一、空冷器屬于什么設備
空冷(leng)(leng)器是(shi)空氣冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)器的(de)簡稱,是(shi)石油(you)化(hua)工和油(you)氣加(jia)工生(sheng)產(chan)中作為冷(leng)(leng)凝和冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)應用最多(duo)的(de)一種換熱設備。
空(kong)冷器一般是由管(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)箱、風機、百(bai)葉窗和構(gou)架等主(zhu)要部分(fen)組(zu)成。
二、空冷器分類及特點有哪些
空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)按使(shi)用場合不(bu)同,可分(fen)為(wei)電(dian)廠空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)和(he)石化空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)。按冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻方(fang)式(shi),可分(fen)為(wei)干式(shi)、濕式(shi)、以及干-濕聯合式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)。
1、濕式空冷器
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)根(gen)據噴(pen)(pen)水方(fang)式,可(ke)分為(wei)表面蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)型、增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型和噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)型3種(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)石化工業中(zhong)以后(hou)兩種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主。表面蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)是一種(zhong)(zhong)利(li)用管外水膜蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)來(lai)強化傳熱(re)、由光(guang)管組成的空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)裝置。增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)只適用于相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)低于50%的干燥、炎(yan)熱(re)地區,因為(wei)干空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)越(yue)小(xiao),增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)降溫(wen)(wen)越(yue)多,冷(leng)卻效果越(yue)顯著。噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)是直接(jie)在(zai)翅片管束上噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)狀水,利(li)用水分蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)的潛(qian)熱(re)交換和空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣被增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)降溫(wen)(wen)來(lai)強化傳熱(re),同(tong)時,水霧(wu)(wu)的存(cun)在(zai)可(ke)使空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)入口空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣溫(wen)(wen)度(du)接(jie)近環境(jing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du),提高了(le)傳熱(re)平均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)差,在(zai)3%噴(pen)(pen)淋(lin)量下換熱(re)系數可(ke)比干式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)提高2~4倍。
2、干式空冷器
干式空冷器僅依靠(kao)空氣溫(wen)升的顯熱方式來交(jiao)換熱量,靠(kao)翅片管(guan)(guan)和風機(ji)強制循環強化傳熱。操作簡(jian)單,使用方便,但由于其(qi)冷卻溫(wen)度取(qu)決于空氣的干球溫(wen)度,所以(yi)一般(ban)只能把(ba)管(guan)(guan)內熱流體冷卻到高(gao)于環境溫(wen)度15~20℃。
對(dui)于我國南方濕熱(re)地區,濕式空冷器蒸發效果(guo)不(bu)好,一般主要用干式空冷器。
3、干-濕聯合式空冷器
干-濕聯合式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器,就是將(jiang)干式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器與濕式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器組合集成。組合的(de)一般原則是,在工藝流(liu)體高溫區用干式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器,起氣體冷凝(ning)的(de)作(zuo)用;在低(di)溫區使用濕式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器,起冷凝(ning)液冷卻的(de)作(zuo)用。
總之(zhi),選擇(ze)哪(na)種形式的空冷(leng)器,要根據當地的大氣(qi)溫(wen)度、風速及相對濕(shi)度等環(huan)境氣(qi)候條件,結(jie)合介質最終冷(leng)卻溫(wen)度等換熱工藝要求(qiu),并(bing)兼顧經濟性,進行綜合考量確定。