芒果视频下载

基本介紹

前胡是傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)科(ke)，前胡屬多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)草本植物(wu)，高可達1米(mi)。根頸粗壯，徑灰(hui)褐(he)色(se)(se)，根圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，莖圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，基生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)具長柄，葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)輪(lun)廓寬卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或三(san)(san)角狀卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，三(san)(san)出式二至三(san)(san)回分(fen)裂，先端(duan)漸尖，基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊緣圓鋸齒(chi)，兩面無毛，葉(xie)(xie)鞘稍(shao)寬，邊緣膜質(zhi)，復傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)多(duo)數，頂生(sheng)(sheng)或側(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)，傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)，總苞片(pian)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；傘輻(fu)不等(deng)長，小傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)(hua)；花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，白(bai)色(se)(se)；花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)短，彎(wan)曲(qu)，圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。果(guo)實卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，棕色(se)(se)，8-9月(yue)開花(hua)(hua)，10-11月(yue)結(jie)果(guo)。

地域產地

淳(chun)安(an)白花前胡（Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn）農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)：地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經118°20′—119°20′、北緯29°11′—30°02′之間。生產(chan)地(di)域(yu)范圍(wei)為(wei)：浙江省(sheng)淳(chun)安(an)縣所(suo)屬(shu)的千島湖(hu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、文昌鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石林鎮(zhen)(zhen)、富文鄉(xiang)(xiang)、左口(kou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、里商鄉(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)、臨(lin)岐(qi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、屏門鄉(xiang)(xiang)、瑤(yao)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、威(wei)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鳩坑(keng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、王阜鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宋(song)村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、姜家鎮(zhen)(zhen)、梓桐(tong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、浪川鄉(xiang)(xiang)、界首(shou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、汾口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、中洲(zhou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大墅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、楓(feng)樹嶺(ling)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、安(an)陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)425個行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun)。現有種植面積(ji)(ji)800公頃，年產(chan)量1500余噸。除了(le)我縣水域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)和城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)中心(xin)面積(ji)(ji)，合(he)計保(bao)護區域(yu)27000公頃。

地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌：淳安縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處天目山(shan)(shan)余脈，屬(shu)浙西丘陵山(shan)(shan)區，由中低山(shan)(shan)、丘陵、小型盆地(di)(di)(di)、谷地(di)(di)(di)和千島湖組成(cheng)，俗稱“八山(shan)(shan)半田分半水”，森林覆蓋率達87.5%。地(di)(di)(di)勢西北高(gao)、東南低，西北部海拔(ba)多在600～1000m，東部海拔(ba)多在600m左右。北部主峰千畝田，海拔(ba)高(gao)1436m，南部磨心尖，海拔(ba)1523m。

氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征(zheng)：縣(xian)境位于中亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)北緣(yuan)，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和濕潤，雨量(liang)充(chong)沛，四季分明，光照充(chong)足。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫17℃，年平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)1430mm，無霜期263天。受千島湖影響，形成庫區(qu)小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，與同緯度的(de)(de)其他地(di)區(qu)比，顯(xian)得冬暖夏(xia)涼。土(tu)壤情況：全(quan)縣(xian)石灰巖土(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)近80萬畝，廣(guang)泛分布于全(quan)縣(xian)各地(di)，約占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)山(shan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)1/7，占(zhan)全(quan)省灰巖土(tu)壤總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)29.4%，pH值多為6.8-7.4，礫石含(han)量(liang)較高，有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)2.5%以上，土(tu)壤肥力較好，尤其是山(shan)麓山(shan)岙土(tu)層較深厚，適宜白花前胡等作(zuo)物的(de)(de)生長(chang)。

水文(wen)情況(kuang)：淳安縣境內各河(he)流統屬錢塘江水系，有新安江、武強(qiang)溪、富(fu)強(qiang)溪、進賢(xian)溪、楓林(lin)港和(he)云(yun)源港等(deng)20余條，均匯集于千島(dao)湖(hu)。保護區內地表水達國家Ⅰ類水質標準。

品質特點

白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡外觀與氣(qi)滋(zi)味(wei)：與呈不規(gui)則的圓柱形(xing)、圓錐形(xing)或(huo)紡錘形(xing)，稍扭曲，頭大，粗壯，頭部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)細密橫紋，長3-15cm，直徑1-2cm，下部(bu)(bu)常(chang)有(you)(you)分枝；表面(mian)黑褐色或(huo)灰黃(huang)(huang)色，有(you)(you)突起(qi)皮孔，質較柔(rou)軟(ruan)，斷面(mian)不整齊(qi)，皮部(bu)(bu)白(bai)色，散有(you)(you)多(duo)數棕黃(huang)(huang)色油點，髓部(bu)(bu)奶黃(huang)(huang)色；氣(qi)芳香，味(wei)微苦、辛。理(li)化指標：白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡甲素≥1.0%，白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡乙素≥0.24%，含水量(liang)(liang)(liang)≤12.0%。質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全規(gui)定：淳安白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全符合國家有(you)(you)關質量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全規(gui)定。

