瑞麗石(shi)(shi)斛產自云南省(sheng)瑞麗市(shi),石(shi)(shi)斛是一(yi)種(zhong)蘭(lan)科植物,也是一(yi)種(zhong)名貴的中藥(yao)材,有著(zhu)悠久的歷史和(he)豐富的功效。石(shi)(shi)斛不僅(jin)可以(yi)觀賞,還可以(yi)食用(yong)和(he)入藥(yao),是一(yi)種(zhong)值得(de)推薦(jian)的養生佳品(pin)。
石斛喜(xi)溫暖(nuan)、潮(chao)濕、半陰的環境。其有肥(fei)厚的肉質(zhi)莖,呈扁圓柱形(xing)。葉片呈長卵(luan)形(xing),革質(zhi)。開白花大花,尖端(duan)淡(dan)紫色,花期(qi)5-6月,果期(qi)7-8月。盆栽石斛觀賞價(jia)值高,形(xing)體(ti)特殊,花色斑(ban)斕,給(gei)人熱(re)烈、亮麗(li)的感覺。
瑞麗石斛(hu)種質資(zi)源圃位于云南省(sheng)瑞麗市城北郊東經97°85′,北緯24°02′,海拔780m,年均溫20℃,年降水量1394.8毫米,屬南亞熱帶季風性氣(qi)候。
瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)依托單位為(wei)云南(nan)省德(de)宏熱(re)帶(dai)農(nong)(nong)業科學(xue)(xue)研究所(suo)。石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)始建于2000年(nian),2010年(nian)列入農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)熱(re)帶(dai)作物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)項目,2014年(nian)由農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)正式認定并授牌“農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)”,占地面積(ji)30畝(mu),石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)分為(wei)四個功能區(qu)(原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)、保(bao)(bao)存(cun)區(qu)、試(shi)驗區(qu)和展(zhan)示區(qu)),根據石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)境和生(sheng)(sheng)長特(te)點(dian),分別采用(yong)與果(guo)樹(shu)附(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)、露天離(li)地栽培(pei)、溫室離(li)地栽培(pei)和離(li)體(ti)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)四種(zhong)(zhong)方式保(bao)(bao)存(cun)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan);有(you)布局科學(xue)(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)道路網(wang)絡1000多米(mi)、環山(shan)水溪600多米(mi),配套(tao)隔離(li)溫室20㎡、繁育溫室1200㎡、氣象觀(guan)察站1臺和水肥一體(ti)化灌溉系統(tong)(tong)等輔助設施,圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)內以澳洲堅果(guo)樹(shu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要遮陽系統(tong)(tong)、地被多種(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)藥植物(wu)(wu)(wu),構成(cheng)以石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)遺傳(chuan)多樣性為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong),集珍稀藥用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)活體(ti)標本(ben)、科普教學(xue)(xue)示范(fan)為(wei)一體(ti)。是國(guo)內唯一收集保(bao)(bao)存(cun)野生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)最豐富,管理(li)科學(xue)(xue)規(gui)范(fan)、保(bao)(bao)存(cun)安全穩(wen)定、信息交流共享的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)之一,為(wei)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和產業發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供強有(you)力的(de)(de)基礎保(bao)(bao)障和技術支撐。截止2019年(nian)底(di)共收集保(bao)(bao)存(cun)國(guo)內外(wai)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)209種(zhong)(zhong)380份(fen)。
目前,利用(yong)豐富的野(ye)生石(shi)斛(hu)種質資源,按(an)照其生長習性(xing)進行人工馴化和培育,石(shi)斛(hu)蘭已成為了云南園林(lin)特色花卉的新(xin)成員。