產品介紹
蕨麻(拉丁學名(ming):Potentilla anserina L.),原名(ming)人參果[1] ,是薔薇科,委陵菜(cai)屬(shu)多年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本。根(gen)(gen)向下(xia)延長,有時在根(gen)(gen)的下(xia)部長成紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)塊根(gen)(gen)。莖(jing)匍匐,在節處生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根(gen)(gen),常著地長出新植株,外(wai)被(bei)(bei)伏(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)半開展疏柔毛或(huo)(huo)(huo)脫落幾無毛。基生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)為間斷羽狀復(fu)葉(xie),葉(xie)柄(bing)(bing)被(bei)(bei)伏(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)半開展疏柔毛,小(xiao)葉(xie)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無柄(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)葉(xie)有短柄(bing)(bing),橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),倒(dao)卵橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)長橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)綠色(se),下(xia)面(mian)密被(bei)(bei)緊貼銀(yin)白色(se)絹毛,葉(xie)脈(mo)明顯(xian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)不明顯(xian),莖(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)與(yu)基生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)相似,單花(hua)腋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);花(hua)直徑1.5-2厘米;萼(e)片三角卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),副萼(e)片橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)瓣黃(huang)色(se),倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、頂端圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
形態特征
多年生草本。根向(xiang)下延長(chang)(chang),有時在根的下部長(chang)(chang)成紡錘形或橢圓(yuan)形塊根。莖匍匐(fu),在節處(chu)生根,常著地長(chang)(chang)出新植株(zhu),外(wai)被(bei)伏生或半開展疏柔毛或脫落幾無(wu)毛。
基(ji)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)為間斷羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie),有小葉(xie)(xie)6-11對(dui),連葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)2-20厘(li)米(mi),葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)被(bei)伏生(sheng)或(huo)半(ban)開展疏(shu)(shu)柔(rou)毛(mao),有時脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)幾(ji)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)。小葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng)或(huo)互生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)柄(bing)或(huo)頂(ding)生(sheng)小葉(xie)(xie)有短柄(bing),最上(shang)面一(yi)對(dui)小葉(xie)(xie)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)下延與葉(xie)(xie)軸匯合(he),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)小葉(xie)(xie)漸小呈附片狀(zhuang);小葉(xie)(xie)片通常橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),倒卵橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1-2.5厘(li)米(mi),寬0.5-1厘(li)米(mi),頂(ding)端圓鈍,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)闊楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣有多數尖銳鋸齒(chi)或(huo)呈裂(lie)片狀(zhuang),上(shang)面綠色,被(bei)疏(shu)(shu)柔(rou)毛(mao)或(huo)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)幾(ji)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao),下面密被(bei)緊貼銀白色絹(juan)毛(mao),葉(xie)(xie)脈明顯或(huo)不(bu)明顯,莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)與基(ji)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)相似,惟小葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)數較少;基(ji)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)下部(bu)(bu)莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)托(tuo)葉(xie)(xie)膜(mo)質(zhi),褐色,和(he)葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)連成鞘狀(zhuang),外面被(bei)疏(shu)(shu)柔(rou)毛(mao)或(huo)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)幾(ji)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)托(tuo)葉(xie)(xie)草質(zhi),多分(fen)裂(lie)。
單花(hua)腋生;花(hua)梗長(chang)2.5-8厘米,被疏柔毛;花(hua)直徑1.5-2厘米;萼(e)片(pian)三角卵形,頂端急(ji)尖或(huo)漸尖,副萼(e)片(pian)橢圓形或(huo)橢圓披針形,常2-3裂稀(xi)不裂,與副萼(e)片(pian)近等長(chang)或(huo)稍短;花(hua)瓣黃色,倒卵形、頂端圓形,比萼(e)片(pian)長(chang)1倍(bei);花(hua)柱側生,小枝狀(zhuang),柱頭稍擴大。
主要價值
含(han)豐富淀粉,市(shi)稱“蕨麻”或“人參果”,治貧血(xue)和(he)營養不良等,又可供甜制(zhi)食品及釀(niang)酒(jiu)用;根含(han)鞣(rou)料(liao),可提制(zhi)栲(kao)膠,并可入藥,作收斂劑;莖(jing)葉可提取(qu)黃色(se)染料(liao);又是(shi)蜜源植物(wu)和(he)飼料(liao)植物(wu)。