瑞麗(li)石(shi)(shi)斛產自云南省瑞麗(li)市(shi),石(shi)(shi)斛是一(yi)種蘭科植物(wu),也是一(yi)種名貴的(de)中(zhong)藥材,有著悠久的(de)歷史和豐富(fu)的(de)功效。石(shi)(shi)斛不(bu)僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)觀(guan)賞,還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)食用和入藥,是一(yi)種值得(de)推薦的(de)養生佳(jia)品。
石斛喜溫暖、潮濕、半(ban)陰的環境。其有肥厚的肉質(zhi)(zhi)莖(jing),呈(cheng)(cheng)扁圓柱形。葉(xie)片呈(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)卵形,革質(zhi)(zhi)。開白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)大花(hua)(hua)(hua),尖端淡紫色,花(hua)(hua)(hua)期5-6月,果期7-8月。盆栽石斛觀(guan)賞(shang)價(jia)值高,形體特殊,花(hua)(hua)(hua)色斑斕,給人(ren)熱烈(lie)、亮麗的感覺。
瑞麗石斛(hu)種質資源圃位于云南省瑞麗市城北(bei)郊東經97°85′,北(bei)緯(wei)24°02′,海拔780m,年均溫20℃,年降水(shui)量1394.8毫米,屬(shu)南亞熱帶季風(feng)性氣候。
瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源圃(pu)依(yi)托單位為云南省德宏(hong)熱帶(dai)農(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)學研究所。石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)始建于(yu)2000年(nian),2010年(nian)列入農(nong)業(ye)部熱帶(dai)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源保(bao)護(hu)項目,2014年(nian)由農(nong)業(ye)部正式認(ren)定并授牌(pai)“農(nong)業(ye)部瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源圃(pu)”,占(zhan)地(di)面積30畝,石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)分為四(si)個功能區(原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區、保(bao)存(cun)(cun)區、試驗(yan)區和(he)(he)展(zhan)示區),根據石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)原生境和(he)(he)生長特點,分別采用與果(guo)樹附生栽(zai)培、露天離(li)(li)(li)地(di)栽(zai)培、溫(wen)室(shi)離(li)(li)(li)地(di)栽(zai)培和(he)(he)離(li)(li)(li)體保(bao)存(cun)(cun)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式保(bao)存(cun)(cun)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源;有布局科(ke)(ke)學合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)道路網絡1000多(duo)米(mi)、環山水(shui)溪(xi)600多(duo)米(mi),配套(tao)隔離(li)(li)(li)溫(wen)室(shi)20㎡、繁(fan)育溫(wen)室(shi)1200㎡、氣象觀察(cha)站(zhan)1臺和(he)(he)水(shui)肥一體化灌溉系統(tong)等輔助(zhu)設施,圃(pu)內以(yi)澳洲堅(jian)果(guo)樹為主要遮陽系統(tong)、地(di)被多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南藥植物(wu),構成以(yi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)遺傳多(duo)樣性為主的(de)(de)綠色生態系統(tong),集(ji)(ji)珍稀(xi)藥用植物(wu)活(huo)體標本、科(ke)(ke)普教(jiao)學示范(fan)為一體。是國內唯一收集(ji)(ji)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)野(ye)生石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源最豐富,管(guan)理(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)學規范(fan)、保(bao)存(cun)(cun)安全穩定、信息交(jiao)流共享的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)之一,為石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生資(zi)(zi)(zi)源保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)產業(ye)發展(zhan)提供強有力的(de)(de)基(ji)礎保(bao)障(zhang)和(he)(he)技術支撐。截止2019年(nian)底(di)共收集(ji)(ji)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)國內外石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源209種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)380份(fen)。
目前(qian),利用豐富的野生石斛(hu)種質資源,按照其生長習(xi)性進行人工馴化(hua)和培育,石斛(hu)蘭(lan)已(yi)成為(wei)了(le)云南(nan)園林(lin)特色花(hua)卉的新成員。