一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么
剩余電流動(dong)(dong)作保(bao)(bao)護裝置是(shi)具有漏電保(bao)(bao)護功能(neng)的(de)開關設(she)(she)備(bei),IEC標準定(ding)名為(wei)剩余電流動(dong)(dong)作保(bao)(bao)護裝置,縮寫為(wei)RCD,我國(guo)標準準將其明確為(wei)當電氣線(xian)路和(he)(he)電氣設(she)(she)備(bei)發生單(dan)相接地故障(zhang)時,利用那這個剩余電流來動(dong)(dong)作切斷故障(zhang)線(xian)路和(he)(he)電氣設(she)(she)備(bei)電源(yuan)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護裝置。
剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器,發生電擊時,電流(liu)不(bu)平衡,總電流(liu)不(bu)為(wei)零,線圈產生磁場拉動觸點動作,分開(kai)電源(yuan)。
二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些
1、根據動作方式分:
(1)電(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)流保護器
零(ling)序電(dian)流互感(gan)器的(de)二(er)次回路輸出電(dian)壓不經(jing)任何放大,直(zhi)接激勵剩余(yu)電(dian)流脫扣器,稱(cheng)為電(dian)磁式(shi)剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護器,其動作功能與線(xian)路電(dian)壓無關。
(2)電子式剩余(yu)電流保護器
零序電(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)器的二(er)次(ci)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)和脫扣器之間接入一(yi)個電(dian)子(zi)放(fang)大線(xian)路(lu),互(hu)感(gan)器二(er)次(ci)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的輸出電(dian)壓經過電(dian)子(zi)線(xian)路(lu)放(fang)大后(hou)再激勵剩余電(dian)流脫扣器,稱(cheng)為電(dian)子(zi)式剩余電(dian)流保護(hu)器,其動作功能與線(xian)路(lu)電(dian)壓有關。
2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分:
(1)剩余電流(liu)斷路器
剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)斷路(lu)器是(shi)檢測(ce)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),將剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值與基準值相比較(jiao),當剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值超(chao)過基準值時,使主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)觸頭斷開的機械開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)斷路(lu)器帶有(you)過載和短路(lu)保(bao)護,有(you)的剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)斷路(lu)器還可帶有(you)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護。
(2)剩余電(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)
剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是檢測剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,將剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)與基(ji)準值(zhi)相比較,當(dang)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)超過基(ji)準值(zhi)時,發(fa)出一(yi)個機(ji)械開閉信(xin)號使(shi)(shi)機(ji)械開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)脫扣或聲(sheng)光報警裝置(zhi)發(fa)出報警的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)常和交流接觸器(qi)或低(di)壓斷路器(qi)組(zu)成剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護(hu)(hu)器(qi),作為農村低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的總保護(hu)(hu)開關或分(fen)支保護(hu)(hu)開關使(shi)(shi)用。
(3)移動(dong)式剩(sheng)余(yu)電流保護器(qi)
移動(dong)(dong)式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)是由(you)插(cha)(cha)頭、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置和插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)接線裝(zhuang)置組成的(de)電器(qi),它包(bao)括(kuo)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭、移動(dong)(dong)式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保護(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)轉換器(qi)等,用來對移動(dong)(dong)電器(qi)設備提供漏電保護(hu)(hu)。
(4)固定安裝的剩余(yu)電流保(bao)護(hu)插(cha)座
由固定式(shi)插座和剩(sheng)余電流保護(hu)(hu)裝置組成的電器,也(ye)可對移動電器設備提供漏(lou)電保護(hu)(hu)。
3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分:
(1)專業人員使用(yong)的剩余電(dian)流保護器
這(zhe)種剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)(hu)器一般額(e)定電(dian)流(liu)比較(jiao)大(da)(da),作為配(pei)電(dian)裝置中主干(gan)線(xian)或分(fen)支(zhi)線(xian)的(de)保護(hu)(hu)開關用,發(fa)生故障影響范圍比較(jiao)大(da)(da),要求(qiu)由專業人員來安裝、使用和維(wei)護(hu)(hu)。剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)器和大(da)(da)電(dian)流(liu)剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器屬于這(zhe)種形(xing)式的(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)(hu)器。
(2)家(jia)用和類(lei)似用途的剩余電流保護器
用(yong)于商用(yong)、辦公(gong)樓及城鄉(xiang)居民住宅等建筑物中(zhong)的剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),一般額定(ding)電(dian)流比較小,作為終(zhong)端電(dian)氣線路(lu)的漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)裝置,適合于非專(zhuan)業人員使(shi)用(yong)。主要是家用(yong)剩余(yu)電(dian)流斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和移動式(shi)剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分:
(1)一(yi)般型剩余電流保護(hu)器
無故障延時(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)流保護器,主(zhu)要作為分支線路和終端線路的(de)漏電(dian)保護裝置。
(2)延時型剩余電流保護器(qi)
專門設計的(de)對(dui)某一剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)動作(zuo)電流值能(neng)達到(dao)一個預定的(de)極限不動作(zuo)時間的(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保(bao)(bao)護器。延時型剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流保(bao)(bao)護器主要(yao)作(zuo)為主干(gan)線(xian)或分(fen)支線(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護裝置,可以與終(zhong)端線(xian)路(lu)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護裝置配合,達到(dao)選擇(ze)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)要(yao)求。