芒果视频下载

基本介紹

前胡是傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)科，前胡屬多(duo)年生(sheng)草本植物，高可達(da)1米。根(gen)頸(jing)粗壯(zhuang)，徑灰(hui)褐色，根(gen)圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，莖圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)，基生(sheng)葉具長柄，葉片輪廓寬卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)或三(san)角(jiao)狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，三(san)出式二至(zhi)三(san)回分裂，先端漸尖，基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊緣(yuan)圓(yuan)鋸齒，兩(liang)面無毛，葉鞘稍(shao)寬，邊緣(yuan)膜質，復(fu)傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序(xu)多(duo)數(shu)，頂生(sheng)或側生(sheng)，傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序(xu)，總苞(bao)片線形(xing)(xing)(xing)；傘(san)(san)(san)輻不等長，小傘(san)(san)(san)形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)；花(hua)瓣卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，白(bai)色；花(hua)柱短，彎曲，圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。果實卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，棕色，8-9月開(kai)花(hua)，10-11月結果。

地域產地

淳安白(bai)花前(qian)胡（Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn）農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志地理坐標(biao)為：地理坐標(biao)為東經118°20′—119°20′、北緯29°11′—30°02′之間。生(sheng)產(chan)地域范圍為：浙江省淳安縣(xian)所屬的千島湖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、文昌鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)林鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、富文鄉(xiang)、左口(kou)鄉(xiang)、里商鄉(xiang)、金(jin)峰鄉(xiang)、臨岐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、屏門鄉(xiang)、瑤山鄉(xiang)、威坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鳩坑(keng)鄉(xiang)、王阜鄉(xiang)、宋村鄉(xiang)、姜(jiang)家鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、梓桐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、浪川(chuan)鄉(xiang)、界首鄉(xiang)、汾口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、中洲鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大墅(shu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楓樹嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、安陽鄉(xiang)23個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)425個行(xing)政村。現有種植面積(ji)(ji)800公頃，年產(chan)量1500余(yu)噸。除了(le)我(wo)縣(xian)水(shui)域面積(ji)(ji)和城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中心面積(ji)(ji)，合計保護區(qu)域27000公頃。

地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌：淳(chun)安(an)縣地(di)(di)處天目山余脈，屬浙西丘陵(ling)山區，由中(zhong)低山、丘陵(ling)、小型(xing)盆地(di)(di)、谷地(di)(di)和千(qian)(qian)島(dao)湖組成，俗(su)稱“八(ba)山半田分(fen)半水(shui)”，森林覆蓋率(lv)達87.5%。地(di)(di)勢西北(bei)高、東南(nan)低，西北(bei)部海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)多在600～1000m，東部海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)多在600m左(zuo)右(you)。北(bei)部主峰(feng)千(qian)(qian)畝(mu)田，海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高1436m，南(nan)部磨心尖，海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1523m。

氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征：縣(xian)(xian)境位(wei)于中亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)北緣，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和濕(shi)潤(run)，雨量充沛，四季分(fen)明，光照充足。年平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫17℃，年平均降(jiang)水量1430mm，無霜期263天。受千島湖影響，形(xing)成(cheng)庫區(qu)小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，與同緯度的(de)其他地區(qu)比，顯得冬(dong)暖夏涼。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)情況：全縣(xian)(xian)石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)積近80萬畝，廣泛分(fen)布(bu)于全縣(xian)(xian)各地，約占全縣(xian)(xian)山(shan)地面(mian)積的(de)1/7，占全省(sheng)灰(hui)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)29.4%，pH值(zhi)多(duo)為6.8-7.4，礫石(shi)含量較(jiao)高，有(you)機質含量2.5%以上，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥力較(jiao)好，尤其是(shi)山(shan)麓(lu)山(shan)岙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)深厚，適宜白花前胡等作物的(de)生長。

水(shui)文情況：淳安(an)縣境內各河流統屬錢塘江水(shui)系，有新(xin)安(an)江、武強(qiang)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、富強(qiang)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、進賢溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、楓林港和云源港等20余條，均(jun)匯集于千島(dao)湖。保護區內地表水(shui)達(da)國家Ⅰ類水(shui)質標準。

品質特點

白花前胡(hu)外(wai)觀(guan)與氣滋味：與呈(cheng)不規(gui)則的圓柱形(xing)、圓錐形(xing)或紡錘形(xing)，稍(shao)扭曲，頭大，粗壯，頭部(bu)有(you)(you)細密橫(heng)紋，長3-15cm，直徑1-2cm，下(xia)部(bu)常有(you)(you)分枝；表面(mian)黑褐色(se)(se)或灰黃色(se)(se)，有(you)(you)突起皮(pi)孔，質較柔軟，斷面(mian)不整齊，皮(pi)部(bu)白色(se)(se)，散有(you)(you)多數(shu)棕黃色(se)(se)油點，髓(sui)部(bu)奶黃色(se)(se)；氣芳香，味微苦、辛。理化指(zhi)標：白花前胡(hu)甲素(su)≥1.0%，白花前胡(hu)乙素(su)≥0.24%，含水量(liang)≤12.0%。質量(liang)安全規(gui)定：淳安白花前胡(hu)質量(liang)安全符合國家有(you)(you)關質量(liang)安全規(gui)定。

