芒果视频下载

基本介紹

前(qian)胡是傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)科，前(qian)胡屬多(duo)年生(sheng)草(cao)本植物，高可達1米。根頸粗壯，徑灰褐色(se)(se)，根圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，莖圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，基生(sheng)葉(xie)具(ju)長柄，葉(xie)片輪廓(kuo)寬(kuan)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三(san)角(jiao)狀卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，三(san)出式二至(zhi)(zhi)三(san)回分裂，先端漸尖，基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)緣(yuan)圓鋸齒，兩面無毛，葉(xie)鞘稍寬(kuan)，邊(bian)緣(yuan)膜質(zhi)，復(fu)傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序多(duo)數，頂生(sheng)或(huo)側(ce)生(sheng)，傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序，總苞(bao)片線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；傘(san)(san)(san)輻不(bu)等長，小傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序有花(hua)；花(hua)瓣卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，白色(se)(se)；花(hua)柱(zhu)短，彎(wan)曲，圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。果實卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，棕色(se)(se)，8-9月(yue)開花(hua)，10-11月(yue)結果。

地域產地

淳安(an)白花(hua)前(qian)胡（Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn）農產(chan)品(pin)地理標志地理坐標為：地理坐標為東經118°20′—119°20′、北緯29°11′—30°02′之間。生(sheng)產(chan)地域范圍(wei)為：浙江(jiang)省淳安(an)縣所屬的千島(dao)湖鎮(zhen)、文昌鎮(zhen)、石林鎮(zhen)、富(fu)文鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、左口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、里商鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、臨岐鎮(zhen)、屏門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、瑤(yao)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、威坪鎮(zhen)、鳩坑(keng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王阜鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宋(song)村鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、姜家(jia)鎮(zhen)、梓(zi)桐鎮(zhen)、浪川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、界首鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、汾口鎮(zhen)、中(zhong)洲鎮(zhen)、大墅鎮(zhen)、楓樹(shu)嶺鎮(zhen)、安(an)陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)23個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)425個(ge)行政(zheng)村。現有(you)種植面積800公頃，年產(chan)量1500余噸。除了我縣水域面積和城鎮(zhen)中(zhong)心面積，合計保護區域27000公頃。

地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)：淳安縣地(di)(di)處天目山(shan)余脈，屬浙(zhe)西(xi)(xi)(xi)丘陵山(shan)區，由(you)中低山(shan)、丘陵、小(xiao)型盆地(di)(di)、谷(gu)地(di)(di)和千(qian)島湖(hu)組成(cheng)，俗稱“八山(shan)半(ban)(ban)田分半(ban)(ban)水”，森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)達87.5%。地(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)高(gao)、東南(nan)低，西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)海(hai)(hai)拔多在600～1000m，東部(bu)海(hai)(hai)拔多在600m左右。北(bei)部(bu)主(zhu)峰千(qian)畝田，海(hai)(hai)拔高(gao)1436m，南(nan)部(bu)磨心(xin)尖，海(hai)(hai)拔1523m。

氣(qi)候(hou)特征：縣(xian)境(jing)位(wei)于中亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候(hou)區北緣，氣(qi)候(hou)溫和濕潤，雨量充沛(pei)，四季分明，光照充足。年平均氣(qi)溫17℃，年平均降(jiang)水量1430mm，無霜期263天。受千(qian)島(dao)湖影響，形成庫區小氣(qi)候(hou)，與同(tong)緯度的(de)其(qi)他地區比，顯(xian)得(de)冬暖夏涼(liang)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)情(qing)況：全(quan)縣(xian)石灰(hui)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)積近(jin)80萬畝，廣泛分布于全(quan)縣(xian)各地，約占全(quan)縣(xian)山地面(mian)積的(de)1/7，占全(quan)省(sheng)灰(hui)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面(mian)積的(de)29.4%，pH值多(duo)為6.8-7.4，礫石含量較(jiao)(jiao)高，有機質含量2.5%以上，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力較(jiao)(jiao)好，尤其(qi)是山麓(lu)山岙土(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)(jiao)深厚，適宜白花前胡等作物(wu)的(de)生長(chang)。

水文情況：淳(chun)安(an)(an)縣境內各河流統屬錢塘江水系，有新安(an)(an)江、武強(qiang)(qiang)溪、富強(qiang)(qiang)溪、進賢溪、楓林港(gang)和云源(yuan)港(gang)等20余條(tiao)，均匯集于千(qian)島(dao)湖。保護(hu)區內地表(biao)水達國家Ⅰ類水質標準。

品質特點

白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡外觀與(yu)氣滋(zi)味(wei)：與(yu)呈不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)、圓(yuan)錐形(xing)或紡錘形(xing)，稍扭曲，頭大，粗壯，頭部(bu)(bu)有(you)細密橫紋，長3-15cm，直徑1-2cm，下部(bu)(bu)常有(you)分枝；表(biao)面黑褐色(se)或灰黃色(se)，有(you)突起(qi)皮(pi)孔，質較柔軟，斷面不(bu)(bu)整齊(qi)，皮(pi)部(bu)(bu)白(bai)色(se)，散有(you)多(duo)數棕黃色(se)油點，髓部(bu)(bu)奶黃色(se)；氣芳(fang)香(xiang)，味(wei)微苦、辛。理(li)化指標(biao)：白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡甲素≥1.0%，白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡乙素≥0.24%，含水(shui)量≤12.0%。質量安(an)全規定：淳安(an)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡質量安(an)全符(fu)合國家有(you)關質量安(an)全規定。

