黑(hei)龍江(jiang)賓縣二龍湖(hu)濕地公園(yuan)位于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省南(nan)部(bu),松(song)花(hua)江(jiang)南(nan)岸的賓縣縣城西(xi)南(nan)6km處。地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)北緯45°41′59.8″~45°44′36.6″,東(dong)經127°23′33.9″~127°27′48.3″,東(dong)西(xi)長5.44km,南(nan)北寬4.90km,總面(mian)積為(wei)1286.3hm2。
黑龍(long)江賓縣(xian)二龍(long)湖(hu)是2012年經國家(jia)林業局審核批(pi)準成(cheng)立的國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園(yuan),濕(shi)地公園(yuan)范圍是東以環湖(hu)公路(lu)與南(nan)陽村(cun)(cun)相(xiang)鄰,西以泄洪渠與二龍(long)村(cun)(cun)、永(yong)樂(le)村(cun)(cun)、二龍(long)山家(jia)屬區(qu)相(xiang)鄰;南(nan)以山脊(ji)線接(jie)二龍(long)山林場,北以環湖(hu)公路(lu)鄰二龍(long)山村(cun)(cun)。
二龍(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水域(yu)面(mian)積較(jiao)大,以湖泊和(he)(he)沼澤(ze)為主(zhu),土壤類(lei)型(xing)主(zhu)要有黑土、白漿土、草甸土、沼澤(ze)土、泥炭土、泛濫土和(he)(he)水稻(dao)土,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地率高達75.63%。二龍(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物資源比較(jiao)豐富。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)環境復雜,既(ji)有大面(mian)積的湖泊和(he)(he)沼澤(ze),又有小面(mian)積草甸及森林(lin),充(chong)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)現(xian)出野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物棲息生(sheng)(sheng)境的多(duo)樣性。由(you)于公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)水域(yu)面(mian)積較(jiao)大且水資源充(chong)足,吸(xi)引了(le)(le)各種(zhong)在(zai)森林(lin)和(he)(he)草地上筑巢繁殖的鳥類(lei)前來覓(mi)食;一些(xie)大型(xing)的哺(bu)乳動物也(ye)常游蕩(dang)于二龍(long)湖岸邊棲居、覓(mi)食和(he)(he)飲水,同時公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)的積水濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地和(he)(he)小面(mian)積森林(lin)也(ye)為眾多(duo)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物提供了(le)(le)棲息場所。因此,二龍(long)湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物特別是鳥類(lei)和(he)(he)魚類(lei)的種(zhong)類(lei)較(jiao)多(duo),種(zhong)群數量大、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)范(fan)圍(wei)廣(guang)。
根據調查表(biao)明,目(mu)前公園內分(fen)布有野生動(dong)物(wu)30目(mu)78科(ke)(ke)(ke)279種(zhong),其中,有魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)4目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)(ke)49種(zhong);兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)2目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)8種(zhong);爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)(lei)2目(mu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)7種(zhong);鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)16目(mu)46科(ke)(ke)(ke)181種(zhong);獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)6目(mu)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)34種(zhong)。國(guo)家Ⅰ級保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有東方白鸛,國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有黑熊(xiong)、猞猁、黃喉貂(diao)、青鼬、馬鹿及鴛鴦等30種(zhong),是哈爾濱地區生物(wu)資源的(de)重要組(zu)成部分(fen)。
黑龍(long)(long)江賓(bin)縣二(er)龍(long)(long)湖國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)屬(shu)于長白山脈張廣才嶺(ling)西北部(bu)小嶺(ling)的(de)(de)余脈,植(zhi)被屬(shu)長白植(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)。二(er)龍(long)(long)湖國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)有高(gao)等植(zhi)物(wu)364種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)于64科(ke)(ke)(ke)183屬(shu)。其中蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)6.25%,占(zhan)總屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)2.73%,占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)1.92%;種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)357種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)98.08%,隸(li)屬(shu)于60科(ke)(ke)(ke)178屬(shu),分(fen)(fen)別占(zhan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)的(de)(de)93.75%和97.27%。在(zai)濕地(di)公園(yuan)內(nei)分(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)優勢(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)有菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)、禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)、毛茛科(ke)(ke)(ke)、薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、百合科(ke)(ke)(ke)、傘形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、唇形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、石竹科(ke)(ke)(ke)、莎(sha)草科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)以及豆科(ke)(ke)(ke),這11個優勢(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)所含植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)占(zhan)全區種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60.22%。
黑(hei)龍(long)江二龍(long)湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)域內生(sheng)態(tai)系統主要(yao)有(you)(you)河流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)、草本沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)、灌叢沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)、庫塘(tang)濕(shi)地(di)(di)和其他人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)等多(duo)種濕(shi)地(di)(di)共同組成(cheng)。二龍(long)湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)景觀優美(mei)、濕(shi)地(di)(di)多(duo)樣性(xing)高,濕(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)體未(wei)收污染,能夠發揮濕(shi)地(di)(di)的生(sheng)態(tai)功能作用(yong)。二龍(long)湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),不(bu)僅(jin)對濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統的保護有(you)(you)重要(yao)意義,而且對二龍(long)湖的水(shui)源涵養及區(qu)域經濟可持(chi)續發展發揮重要(yao)的生(sheng)態(tai)價(jia)值和社(she)會(hui)價(jia)值。