生產情況

白(bai)(bai)花前(qian)胡(hu)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)宜選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)坡度(du)20度(du)～30度(du)、海拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi)，且土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)高的(de)向(xiang)陽砂(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤pH應(ying)(ying)(ying)為6.5-8.0，也可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)疏林下(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)：須(xu)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)白(bai)(bai)花前(qian)胡(hu)，于(yu)霜降后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)集健壯、無病的(de)野生(sheng)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成(cheng)熟(shu)果序，曬干(gan)(gan)擦打，使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫(tuo)出，去(qu)除(chu)雜(za)(za)質(zhi)。關鍵(jian)技術(shu)：按(an)(an)照(zhao)DB330127/T045—2008《無公害前(qian)胡(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)》操(cao)作，為保(bao)證其品質(zhi)特(te)色和(he)(he)前(qian)胡(hu)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)，基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)：按(an)(an)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)海拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)高、排水(shui)(shui)良好(hao)向(xiang)陽坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)石灰巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為宜，也可(ke)(ke)選擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)疏林下(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。前(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)每年11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～翌年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)冬播(bo)為宜，也可(ke)(ke)在(zai)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)春播(bo)。連片種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一般采(cai)用(yong)條播(bo)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每667m2用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg～2kg。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)宜整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)作畦(qi)，施(shi)入基肥(fei)(fei)，在(zai)整(zheng)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)畦(qi)面上(shang)按(an)(an)規(gui)格以(yi)30cm～40cm的(de)行(xing)距開播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝，溝深2cm～3cm，溝底平坦，土(tu)(tu)(tu)細(xi)碎，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)均勻撒(sa)在(zai)溝內，覆蓋(gai)3cm細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，稍壓實(shi)，澆水(shui)(shui)保(bao)濕(shi)。可(ke)(ke)于(yu)疏林及(ji)(ji)其它(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)藥材地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般采(cai)用(yong)撒(sa)播(bo)，將前(qian)胡(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)均勻撒(sa)播(bo)在(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)竹枝或(huo)掃帚輕輕拂動，每667m2用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)可(ke)(ke)為平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)1/2-1/3。生(sheng)長(chang)管理：苗(miao)期應(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤濕(shi)潤，遇(yu)干(gan)(gan)旱時(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)澆水(shui)(shui)，澆水(shui)(shui)時(shi)宜用(yong)噴(pen)淋方(fang)式。幼苗(miao)長(chang)至(zhi)3cm～5cm高時(shi)，進(jin)行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)草(cao)，并拔(ba)除(chu)過密(mi)和(he)(he)過細(xi)苗(miao)，按(an)(an)株(zhu)距4cm左(zuo)右定苗(miao)(密(mi)度(du)約45000～50000株(zhu)/667m2)；6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～７月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)第(di)二(er)次中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)草(cao)，淺鋤(chu)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)基肥(fei)(fei)為主，增施(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)。夏秋季久旱時(shi)，宜在(zai)清(qing)(qing)晨或(huo)傍晚(wan)進(jin)行(xing)澆水(shui)(shui)；梅雨季節要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)漬。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)，對產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)花莖的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)，可(ke)(ke)結合中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)草(cao)去(qu)除(chu)。病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)治：根(gen)據病蟲(chong)(chong)害發生(sheng)規(gui)律和(he)(he)預(yu)報(bao)，采(cai)用(yong)加強管理、培育(yu)壯苗(miao)、提(ti)高植(zhi)株(zhu)抗逆性、及(ji)(ji)時(shi)清(qing)(qing)理田(tian)間(jian)雜(za)(za)草(cao)和(he)(he)病株(zhu)集中(zhong)(zhong)處理、殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈等農(nong)業(ye)、物理和(he)(he)生(sheng)物等綠(lv)色防(fang)治方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)病蟲(chong)(chong)害綜合防(fang)治。采(cai)收與初加工：于(yu)霜降后(hou)(hou)(hou)植(zhi)株(zhu)枯萎時(shi)至(zhi)第(di)二(er)年春分(fen)前(qian)采(cai)收。采(cai)收時(shi)全(quan)株(zhu)挖(wa)起，抖去(qu)泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)，去(qu)除(chu)葉莖，曬干(gan)(gan)或(huo)低溫烘干(gan)(gan)。制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)，須(xu)根(gen)干(gan)(gan)燥而主根(gen)未干(gan)(gan)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)除(chu)去(qu)須(xu)根(gen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再干(gan)(gan)燥至(zhi)全(quan)干(gan)(gan)。加工后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)成(cheng)品前(qian)胡(hu)藥材宜用(yong)凈(jing)麻(布)袋裝，并置(zhi)于(yu)陰涼(liang)干(gan)(gan)燥處保(bao)存，貯藏環境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)整(zheng)潔干(gan)(gan)燥，且應(ying)(ying)(ying)定期檢查，發現(xian)吸潮、返(fan)軟時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)晾曬干(gan)(gan)燥處理。