一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么

剩(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)(liu)動作保護裝置(zhi)是具有漏電保護功能的(de)開關設備，IEC標準(zhun)(zhun)定名為剩(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)(liu)動作保護裝置(zhi)，縮寫(xie)為RCD，我(wo)國標準(zhun)(zhun)準(zhun)(zhun)將其明確為當電氣線(xian)路和電氣設備發生單相接地故障時(shi)，利(li)用那這個剩(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)(liu)來動作切斷故障線(xian)路和電氣設備電源的(de)保護裝置(zhi)。

剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器，發生電(dian)(dian)擊時，電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)平衡，總電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)為零，線圈產生磁場拉動(dong)觸點動(dong)作(zuo)，分開電(dian)(dian)源。

二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些

1、根據動作方式分：

（1）電(dian)(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)(dian)流保護器

零(ling)序(xu)電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)的(de)二次(ci)回(hui)路輸出電(dian)壓(ya)不經(jing)任何放(fang)大，直接(jie)激(ji)勵剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)，稱為電(dian)磁式剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)，其動作功能與(yu)線路電(dian)壓(ya)無關。

（2）電(dian)(dian)子(zi)式剩余電(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)器

零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流互感(gan)器的(de)二(er)次回路(lu)和脫扣器之間接入一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)放(fang)大(da)線(xian)路(lu)，互感(gan)器二(er)次回路(lu)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)線(xian)路(lu)放(fang)大(da)后再激勵剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脫扣器，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護器，其動作功能與線(xian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有關。

2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分：

（1）剩余電(dian)流斷路器

剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷路(lu)器是檢(jian)測剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，將(jiang)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)與(yu)基準(zhun)值(zhi)相比較(jiao)，當(dang)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)超過基準(zhun)值(zhi)時，使主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)觸(chu)頭斷開的(de)機(ji)械開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷路(lu)器帶有(you)過載和(he)短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)，有(you)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷路(lu)器還可帶有(you)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)。

（2）剩余電(dian)流繼電(dian)器(qi)

剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)檢測(ce)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，將剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與基準值(zhi)相比(bi)較，當(dang)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)超過基準值(zhi)時，發出(chu)一(yi)個機械開閉信號使機械開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)脫扣(kou)或(huo)聲光報警裝(zhuang)置(zhi)發出(chu)報警的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)常和交流(liu)接觸器(qi)或(huo)低壓(ya)斷(duan)路器(qi)組(zu)成剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護器(qi)，作(zuo)為農村(cun)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)總保護開關(guan)或(huo)分支保護開關(guan)使用。

（3）移(yi)動式剩余電流保(bao)護器(qi)

移(yi)動式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器是(shi)由插(cha)頭(tou)、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)和插(cha)座或(huo)接線裝置(zhi)組成的電(dian)(dian)器，它包括(kuo)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插(cha)頭(tou)、移(yi)動式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插(cha)座、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插(cha)頭(tou)插(cha)座轉換器等，用來(lai)對(dui)移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)器設備提供漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

（4）固定(ding)安裝的剩余(yu)電流(liu)保護插座

由(you)固定式插座和剩余電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)裝置組(zu)成的電(dian)器(qi)，也可對移動電(dian)器(qi)設備提(ti)供漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)。

3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分：

（1）專業人員使用的剩(sheng)余電(dian)流保護器

這(zhe)種(zhong)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)一(yi)般額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)較大(da)，作為配電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置中主干線或分支線的保護(hu)開關用，發生故障影響(xiang)范圍比(bi)較大(da)，要求由專業(ye)人員來安裝(zhuang)、使(shi)用和維護(hu)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)屬于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)形式的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)。

（2）家用(yong)和類似用(yong)途的剩余電流保護器

用于(yu)商用、辦公樓及城(cheng)鄉居民住宅等(deng)建筑物(wu)中的剩(sheng)余電流保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)，一般額定(ding)電流比較小，作為終端電氣線路的漏電保(bao)(bao)護裝置，適合于(yu)非專業人員使用。主(zhu)要是家用剩(sheng)余電流斷(duan)路器(qi)和移動式剩(sheng)余電流保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)。

4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分：

（1）一般型剩余電流保(bao)護器

無故障延(yan)時的剩(sheng)余電流(liu)保護(hu)器，主要作為(wei)分支線路和終端線路的漏電保護(hu)裝置(zhi)。

（2）延時型剩余電流(liu)保護(hu)器

專(zhuan)門設計的對某一剩余(yu)動(dong)作(zuo)電流值(zhi)能(neng)達(da)(da)到一個預定的極限不動(dong)作(zuo)時間的剩余(yu)電流保(bao)護(hu)器。延(yan)時型剩余(yu)電流保(bao)護(hu)器主要作(zuo)為主干線(xian)或分支線(xian)的保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)，可以與終端線(xian)路的保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合(he)，達(da)(da)到選擇性保(bao)護(hu)的要求。