生產情況

白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)(ze)坡(po)度(du)20度(du)～30度(du)、海拔(ba)100米-1000米，且土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、有機質(zhi)含量高(gao)的(de)(de)向陽(yang)砂壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)坡(po)地(di)(di)生(sheng)產,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤pH應(ying)(ying)為6.5-8.0，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)(ze)疏林下套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)：須選擇(ze)(ze)當(dang)地(di)(di)白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)，于(yu)霜(shuang)(shuang)降后采(cai)(cai)集(ji)健壯(zhuang)、無病(bing)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成熟果序，曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)擦打(da)，使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子脫(tuo)出，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雜質(zhi)。關鍵技(ji)術：按照DB330127/T045—2008《無公害(hai)前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)生(sheng)產技(ji)術規程》操作，為保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)其品質(zhi)特色和(he)前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)質(zhi)量安全，基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)選擇(ze)(ze)：按產地(di)(di)要求選擇(ze)(ze)海拔(ba)100米-1000米、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、有機質(zhi)含量高(gao)、排水(shui)良(liang)好向陽(yang)坡(po)地(di)(di)，以石灰巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為宜(yi)(yi)(yi)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)疏林下套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間以每年11月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)～翌年1月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)冬播為宜(yi)(yi)(yi)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)2月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)～3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)春播。連(lian)片(pian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)條播播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每667m2用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg～2kg。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)整(zheng)地(di)(di)作畦，施(shi)入基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)，在(zai)整(zheng)好地(di)(di)的(de)(de)畦面上(shang)按規格以30cm～40cm的(de)(de)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)開播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)2cm～3cm，溝(gou)(gou)底平(ping)坦(tan)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)碎(sui)，然后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)撒(sa)(sa)在(zai)溝(gou)(gou)內，覆蓋3cm細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，稍壓(ya)實，澆(jiao)水(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)濕。可(ke)(ke)于(yu)疏林及(ji)其它(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材地(di)(di)帶(dai)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)撒(sa)(sa)播，將前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)撒(sa)(sa)播在(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，然后用(yong)(yong)竹枝或(huo)掃帚輕(qing)輕(qing)拂(fu)動(dong)，每667m2用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量可(ke)(ke)為平(ping)地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)1/2-1/3。生(sheng)長管理：苗期應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤濕潤(run)，遇(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)澆(jiao)水(shui)，澆(jiao)水(shui)時(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)噴淋方式(shi)。幼苗長至3cm～5cm高(gao)時(shi)(shi)，進行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)，并拔(ba)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)過密(mi)和(he)過細(xi)苗，按株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)(ju)4cm左右定苗(密(mi)度(du)約(yue)45000～50000株(zhu)(zhu)/667m2)；6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)～７月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進行(xing)第二次中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)，淺(qian)鋤。施(shi)肥(fei)以基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)為主(zhu)，增施(shi)有機肥(fei)。夏秋季(ji)久(jiu)旱時(shi)(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)清晨或(huo)傍晚進行(xing)澆(jiao)水(shui)；梅雨季(ji)節要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)排水(shui)防漬(zi)。6月(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)間，對產生(sheng)花莖的(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)，可(ke)(ke)結合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防治：根(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)發生(sheng)規律和(he)預(yu)報，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)加(jia)強管理、培育壯(zhuang)苗、提高(gao)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)抗逆性(xing)、及(ji)時(shi)(shi)清理田(tian)間雜草(cao)和(he)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)理、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)等農業、物(wu)理和(he)生(sheng)物(wu)等綠(lv)色防治方式(shi)進行(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)綜(zong)合防治。采(cai)(cai)收與初加(jia)工：于(yu)霜(shuang)(shuang)降后植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)枯萎時(shi)(shi)至第二年春分(fen)前(qian)(qian)采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)收時(shi)(shi)全株(zhu)(zhu)挖起，抖去(qu)泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)葉莖，曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)或(huo)低溫(wen)烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)。制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，須根(gen)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)而主(zhu)根(gen)未(wei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)去(qu)須根(gen)后再干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)至全干(gan)(gan)(gan)。加(jia)工后的(de)(de)成品前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)藥(yao)材宜(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)凈麻(布)袋裝，并置于(yu)陰涼干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)處(chu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存，貯藏環境應(ying)(ying)整(zheng)潔干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)，且應(ying)(ying)定期檢(jian)查，發現(xian)吸潮、返軟時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)晾(liang)曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)處(chu)理。