一、骨科手術器械有多少種

骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)器械(xie)(xie)，一般指專門(men)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)手術的專業(ye)醫療器械(xie)(xie)。按國家食品(pin)藥品(pin)監(jian)督(du)管理局的分(fen)類(lei)分(fen)為一類(lei)、二類(lei)和三類(lei)。按照使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和性能主要分(fen)為骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)剪、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉗、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刮(gua)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)錐、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸(ju)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銼、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有源器械(xie)(xie)等(deng)。下(xia)面簡(jian)單介(jie)紹四種骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)器械(xie)(xie)：

（一）骨科用刀

1、截骨刀(dao)：通常(chang)由(you)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)和手(shou)柄組成(cheng)，遠端具有(you)剛(gang)性的，鋒利的單刃切(qie)割(ge)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)，手(shou)柄位于(yu)其近(jin)端。它通常(chang)由(you)不銹鋼制成(cheng)。用于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)和切(qie)割(ge)骨骼。

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2、矯(jiao)形(xing)內窺(kui)鏡(jing)刀(dao)(dao)：通常由(you)頭部，桿和(he)手(shou)柄組成，頭部是刀(dao)(dao)片，其由(you)手(shou)柄傳遞和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)以控(kong)制(zhi)頭部工作(zuo)。頭部通常由(you)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)制(zhi)成。該操作(zuo)在手(shou)術期間在內窺(kui)鏡(jing)下進行，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)用于整形(xing)外科的微創手(shou)術，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)切除并(bing)(bing)剝(bo)離(li)患病組織。例如(ru)，椎間盤(pan)擴孔器，關節鏡(jing)手(shou)術刀(dao)(dao)。

3、擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)用刀(dao)：通常由不銹鋼制(zhi)成，由鉸(jiao)刀(dao)和夾緊(jin)手(shou)柄或帶有(you)鉸(jiao)孔(kong)切削刃的刀(dao)頭組(zu)成，用于在整形外科(ke)手(shou)術(shu)期間(jian)對椎間(jian)盤進行擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)或擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)和擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)大(da)髓腔。

（二）骨科用錐

1、開(kai)口(kou)用(yong)錐(zhui)：通(tong)(tong)常由(you)(you)頭部(bu)和(he)帶有切割設計的(de)手(shou)柄組成(cheng)。頭部(bu)通(tong)(tong)常由(you)(you)不銹鋼(gang)制成(cheng)，用(yong)于在整形外科(ke)手(shou)術期間打開(kai)骨頭上的(de)孔。

2、攻絲(si)用錐：通(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)刀片和手(shou)柄組成。刀片通(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)不銹鋼制(zhi)成，手(shou)柄通(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)不銹鋼或鋁(lv)制(zhi)成。用于敲擊骨骼中的螺紋孔(kong)進行整(zheng)形外(wai)科手(shou)術(shu)。

（三）骨科用鉤

1、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通常由頭部和柄部組成，頭部帶鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)頭。一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材(cai)料制成。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中顯(xian)露手(shou)(shou)術(shu)視野，使手(shou)(shou)術(shu)易于進行，并保(bao)護組織，避免(mian)意外損(sun)傷；或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中剝離、牽(qian)開或(huo)遮擋神(shen)(shen)經(jing)根。常見的有骨(gu)(gu)(gu)拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、單側椎板拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、下肢截(jie)斷拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、半月板鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、頸椎拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、椎板拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、彎曲(qu)拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、腹腔S拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、髖(kuan)關(guan)節拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、膝關(guan)節拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、肩胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)神(shen)(shen)經(jing)根拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、（椎間）神(shen)(shen)經(jing)根拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)術(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)神(shen)(shen)經(jing)拉鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)術(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)神(shen)(shen)經(jing)檔鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。

2、牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)通常為各種形式（如(ru)鈍型(xing)、銳型(xing)、開窗型(xing)、深型(xing)）的(de)鉤(gou)狀結構，手動操(cao)作、自鎖(suo)式手術器(qi)械。一般采用不銹鋼材料制成。用于骨(gu)科手術中(zhong)顯(xian)露手術視(shi)野(ye)，使手術易于進行，并(bing)保護組織，避免意外損傷。常見的(de)有骨(gu)用牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、手搖式牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、多向(xiang)(xiang)牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、雙向(xiang)(xiang)牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、可調(diao)式牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、微(wei)(wei)創牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、脛骨(gu)牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、關節微(wei)(wei)創牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)、后顱(lu)牽(qian)(qian)開器(qi)等。

3、骨鉤通常由(you)鉤和手柄組成。鉤的頭部一般采用不銹鋼材料制成。用于矯(jiao)形外科手術時(shi)提拉骨骼(ge)。

（四）骨科用刮

1、骨(gu)科內窺鏡用刮匙(chi)關節(jie)鏡用手(shou)(shou)術刮匙(chi)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由頭部、桿部或軟(ruan)性導管(guan)和(he)手(shou)(shou)柄組(zu)成(cheng)，頭部為匙(chi)形，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)手(shou)(shou)柄操作(zuo)傳遞、控制(zhi)頭部工(gong)作(zuo)。頭部一般采用不銹鋼材料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)。手(shou)(shou)術中(zhong)在內窺鏡下操作(zuo)，用于骨(gu)科微創手(shou)(shou)術中(zhong)，對(dui)病變組(zu)織進行刮削。

2、刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通常由頭(tou)部和柄部組(zu)成。在(zai)近端(duan)有手(shou)柄，遠端(duan)為具(ju)鋒利邊(bian)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)凹尖，也可以是雙端(duan)的(de)(de)。一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)不銹鋼(gang)材料制成。用(yong)于刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)除病(bing)灶、竇道內的(de)(de)瘢痕(hen)、肉芽組(zu)織(zhi)，以及骨(gu)(gu)腔和潛在(zai)腔隙的(de)(de)死骨(gu)(gu)或病(bing)理組(zu)織(zhi)等。常見的(de)(de)有刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、骨(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、空心骨(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、直杯狀骨(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎(zhui)(zhui)板刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、頸椎(zhui)(zhui)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎(zhui)(zhui)體(ti)(ti)成形(xing)用(yong)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)器、終(zhong)板刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎(zhui)(zhui)體(ti)(ti)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)刀等

二、手術器械應該如何選擇

選擇手術器械可(ke)以從品牌的(de)實力看，畢竟醫(yi)療手術器械的(de)應(ying)用比較(jiao)廣(guang)，使用要求也比較(jiao)高，為保障手術的(de)順利進行，自然(ran)在(zai)器械的(de)挑選(xuan)上就有非常高的(de)要求。

首先可以了解器械品牌(pai)是(shi)否有(you)良好的(de)基礎實(shi)(shi)力，是(shi)否能夠(gou)有(you)好的(de)技術支持，是(shi)否有(you)好的(de)加工制作等(deng)等(deng)。在綜(zong)合手(shou)術器械品牌(pai)實(shi)(shi)力等(deng)，挑(tiao)選到(dao)安全性高、精(jing)密性好的(de)手(shou)術器械，對手(shou)術的(de)順利進行也會有(you)很好幫助。

同(tong)時(shi)還要看好不同(tong)器械品(pin)牌提供的醫療手術(shu)器械規格型(xing)號、組合搭配等，看是否具有良(liang)好的應(ying)用(yong)保(bao)障。從而能夠選擇到(dao)合適的手術(shu)器械，應(ying)用(yong)安(an)全，手術(shu)操作也都更為順利。