一、高頻電刀的原理是什么
高(gao)頻電刀的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理是利用高(gao)頻、高(gao)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)電通過組(zu)織(zhi)時(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱效應,使組(zu)織(zhi)氣化和凝結,以達到(dao)切割和凝血的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。除了(le)熱效應,當電流(liu)流(liu)過人體組(zu)織(zhi)時(shi),還會產生(sheng)引起(qi)肌(ji)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi)化學灼傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電離效應,以及引起(qi)神經刺激、肌(ji)肉(rou)刺激和疼痛感的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)拉第(di)效應。
電(dian)(dian)切(qie)和電(dian)(dian)凝的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)在于(yu)高頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同:電(dian)(dian)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形(xing)(xing)為連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)高頻(pin)波形(xing)(xing),電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在瞬(shun)間(jian)產(chan)(chan)生大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)和極高的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度,這種(zhong)溫(wen)度使(shi)細胞組(zu)織(zhi)汽(qi)(qi)化從而(er)使(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)分離,電(dian)(dian)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓低(di)但波形(xing)(xing)密集能量(liang)(liang)高;而(er)電(dian)(dian)凝是間(jian)歇型脈沖型的(de)(de)(de)(de)高頻(pin)波形(xing)(xing),瞬(shun)間(jian)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)少,溫(wen)度低(di),不足以使(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)汽(qi)(qi)化而(er)僅僅產(chan)(chan)生燙傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,電(dian)(dian)凝的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)低(di)但電(dian)(dian)壓高。
混切(qie)的(de)波形(xing)則介于兩者之(zhi)間。高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)作用(yong)到人體(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),必須(xu)經過(guo)(guo)回(hui)路流(liu)回(hui)高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)內部,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)完整的(de)回(hui)路,才能完成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)切(qie)或(huo)者電(dian)(dian)(dian)凝功(gong)能,單極電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)是通過(guo)(guo)負極板(ban)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)回(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)回(hui)路,而雙(shuang)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)則無需負極板(ban),因為它的(de)雙(shuang)極鑷子一(yi)個(ge)頭為輸出(chu)路,另一(yi)個(ge)頭使電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)返回(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao),相(xiang)當于負極板(ban)的(de)作用(yong)。
高頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)主要有:火花(hua)間(jian)隙式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子管振(zhen)蕩(dang)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)、晶(jing)體管振(zhen)蕩(dang)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)以及微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦控制晶(jing)振(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)。現(xian)廣泛使用的是微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦控制晶(jing)振(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)。
二、高頻電刀的優點有哪些
1、切割速度快、止血(xue)效果好、切口齊,操作簡單(dan)、安(an)全(quan)方便。
2、與(yu)傳統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)機械(xie)手(shou)術刀相(xiang)比,在臨(lin)床(chuang)上采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)頻電刀可(ke)大大縮短(duan)手(shou)術時間,減少患者失(shi)血量及(ji)(ji)輸血量,從而降低并發癥及(ji)(ji)手(shou)術費用(yong)。
3、與其(qi)他電外科手(shou)術(shu)(shu)器(qi)(如(ru)激光刀、微波刀、超聲刀、水刀、半導體熱凝刀等(deng))相(xiang)比高頻(pin)電刀適應手(shou)術(shu)(shu)范圍廣,容易進入手(shou)術(shu)(shu)部位,操作(zuo)簡便,性能價(jia)格比合理等(deng)優越性。
三、高頻電刀可能產生的傷害
如果不能正確使用(yong)高頻(pin)電刀,可能對人體產生以下(xia)危(wei)害(hai):
(1)電擊
由于電(dian)刀(dao)外殼帶電(dian)使不慎(shen)觸摸到的人受到電(dian)擊傷害。
(2)燒傷
燒傷(shang)又分為極板(ban)性(xing)(xing)灼(zhuo)傷(shang)和(he)非極板(ban)性(xing)(xing)灼(zhuo)傷(shang)。極板(ban)性(xing)(xing)灼(zhuo)傷(shang):極板(ban)接(jie)觸不良,接(jie)觸電阻太大,導致接(jie)觸點發熱灼(zhuo)傷(shang)。非極板(ban)性(xing)(xing)灼(zhuo)傷(shang),就是人(ren)為原因使(shi)電刀(dao)外系統接(jie)地(di),使(shi)高頻電流(liu)在各(ge)個結(jie)點之間產生環流(liu)造成電擊灼(zhuo)傷(shang)。
(3)火花低頻
火花低頻是高頻電刀中(zhong)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)性最大的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素,火花低頻(pin)往往造成的(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)灼傷的(de)(de)(de)問題,火花低頻(pin)更容易對病員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命產(chan)生(sheng)威脅。高頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)刀一(yi)般都對低頻(pin)漏電(dian)(dian)流作了嚴(yan)格限制,儀器(qi)本身也不應該輸出低頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)流,因(yin)為其危(wei)險(xian)(xian)性比高頻(pin)要大的(de)(de)(de)多,特別是(shi)機器(qi)外接電(dian)(dian)纜接觸不良打火,造成的(de)(de)(de)低頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)致命的(de)(de)(de),因(yin)此必(bi)須保證儀器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外部系(xi)統連接是(shi)可靠的(de)(de)(de)。