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泥哇嗚屬于非物質文化遺產嘛

泥(ni)(ni)哇(wa)嗚是流傳于寧夏民間的一種自娛自樂型樂器，泥(ni)(ni)哇(wa)嗚是塤的一種，2006年(nian)被列入(ru)國(guo)家級非物質文化遺(yi)產保護(hu)名錄項目。

泥哇嗚形制介紹

通體用(yong)(yong)黃(huang)膠(jiao)泥(ni)捏(nie)制而成，其形(xing)狀(zhuang)、大小(xiao)、音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)數量和位置各不相同。大者與鵝卵(luan)近似，小(xiao)者有(you)如核桃。外形(xing)式樣有(you)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)、棗形(xing)、魚形(xing)、桃形(xing)、娃(wa)娃(wa)頭形(xing)、牛(niu)(niu)頭形(xing)、牛(niu)(niu)角形(xing)、蝶形(xing)和扁(bian)方形(xing)等等，不勝枚舉。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)上端正中開(kai)(kai)(kai)吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，在(zai)前(qian)(qian)、后開(kai)(kai)(kai)若干音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。如核桃形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，在(zai)前(qian)(qian)面開(kai)(kai)(kai)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；橢(tuo)圓形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，開(kai)(kai)(kai)五(wu)(wu)個(ge)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)四后一(yi)(yi)(yi))；魚形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚前(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)五(wu)(wu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，牛(niu)(niu)頭形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚上寬下尖(jian)，吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)在(zai)上方中間，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多為四孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)三(san)后一(yi)(yi)(yi))或六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)四后二(er))。牛(niu)(niu)角形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多為三(san)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)二(er)后一(yi)(yi)(yi))或六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)后一(yi)(yi)(yi))。蝶形(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多為四孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)三(san)后一(yi)(yi)(yi))。還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種用(yong)(yong)皮革或綿紙做的泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚，呈扁(bian)方形(xing)，多為三(san)個(ge)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚雖形(xing)狀(zhuang)、音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有(you)別，但(dan)都在(zai)兩側或底部設(she)有(you)小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，拴系不同顏色的絲穗或彩(cai)珠作為裝飾。

泥哇嗚吹奏方法

吹(chui)(chui)奏(zou)時，雙(shuang)手托捧泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)，拇指(zhi)(zhi)、中指(zhi)(zhi)夾(jia)持，口對吹(chui)(chui)孔(kong)送(song)氣發音(yin)，指(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)各有不(bu)(bu)同，音(yin)域(yu)多為d1—a1或(huo)d1—c2。小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)音(yin)色(se)清(qing)脆、悠揚，大(da)者(zhe)音(yin)色(se)渾厚、深沉。蝶形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)兩端和(he)(he)牛(niu)(niu)角(jiao)形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)有些(xie)相似，外(wai)表美觀、別致，是(shi)婦女喜愛(ai)吹(chui)(chui)奏(zou)的(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)品(pin)種。牛(niu)(niu)頭形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)在山(shan)區或(huo)農、牧(mu)(mu)區普遍使(shi)用，它既是(shi)牧(mu)(mu)民(min)和(he)(he)牧(mu)(mu)童喜愛(ai)的(de)自(zi)娛性(xing)樂器(qi)，又是(shi)輔(fu)助牧(mu)(mu)業生(sheng)產的(de)工具(ju)。常用于獨奏(zou)。牧(mu)(mu)民(min)多用以吹(chui)(chui)奏(zou)民(min)歌(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)調，常常是(shi)見景生(sheng)情，自(zi)編(bian)自(zi)奏(zou)。傳統樂曲(qu)(qu)(qu)《蘇武牧(mu)(mu)羊》、《放牧(mu)(mu)小(xiao)(xiao)調》、《即興曲(qu)(qu)(qu)》等(deng)。當然，隨著泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)這件民(min)間樂器(qi)的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷改良，現已有不(bu)(bu)少創作樂曲(qu)(qu)(qu)，如《阿哥的(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)》、《原州小(xiao)(xiao)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)》和(he)(he)《我愛(ai)我的(de)臺灣島》等(deng)。

改良后的泥哇嗚

經過改良(liang)的泥哇嗚(wu)，呈(cheng)牛(niu)頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)，兩角橫(heng)于(yu)(yu)頂部，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空。有大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)三種，分別發出(chu)高(gao)音(yin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)和低音(yin)，總音(yin)域(yu)f-f2，包括其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所有半音(yin)。音(yin)色古樸而(er)明亮。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可供獨奏(zou)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)牛(niu)頭(tou)泥哇嗚(wu)，橫(heng)寬15厘米、豎長12厘米，上端正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)吹孔(kong)，開(kai)有七個音(yin)孔(kong)(前六左側(ce)(ce)一(yi))。吹奏(zou)時，雙手(shou)虎(hu)口夾(jia)持，右(you)手(shou)指按右(you)側(ce)(ce)三音(yin)孔(kong)，左手(shou)指按左側(ce)(ce)四音(yin)孔(kong)。常演奏(zou)F、bB或C調五聲音(yin)階(jie)樂曲。整套(tao)牛(niu)頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)泥哇嗚(wu)，已用于(yu)(yu)音(yin)樂舞臺(tai)演出(chu)。