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瑞麗石斛介紹

瑞麗石(shi)斛產自云南省(sheng)瑞麗市(shi)，石(shi)斛是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種蘭科植物，也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種名貴的(de)(de)(de)中藥材，有(you)著悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)歷史和豐富的(de)(de)(de)功效(xiao)。石(shi)斛不僅可以(yi)觀賞，還可以(yi)食用(yong)和入(ru)藥，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種值得推薦的(de)(de)(de)養生(sheng)佳品。

瑞麗石斛特點

石斛(hu)喜溫暖、潮濕、半陰的(de)(de)環境。其(qi)有肥厚的(de)(de)肉質莖，呈(cheng)扁(bian)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)。葉(xie)片呈(cheng)長卵形(xing)(xing)，革質。開(kai)白花大(da)花，尖端淡紫(zi)色，花期(qi)5-6月(yue)，果(guo)期(qi)7-8月(yue)。盆栽(zai)石斛(hu)觀賞價值(zhi)高，形(xing)(xing)體(ti)特殊，花色斑(ban)斕，給人(ren)熱(re)烈、亮麗的(de)(de)感(gan)覺。

瑞麗石斛種植基地

瑞(rui)(rui)麗石斛種質(zhi)資源圃位(wei)于云南省瑞(rui)(rui)麗市城北郊東經97°85′，北緯24°02′，海拔780m，年(nian)均溫20℃，年(nian)降水量1394.8毫(hao)米，屬南亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風性氣候。

瑞麗石斛發展現狀

瑞麗石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)圃依托單位為云(yun)南(nan)省德宏熱帶農(nong)業(ye)科學(xue)研究所。石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)圃始建于(yu)2000年，2010年列入農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)熱帶作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護項目，2014年由(you)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)正(zheng)式認定并授牌“農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)瑞麗石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)圃”，占地面積30畝，石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)圃分為四個功能區（原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區、保(bao)(bao)(bao)存區、試(shi)驗區和展示(shi)區），根據(ju)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)的原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長特點，分別(bie)采用與果(guo)樹附生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)(pei)、露(lu)天離地栽培(pei)(pei)、溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)離地栽培(pei)(pei)和離體(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式保(bao)(bao)(bao)存石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)資(zi)源(yuan)；有布局科學(xue)合理的道路網(wang)絡1000多米(mi)、環山水(shui)溪600多米(mi)，配套隔離溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)20㎡、繁育(yu)溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)1200㎡、氣象觀察站(zhan)1臺和水(shui)肥一(yi)體(ti)化灌溉系統等輔助設施，圃內(nei)以(yi)澳洲堅果(guo)樹為主要遮陽系統、地被(bei)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)藥(yao)植(zhi)物，構成以(yi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)遺(yi)傳(chuan)多樣性為主的綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統，集(ji)珍(zhen)稀藥(yao)用植(zhi)物活體(ti)標本(ben)、科普教學(xue)示(shi)范(fan)為一(yi)體(ti)。是國內(nei)唯(wei)一(yi)收集(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)資(zi)源(yuan)最(zui)豐富，管理科學(xue)規范(fan)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)存安全穩定、信息交(jiao)流共享(xiang)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)圃之一(yi)，為石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和產(chan)業(ye)發展提供強有力的基礎保(bao)(bao)(bao)障和技(ji)術支(zhi)撐。截(jie)止2019年底(di)共收集(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存國內(nei)外石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)209種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)380份。

目前，利用(yong)豐富的野生石斛種質資源，按照其生長習(xi)性進(jin)行(xing)人工馴化和培育，石斛蘭已成為了(le)云南園林(lin)特色(se)花卉的新成員。