一、雨水收集系統的原理
雨水收集系統,指雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集的(de)整個過程,可分五(wu)大環節,即通過雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集管道(dao)收(shou)集雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)-棄流截污(wu)-PP雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集池儲(chu)存雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)-過濾(lv)消毒-凈化回用(yong)。
雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)系統的原理:下雨(yu)(yu)時(shi),通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)管(guan)網(wang)對屋面雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行收(shou)(shou)集(ji),初期(qi)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)由于含污量比較(jiao)高,應先經過(guo)(guo)棄流裝置棄流后進(jin)入雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)池,當收(shou)(shou)集(ji)池滿后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)溢流堰(yan)溢流至下游雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)網(wang)。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)回用時(shi),將儲存在收(shou)(shou)集(ji)池內的雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)及消(xiao)毒后,排至清(qing)水(shui)(shui)池進(jin)行回用。
二、雨水收集系統有哪些作用
1、雨水有效改善區域生態環境
將雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)收集、利用或回(hui)灌地(di)下,可減(jian)輕城(cheng)市的(de)防洪排澇壓力,防止(zhi)城(cheng)市因排澇設施不完善(shan)導致的(de)城(cheng)市雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)排泄(xie)不暢(chang)和洪澇等災(zai)害的(de)發生(sheng);削減(jian)雨(yu)季(ji)峰流(liu)量維持河川的(de)水(shui)(shui)量,增(zeng)加水(shui)(shui)分的(de)蒸(zheng)發,從(cong)而改善(shan)城(cheng)市生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境抑制環(huan)境惡化,減(jian)少或避免馬路及庭(ting)院的(de)積(ji)水(shui)(shui),改善(shan)小區水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境,從(cong)而提高城(cheng)市居民的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)環(huan)境質量。
2、雨水提高水資源利用率
雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)作日常用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)沖廁、洗(xi)衣物、澆灌(guan)花草等,所以(yi)生活用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不必再用(yong)(yong)常規飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。再者由于(yu)(yu)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)的鈣鹽含(han)量低,屬(shu)軟水(shui)(shui)(shui),也可(ke)作冷卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)也適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)工業(ye),可(ke)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)清洗(xi)機器、車(che)間清洗(xi)等,減(jian)少工業(ye)上自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的用(yong)(yong)量。還可(ke)作市政用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)道路清洗(xi)、澆灌(guan)城市綠化等。
3、補充地下水
地下水大部分都是利用雨水、自來水或中水作為補充,其中后兩種方法造價相比于雨水來說偏高,而且中水補充還有污染地下水的可能。利用(yong)雨(yu)水(shui)補充地下水(shui)資源則是最經濟的(de)方法。
4、雨水減輕城市防洪、排水系統壓力
多單(dan)元的雨水(shui)利用(yong),可以蓄到大雨的前中期水(shui)量(liang)(liang),還能起(qi)到洪水(shui)錯峰的作(zuo)用(yong),從總量(liang)(liang)上減少排(pai)入(ru)市政管網和河(he)湖(hu)的雨水(shui)量(liang)(liang)。