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泥哇嗚屬于非物質文化遺產嘛

泥哇嗚(wu)是流(liu)傳于寧夏民間的一(yi)種(zhong)自娛自樂型樂器，泥哇嗚(wu)是塤的一(yi)種(zhong)，2006年被(bei)列入國(guo)家級非物質文化遺產保護名錄項目。

泥哇嗚形制介紹

通體用黃膠泥捏制而成(cheng)，其形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀、大(da)小、音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)數量和位置(zhi)各不(bu)相同。大(da)者與鵝卵近似，小者有(you)如核(he)桃(tao)。外形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式樣有(you)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棗形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、魚形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、桃(tao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、娃(wa)娃(wa)頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、牛頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、牛角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、蝶(die)(die)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和扁方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等等，不(bu)勝枚舉。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)上(shang)端正中(zhong)開(kai)吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，在(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)開(kai)若干音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。如核(he)桃(tao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)，在(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)面開(kai)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)，開(kai)五(wu)個音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi))；魚形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)五(wu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，牛頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)寬下尖，吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)在(zai)上(shang)方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)間，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為四(si)(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi))或(huo)六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)后(hou)(hou)二(er))。牛角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為三(san)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi))或(huo)六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi))。蝶(die)(die)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為四(si)(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi))。還有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用皮(pi)革或(huo)綿(mian)紙做的(de)泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)，呈扁方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，多(duo)為三(san)個音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。泥哇(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)(wu)(wu)雖(sui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀、音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有(you)別，但都在(zai)兩側或(huo)底部設(she)有(you)小孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，拴(shuan)系(xi)不(bu)同顏色的(de)絲穗或(huo)彩(cai)珠(zhu)作為裝飾。

泥哇嗚吹奏方法

吹(chui)奏(zou)(zou)時，雙手托捧泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，拇(mu)指、中指夾持(chi)，口對吹(chui)孔送氣發音，指法各有(you)(you)不(bu)同，音域多為(wei)d1—a1或(huo)d1—c2。小(xiao)者音色(se)清(qing)脆(cui)、悠揚，大者音色(se)渾厚、深沉。蝶形泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚兩端和牛(niu)角形泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚有(you)(you)些(xie)相似，外表美觀(guan)、別致，是婦(fu)女喜(xi)愛(ai)吹(chui)奏(zou)(zou)的(de)泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚品種(zhong)。牛(niu)頭形泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚在山(shan)區或(huo)農、牧(mu)(mu)區普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，它既是牧(mu)(mu)民和牧(mu)(mu)童喜(xi)愛(ai)的(de)自娛性(xing)樂(le)器，又是輔(fu)助牧(mu)(mu)業生(sheng)產的(de)工(gong)具。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)獨奏(zou)(zou)。牧(mu)(mu)民多用(yong)(yong)(yong)以吹(chui)奏(zou)(zou)民歌(ge)小(xiao)調(diao)，常常是見景生(sheng)情，自編自奏(zou)(zou)。傳統樂(le)曲《蘇武牧(mu)(mu)羊》、《放牧(mu)(mu)小(xiao)調(diao)》、《即興(xing)曲》等。當然，隨著泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚這件民間樂(le)器的(de)不(bu)斷改良，現已有(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)創作樂(le)曲，如《阿哥(ge)的(de)泥哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚》、《原州(zhou)小(xiao)曲》和《我愛(ai)我的(de)臺灣島》等。

改良后的泥哇嗚

經過改良(liang)的(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚，呈(cheng)牛(niu)頭(tou)形，兩角橫于頂(ding)部，中空。有(you)(you)大、中、小(xiao)三種(zhong)，分別發出(chu)高音(yin)、中音(yin)和低音(yin)，總(zong)音(yin)域f-f2，包括其中所有(you)(you)半音(yin)。音(yin)色(se)古樸而明亮。其中可供獨(du)奏(zou)的(de)中音(yin)牛(niu)頭(tou)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚，橫寬(kuan)15厘米、豎長12厘米，上端正中開吹孔(kong)(kong)，開有(you)(you)七(qi)個音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(前六左(zuo)側(ce)(ce)一)。吹奏(zou)時，雙手虎口夾持，右(you)(you)手指按(an)右(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)三音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)，左(zuo)手指按(an)左(zuo)側(ce)(ce)四音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)。常演(yan)奏(zou)F、bB或C調(diao)五聲(sheng)音(yin)階樂曲。整套牛(niu)頭(tou)形泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚，已用(yong)于音(yin)樂舞臺演(yan)出(chu)。