(bao)裝(zhuang)、外觀以(yi)及(ji)功能性(xing)的(de)(de)(de) 現(xian)場檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。如果不具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)現(xian)場檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian),可以(yi)要求(qiu)生產(chan)工(gong)廠(chang)對(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei) 材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)然(ran)后出示檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測結果,或者要求(qiu)提供按(an)照國(guo)(guo)家規(gui)定進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測后的(de)(de)(de)結果。最后,檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格要求(qiu)是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)建設(she)(she)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)進口商(shang)品是(shi)否(fou)具(ju)有經檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)證(zheng)記錄(lu),另外還必(bi)(bi)須具(ju)有設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進行(xing)組裝(zhuang)、安裝(zhuang)、運行(xing)以(yi)及(ji)維護的(de)(de)(de)文件(jian)說明(ming),以(yi)保證(zheng)工(gong)程 的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)質量。
2、做好個分項系統施工時間的統一部署以及文檔工作
整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設由(you)不同子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)組成,子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設時間不同, 這(zhe)就需要(yao)(yao)最整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)設過程進(jin)行統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)部署協調(diao)。主要(yao)(yao)是按照建(jian)(jian)(jian)設施(shi) 工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)求設計(ji)(ji)一(yi)個具體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總計(ji)(ji)劃,其中(zhong)包括各(ge)項子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設時 間、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設位置以(yi)及(ji)各(ge)項子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)相互重(zhong)疊部分的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案,在后期的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)劃修改中(zhong)也要(yao)(yao)在不違背總體計(ji)(ji)劃的(de)(de)(de)基礎上進(jin)行修行改進(jin)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項目的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設是龐(pang)大復雜的(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)就需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)個整合(he)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu),對于(yu)(yu)各(ge)項子(zi)(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)負責人員(yuan)、交接時間、交接人員(yuan)做好相應的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)工(gong)(gong)作,從(cong)而做到有條理的(de)(de)(de)管理,更便(bian)于(yu)(yu)查(cha)詢,也有利于(yu)(yu)責任的(de)(de)(de)下放。
3、施工質量的驗證
弱(ruo)電系統施(shi)工(gong)范圍(wei)廣泛(fan),包(bao)含(han)多個(ge)領域,這就需(xu)要專(zhuan)業(ye)的單位(wei)或者個(ge)人來對(dui)(dui)進(jin)行最后(hou)(hou)的驗證(zheng),檢(jian)測是否具有(you)安(an)全有(you)效的使用功效。首先(xian),是對(dui)(dui)各項子(zi)系統建設(she)完畢后(hou)(hou)的驗證(zheng),最后(hou)(hou)必須要有(you)建立工(gong) 程(cheng)師的最后(hou)(hou)簽字,沒有(you)簽字的決不可以繼續進(jin)行下一項項目建設(she)。 其(qi)次(ci),對(dui)(dui)于相(xiang)重疊的工(gong)程(cheng)部分,一定(ding)要仔細認真地(di)檢(jian)查,以免(mian)出現漏掉、重復(fu)、混亂的情況。最后(hou)(hou),在工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)完畢時,對(dui)(dui)于整個(ge)弱(ruo)電系統 的設(she)計,一定(ding)要按照國家規定(ding)或者相(xiang)關專(zhuan)業(ye)的具體要求對(dui)(dui)功能和(he)施(shi)工(gong)質量進(jin)行嚴(yan)格(ge)的檢(jian)測驗證(zheng)。