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陜西(xi)是中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)武術的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)發源地(di)之一(yi)，歷史(shi)上(shang)曾有十(shi)三個(ge)王朝建都的(de)(de)(de)長安自古(gu)就(jiu)(jiu)有“文(wen)(wen)武盛(sheng)地(di)”的(de)(de)(de)美稱，這(zhe)(zhe)片土地(di)和生(sheng)活(huo)于此的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，在世(shi)界文(wen)(wen)明(ming)史(shi)上(shang)曾經(jing)書寫了輝煌篇章(zhang)。古(gu)人(ren)(ren)即(ji)語“東(dong)有長安、西(xi)有羅馬”，表明(ming)了古(gu)長安在世(shi)界上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)地(di)位，這(zhe)(zhe)里曾經(jing)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五千年(nian)政治、經(jing)濟、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)發展的(de)(de)(de)高地(di)。這(zhe)(zhe)里孕(yun)育著華(hua)夏文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)精髓，傳承著周人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)雅，秦人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)獷，漢(han)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)豪邁，唐人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)包容。這(zhe)(zhe)片熱(re)土孕(yun)育出漢(han)唐盛(sheng)世(shi)，造就(jiu)(jiu)了秦人(ren)(ren)充(chong)滿陽(yang)剛之氣，樸(pu)實豪放的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)格。“紅拳”就(jiu)(jiu)誕(dan)生(sheng)在這(zhe)(zhe)片的(de)(de)(de)黃土地(di)上(shang)，是本(ben)土武文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)精髓。紅拳文(wen)(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)，包含著儒家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)修德、墨家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)俠(xia)義(yi)、道家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)和諧(xie)、佛家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)慈(ci)懷。

簡介

紅(hong)(hong)拳歷經千百年風雨(yu)滄桑，它以(yi)(yi)內容豐富，套路繁多，技法(fa)全面、德(de)藝并(bing)存(cun)、以(yi)(yi)撐補撐斬為(wei)其(qi)母、勾掛纏粘為(wei)其(qi)能、化(hua)身閃綻為(wei)其(qi)妙、鉆身貼靠、腿法(fa)凌厲(li)、刁打巧擊為(wei)其(qi)法(fa)，享譽武林。紅(hong)(hong)拳傳域甚廣(guang)，有豫紅(hong)(hong)、隴紅(hong)(hong)、川紅(hong)(hong)、滇紅(hong)(hong)、晉紅(hong)(hong)、魯紅(hong)(hong)等，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)關中最。

起源

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)最(zui)早(zao)起(qi)源可追(zhui)溯到周(zhou)、秦 。西(xi)周(zhou)灃鎬(hao)盛行“武(wu)舞(wu)”“角(jiao)力”。秦時三輔（今陜(shan)西(xi)關中(zhong)一帶）盛行，“手搏”“擊(ji)劍(jian)”長安附(fu)近尤(you)甚(shen)，并以(yi)對練(lian)套(tao)路(lu)娛樂提高技(ji)藝（見《中(zhong)國武(wu)術(shu)史(shi)》）。又(you)據《史(shi)記(ji).張(zhang)儀傳(chuan)》記(ji)載：“秦人(ren)秦聲，舞(wu)秦舞(wu)擊(ji)缶彈箏(zheng)，擊(ji)膊拊(fu)髀（bi）”，說是秦王嬴政打完勝仗后的慶功(gong)宴(yan)上(shang)，武(wu)士(shi)“擊(ji)膊拊(fu)髀”（跳拍(pai)打舞(wu)）以(yi)示慶賀，這與現(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)演練(lian)套(tao)路(lu)中(zhong) “放炮”、“十大響”的有著(zhu)同樣的表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式，與民間(jian)流(liu)傳(chuan)的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)諺語“擊(ji)皮為鼓”也同出(chu)一轍。“擊(ji)膊拊(fu)髀”體(ti)現(xian)秦人(ren)粗(cu)獷豪放，既(ji)練(lian)了(le)“拍(pai)打之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)”，又(you)練(lian)了(le)“撐(cheng)(cheng)斬之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)以(yi)“撐(cheng)(cheng)斬為母” 撐(cheng)(cheng)斬是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)拳(quan)(quan)法(fa)的精髓。唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)拳(quan)(quan)法(fa)稱(cheng)謂“唐(tang)手”“角(jiao)抵”，唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名詩人(ren)李白(bai)都(dou)自稱(cheng)“十五好劍(jian)術(shu)”。唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)郭子儀、薛仁(ren)貴、都(dou)是陜(shan)西(xi)出(chu)的名將。

