一、電源模塊常見異常有哪些
1、輸入電壓過高
電(dian)源模塊輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高,輕則(ze)(ze)導致系統無(wu)法正常工作(zuo),重(zhong)則(ze)(ze)燒毀電(dian)路。
2、輸出電壓過低
電源模塊輸出電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低(di),可能會(hui)導致整體系(xi)統不(bu)能正常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo),如微(wei)(wei)控制器(qi)系(xi)統中,負載突然增大(da)(da),會(hui)拉(la)低(di)微(wei)(wei)控制器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓,容易造(zao)成(cheng)復位。并且電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)長時間低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓工(gong)作(zuo),電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的壽命會(hui)出現極大(da)(da)的折損。
3、輸出紋波噪聲過大
輸出紋(wen)波噪(zao)聲(sheng)過(guo)大的原因:電源(yuan)模塊與(yu)主電路(lu)噪(zao)聲(sheng)敏感元件距離過(guo)近、主電路(lu)噪(zao)聲(sheng)敏感元件的電源(yuan)輸入端處未(wei)接去耦(ou)電等(deng)。
4、電源耐壓不良
電源模塊(kuai)的耐壓值(zhi)一(yi)般高達幾千伏,不過在應用或者測(ce)試中可能會(hui)出現達不到指標的情(qing)況(kuang)。
二、電源模塊維修教程
1、無輸出,保險管正常。這種現象說明開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)未工作或進入了保護(hu)狀態。首(shou)先要測量電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)的啟(qi)動(dong)腳(jiao)是(shi)否有(you)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓,若(ruo)無(wu)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓或者(zhe)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓太低(di),則(ze)(ze)要檢(jian)查啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和啟(qi)動(dong)腳(jiao)外(wai)接的元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)否漏(lou)電(dian)(dian),此(ci)時如(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)正常,則(ze)(ze)經上述檢(jian)查可以迅速查到故障。若(ruo)有(you)啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓,則(ze)(ze)測量控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)的輸出端在開(kai)(kai)機瞬間是(shi)否有(you)高、低(di)電(dian)(dian)平的跳變(bian),若(ruo)無(wu)跳變(bian),說明控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)壞(huai)、外(wai)圍(wei)(wei)振蕩電(dian)(dian)路元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)或保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路有(you)問題,可先代換(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian),再檢(jian)查外(wai)圍(wei)(wei)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian);若(ruo)有(you)跳變(bian),一般為開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管不良(liang)或損壞(huai)。
2、保險燒或炸。主要(yao)檢查(cha)300V上的(de)大(da)濾波(bo)電(dian)容、整流橋各二極(ji)管及開關管等部位,抗干(gan)擾(rao)電(dian)路出(chu)問(wen)題也會導致(zhi)保險燒(shao)、發黑。需要(yao)注意的(de)是:因(yin)開關管擊穿導致(zhi)保險燒(shao)一(yi)般會把電(dian)流檢測電(dian)阻和電(dian)源(yuan)控制芯片燒(shao)壞。負溫(wen)度系數熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻也很容易和保險一(yi)起(qi)被燒(shao)壞。
3、有輸出電壓,但輸出電壓過高。這(zhe)種故障一(yi)般來自于(yu)穩壓取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和穩壓控(kong)(kong)制電路。在直(zhi)流輸(shu)出、取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)電阻、誤差取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)放大器如TL431、光耦、電源控(kong)(kong)制芯(xin)片等電路共同(tong)構成(cheng)一(yi)個閉合(he)的控(kong)(kong)制環路,任何一(yi)處出問(wen)題就會導致輸(shu)出電壓升高。
4、輸出電壓過低。除穩壓(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)電路會引(yin)(yin)起輸出電壓(ya)(ya)低,還(huan)有下面一些原(yuan)因也會引(yin)(yin)起輸出電壓(ya)(ya)低:
(1)輸出電(dian)壓端整流二極管、濾波電(dian)容(rong)失效等(deng),可(ke)以通(tong)過代換(huan)法進行判斷(duan)。
(2)開(kai)關管的性能(neng)下(xia)(xia)降,必(bi)然導致(zhi)開(kai)關管不能(neng)正(zheng)常導通(tong),使電源的內阻增加,帶負載能(neng)力下(xia)(xia)降。