一、空冷器屬于什么設備
空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器是(shi)空(kong)(kong)氣冷(leng)卻器的簡稱(cheng),是(shi)石油化工和(he)油氣加工生產中作為(wei)冷(leng)凝和(he)冷(leng)卻應(ying)用最多(duo)的一種換熱設(she)備。
空冷器一般(ban)是由管束、管箱(xiang)、風(feng)機、百葉(xie)窗(chuang)和構架等主要(yao)部分組成。
二、空冷器分類及特點有哪些
空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器按使用(yong)場(chang)合(he)不同,可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)電廠空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器和(he)石化空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器。按冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)方式(shi),可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)干(gan)式(shi)、濕(shi)(shi)式(shi)、以及(ji)干(gan)-濕(shi)(shi)聯(lian)合(he)式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器。
1、濕式空冷器
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器根據噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)方式(shi),可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)表面蒸發型、增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型和噴(pen)(pen)淋型3種,在(zai)石化(hua)工業中以(yi)后(hou)兩種為(wei)主。表面蒸發式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器是(shi)一(yi)種利(li)用管(guan)外水(shui)膜蒸發來(lai)強化(hua)傳熱(re)、由(you)光管(guan)組成的空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷裝置。增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器只適(shi)用于相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)低于50%的干(gan)燥、炎熱(re)地(di)區,因為(wei)干(gan)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)越小(xiao),增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)降(jiang)溫(wen)越多(duo),冷卻效果越顯著(zhu)。噴(pen)(pen)淋型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器是(shi)直(zhi)接在(zai)翅片管(guan)束上(shang)噴(pen)(pen)霧狀(zhuang)水(shui),利(li)用水(shui)分蒸發的潛熱(re)交(jiao)換(huan)和空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)被(bei)增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)降(jiang)溫(wen)來(lai)強化(hua)傳熱(re),同時,水(shui)霧的存在(zai)可(ke)(ke)使空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器入口空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)接近(jin)環境(jing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球溫(wen)度(du)(du),提(ti)高了傳熱(re)平(ping)均溫(wen)差,在(zai)3%噴(pen)(pen)淋量(liang)下換(huan)熱(re)系(xi)數(shu)可(ke)(ke)比干(gan)式(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷器提(ti)高2~4倍。
2、干式空冷器
干式空冷器僅依靠(kao)(kao)空氣溫升的顯熱方式來(lai)交換(huan)熱量(liang),靠(kao)(kao)翅片管(guan)和風機強制循(xun)環強化傳(chuan)熱。操作簡單,使用方便,但由于其冷卻溫度取決于空氣的干球溫度,所以一般只能把管(guan)內(nei)熱流體(ti)冷卻到(dao)高于環境溫度15~20℃。
對于(yu)我國南(nan)方(fang)濕熱(re)地(di)區,濕式空冷器(qi)蒸發(fa)效果不好(hao),一般(ban)主要用干式空冷器(qi)。
3、干-濕聯合式空冷器
干-濕(shi)聯合(he)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷器(qi),就是將干式(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷器(qi)與濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷器(qi)組合(he)集(ji)成。組合(he)的(de)(de)一般原則是,在(zai)工藝流體高溫區用干式(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷器(qi),起(qi)氣體冷凝的(de)(de)作用;在(zai)低(di)溫區使用濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷器(qi),起(qi)冷凝液冷卻的(de)(de)作用。
總之,選擇哪種形(xing)式(shi)的空冷器,要根據當地(di)的大氣溫(wen)度、風速及相對濕(shi)度等環境氣候條件,結合(he)介質最終冷卻溫(wen)度等換熱(re)工(gong)藝要求,并兼顧(gu)經濟(ji)性,進行綜合(he)考量確定。