流派

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)關(guan)中、山西(xi)(xi)、山東西(xi)(xi)部菏澤(ze)、河北南部、河南北部地方(fang)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的主流派，這(zhe)是眾所公認的。在陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)境(jing)內(nei)又以(yi)潼關(guan)、大散(san)關(guan)為(wei)標志分(fen)為(wei)“關(guan)東紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“關(guan)中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”和“關(guan)西(xi)(xi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”三支。據說陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)境(jing)內(nei)不少拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)術派列，大都是在“關(guan)中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”的基礎上演變的。“關(guan)中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”以(yi)“小紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“大紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“二路紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”“太祖(zu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”、“粉紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)拳(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”“六趟”、“六架勢”“炮錘(chui)”、“四八(ba)錘(chui)”、為(wei)中心習練者(zhe)最為(wei)廣泛。

創始人

紅拳套(tao)路的(de)形(xing)成應(ying)(ying)在唐末(mo)宋(song)初(chu)。據陜西紅拳師承世(shi)代相傳得名于(yu)(yu)陜西西岳華山(shan)。據傳，陳(chen)摶(tuan)（陳(chen)摶(tuan)歷史上確有(you)其人，生于(yu)(yu)唐末(mo)。原籍亳州真源今安(an)徽亳縣境內，入(ru)長(chang)安(an)考進士落(luo)榜，“五代”時隱居華山(shan)修道。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)世(shi)宗曾請(qing)他做官(guan)而固辭不授(shou)(shou)。北宋(song)太(tai)宗時賜號“希夷先生”，他所著的(de)《無(wu)極圖》現(xian)還刻于(yu)(yu)華山(shan)石壁(bi)。陳(chen)摶(tuan)為(wei)道家(jia)崇(chong)敬，專稱為(wei)“陳(chen)摶(tuan)老(lao)祖”）應(ying)(ying)舉失意，心(xin)灰意冷(leng)便(bian)入(ru)華山(shan)隱居修道起來(lai)。一(yi)日他碰到了(le)一(yi)位(wei)入(ru)山(shan)砍柴(chai)的(de)老(lao)樵夫(fu)(fu)，見年紀有(you)七十多歲了(le)，但(dan)身體強(qiang)健(jian)，走路快捷。陳(chen)摶(tuan)上前行禮，詢問(wen)此(ci)地風(feng)俗情況(kuang)，老(lao)樵夫(fu)(fu)簡略告知(zhi)。以后(hou)(hou)又(you)經常碰面，兩人也(ye)就熟悉(xi)了(le)。有(you)一(yi)天(tian)碰面后(hou)(hou)老(lao)樵夫(fu)(fu)對陳(chen)摶(tuan)說：“深山(shan)中(zhong)常有(you)狼豹出入(ru)，看你很(hen)善(shan)良，但(dan)文弱體單，我愿(yuan)將當地先輩(bei)祖傳下的(de)一(yi)套(tao)拳術(shu)招(zhao)法傳授(shou)(shou)于(yu)(yu)你；一(yi)則防身，二則對修心(xin)養(yang)性強(qiang)身健(jian)體也(ye)很(hen)有(you)益處(chu)，你我有(you)緣，不知(zhi)你意如何(he)？” 陳(chen)摶(tuan)聽后(hou)(hou)甚喜，將老(lao)樵夫(fu)(fu)請(qing)到他隱居之處(chu)，以師禮相拜(bai)，請(qing)予傳授(shou)(shou)。老(lao)樵夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)很(hen)高興，從這天(tian)開始規定每晨(chen)向陳(chen)傳傳授(shou)(shou)拳法與練(lian)功(gong)于(yu)(yu)華山(shan)東峰上。

時間過的(de)(de)很快，陳摶學武習拳已數月有余(yu)，他已基本掌握和熟練了(le)。一(yi)(yi)天他向老樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“師父，你傳授(shou)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)拳術叫什(shen)么名稱(cheng)？”老樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu)聽后哈(ha)哈(ha)大笑的(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“先(xian)輩祖傳未說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)拳名。今先(xian)生問及，我(wo)(wo)看(kan)你要(yao)立志修道(dao)成仙(xian)，說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明已看(kan)破了(le)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)塵(chen)(chen)，但老夫(fu)(fu)乃(nai)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)凡夫(fu)(fu)俗子，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)塵(chen)(chen)中一(yi)(yi)介百姓，也不想修道(dao)成仙(xian)，我(wo)(wo)給你教的(de)(de)拳路招法(fa)，實(shi)際上在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們當地就流行著。你問的(de)(de)好，此拳應(ying)叫何名？我(wo)(wo)看(kan)，既是(shi)人間紅(hong)(hong)(hong)塵(chen)(chen)中的(de)(de)拳法(fa)就叫‘紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳’吧！”民間還傳為宋(song)代把(ba)套(tao)路稱(cheng)為“使(shi)拳”，把(ba)棍術套(tao)路稱(cheng)為“使(shi)棒(bang)”，陜西方言稱(cheng)“耍(shua)拳，耍(shua)棍”，由(you)于關中拳在(zai)當時耍(shua)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)火，后被稱(cheng)為紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)拳也有艷美、吉祥之意。