生產情況

白花前(qian)胡(hu)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)宜(yi)(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)坡度(du)(du)20度(du)(du)～30度(du)(du)、海(hai)拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi)，且土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松(song)、有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量高的(de)向(xiang)陽砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產(chan),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH應為(wei)6.5-8.0，也可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)疏(shu)林下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)：須(xu)(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)白花前(qian)胡(hu)，于霜降(jiang)后(hou)采集健壯、無病(bing)(bing)的(de)野生(sheng)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植成熟果(guo)序，曬干(gan)擦打(da)，使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子脫出，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。關鍵技術：按(an)照DB330127/T045—2008《無公害(hai)前(qian)胡(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》操(cao)作，為(wei)保證其品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特色和前(qian)胡(hu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)，基地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)：按(an)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)求選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)海(hai)拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi)、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松(song)、有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量高、排(pai)水良好向(xiang)陽坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)石(shi)灰巖土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)，也可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)疏(shu)林下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。前(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)以(yi)每年11月(yue)上旬(xun)～翌(yi)年1月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)冬(dong)播(bo)為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)，也可(ke)(ke)在(zai)2月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)～3月(yue)上旬(xun)春(chun)播(bo)。連片(pian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植一(yi)般采用條播(bo)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每667m2用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg～2kg。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)宜(yi)(yi)整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)作畦，施入基肥(fei)，在(zai)整(zheng)好地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)畦面上按(an)規格以(yi)30cm～40cm的(de)行(xing)距(ju)開播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝(gou)，溝(gou)深2cm～3cm，溝(gou)底平坦，土(tu)(tu)細碎，然(ran)后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均勻(yun)撒在(zai)溝(gou)內，覆蓋3cm細土(tu)(tu)，稍壓實(shi)，澆(jiao)水保濕。可(ke)(ke)于疏(shu)林及(ji)其它中(zhong)藥材地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般采用撒播(bo)，將前(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均勻(yun)撒播(bo)在(zai)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)，然(ran)后(hou)用竹枝或(huo)掃帚輕輕拂(fu)動，每667m2用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量可(ke)(ke)為(wei)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)1/2-1/3。生(sheng)長管(guan)理(li)：苗期(qi)應保持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕潤(run)，遇干(gan)旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)應澆(jiao)水，澆(jiao)水時(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)用噴(pen)淋方(fang)式(shi)。幼苗長至(zhi)(zhi)3cm～5cm高時(shi)(shi)(shi)，進(jin)行(xing)中(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)草，并拔(ba)除(chu)(chu)(chu)過密和過細苗，按(an)株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)4cm左右定(ding)苗(密度(du)(du)約(yue)45000～50000株(zhu)(zhu)/667m2)；6月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)～７月(yue)上旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)第二(er)次中(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)草，淺鋤。施肥(fei)以(yi)基肥(fei)為(wei)主，增施有機(ji)肥(fei)。夏(xia)秋季(ji)久旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)清晨(chen)或(huo)傍晚進(jin)行(xing)澆(jiao)水；梅雨季(ji)節要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)水防(fang)漬。6月(yue)～7月(yue)間(jian)，對產(chan)生(sheng)花莖的(de)植株(zhu)(zhu)，可(ke)(ke)結(jie)合中(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)草去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)。病(bing)(bing)蟲防(fang)治(zhi)：根據(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)規律(lv)和預報，采用加強管(guan)理(li)、培育壯苗、提(ti)高植株(zhu)(zhu)抗(kang)逆性、及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清理(li)田間(jian)雜(za)草和病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)集中(zhong)處理(li)、殺蟲燈(deng)等(deng)農業、物理(li)和生(sheng)物等(deng)綠(lv)色防(fang)治(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)綜(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)。采收(shou)與初加工：于霜降(jiang)后(hou)植株(zhu)(zhu)枯萎時(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)第二(er)年春(chun)分前(qian)采收(shou)。采收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)株(zhu)(zhu)挖起，抖(dou)去(qu)泥土(tu)(tu)，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)葉(xie)莖，曬干(gan)或(huo)低溫烘干(gan)。制(zhi)干(gan)中(zhong)，須(xu)(xu)根干(gan)燥而主根未(wei)干(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)去(qu)須(xu)(xu)根后(hou)再干(gan)燥至(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)干(gan)。加工后(hou)的(de)成品(pin)前(qian)胡(hu)藥材宜(yi)(yi)用凈麻(布)袋裝(zhuang)，并置于陰涼干(gan)燥處保存(cun)，貯藏環境(jing)應整(zheng)潔干(gan)燥，且應定(ding)期(qi)檢查，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)吸潮、返軟時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)晾曬干(gan)燥處理(li)。