鄱陽大米外觀晶(jing)瑩剔透,具有(you)光(guang)澤,米粒長柱形(xing);米飯潔白香醇、爽滑、有(you)嚼勁,適口性(xing)好,冷卻(que)后不回生。
鄱(po)陽大米保護區域地(di)處鄱(po)陽湖平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原,土壤以水(shui)稻土、潮(chao)土、草甸(dian)土為(wei)主,富(fu)含有機質,養分充足(zu);土壤土層深(shen)厚(hou),蓄水(shui)能力強,pH值(zhi)5.8-6.5之(zhi)間(jian),耕性良好(hao)。鄱(po)陽大米保護區域屬典型的(de)(de)中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候區,四(si)季(ji)分明,熱量(liang)(liang)豐富(fu),雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,水(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照數2098h,太陽輻射數為(wei)115千(qian)卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫17.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)1620mm,全年(nian)無霜期275d,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均相對濕度(du)(du)77%。9月平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均溫度(du)(du)25.6℃,晝夜溫差達10℃,雨量(liang)(liang)中等,有利于一季(ji)稻的(de)(de)灌漿結實,促進稻米香味(wei)物(wu)質含量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)提(ti)高和(he)減少稻米堊白(bai)的(de)(de)形成。獨特的(de)(de)自然生(sheng)態條件十分適宜優質水(shui)稻的(de)(de)生(sheng)長。
鄱陽(yang)大米保護區域位于江西省鄱陽(yang)縣,包括(kuo)謝家灘(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)門街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、油(you)墩街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、田畈街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、金盤嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、凰崗鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙港鎮(zhen)(zhen)、古縣渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、饒豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)、樂豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)、響水灘(tan)鄉(xiang)、枧田街(jie)鄉(xiang)、柘港鄉(xiang)、鴉鵲湖(hu)鄉(xiang)、游(you)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)、三廟(miao)前鄉(xiang)、蓮湖(hu)鄉(xiang)、蘆田鄉(xiang)18個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)401個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun);保護范圍位于東經116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北(bei)緯28°48′30″-29°36′35″之(zhi)間。保護規模為(wei)66000公頃(qing),年產量514000噸(dun)。
(1)外在感觀(guan)特征(zheng):鄱陽大(da)米外觀(guan)晶瑩剔(ti)透,具有光(guang)澤,米粒長柱形;米飯潔白香醇、爽(shuang)滑、有嚼勁,適口性好,冷(leng)卻后不回(hui)生。(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標(biao):堊白粒率≤10%,直(zhi)鏈淀粉含量(liang)15%-22%,膠稠度≥80mm,粒型長寬比3.0-4.0,蛋白質含量(liang)≥6%。(3)質量(liang)安全要求(qiu):鄱陽大(da)米符合(he)NY/T419《綠色食品(pin) 稻米》標(biao)準(zhun)。
(1)產(chan)地(di)要求:選擇(ze)鄱陽湖平原(yuan)區土層深厚、地(di)勢平坦、排(pai)灌方便(bian)、集中連(lian)片的稻(dao)田進行種植,土壤pH以6.0-6.5為佳。
(2)品(pin)種(zhong)選擇:選用黃華占、贛晚秈38號作為主要種(zhong)植品(pin)種(zhong)。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理(li):①生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程安排(pai)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li):為了保(bao)證(zheng)大米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)品(pin)質(zhi),鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作為中稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,根(gen)據鄱(po)陽(yang)湖區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候特點,每(mei)(mei)(mei)年安排(pai)在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)5月(yue)上旬(xun)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚(yang)(yang)花(hua),9月(yue)灌(guan)漿結(jie)實,10月(yue)上旬(xun)收(shou)獲,全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)160-165d。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前做好(hao)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)工作,并選用(yong)(yong)(yong)咪鮮胺等(deng)(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒,嚴防(fang)(fang)(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳病害。②播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)栽(zai)培密度控制:為了保(bao)證(zheng)獲得較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)產量(liang)(liang)和(he)減少施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)從而促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)稻(dao)米(mi)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)大田畝(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)控制在(zai)(zai)1.5-2.0公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機插或拋秧(yang)(yang)(yang)方式(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,機插秧(yang)(yang)(yang)齡控制在(zai)(zai)25天以(yi)內,栽(zai)插規格5寸×7寸,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)插1.7-1.8萬蔸(dou)(dou),每(mei)(mei)(mei)蔸(dou)(dou)栽(zai)3-4根(gen)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)苗;拋栽(zai)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)齡控制在(zai)(zai)28d以(yi)內,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)拋足1.8-2.0萬蔸(dou)(dou),每(mei)(mei)(mei)蔸(dou)(dou)3根(gen)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)苗。③肥(fei)(fei)料運籌:一(yi)(yi)般地(di)力田塊畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)分別為12-13公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、6-7公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)12-13公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。堅(jian)持有(you)機無(wu)機肥(fei)(fei)配施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植紅花(hua)草(cao),于(yu)(yu)(yu)盛花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)耕(geng)翻還(huan)田,按照每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)每(mei)(mei)(mei)1000公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)紅花(hua)草(cao)鮮草(cao)減氮(dan)2公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)確定化肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)。其中氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)按基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):分蘗(bo)肥(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei):粒肥(fei)(fei)為4:2:2:2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)前或整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)時(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),分蘗(bo)肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)移栽(zai)后(hou)5-7d施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),粒肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齊穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)作底肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)耕(geng)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)按基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)為6:4施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理(li)做到(dao)薄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)返(fan)青(qing),濕潤(run)分蘗(bo),達到(dao)15-16萬莖蘗(bo)數/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)曬田,幼穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)分花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚(yang)(yang)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)持田間(jian)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)后(hou)干干濕濕壯籽,收(shou)獲前7天斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑤病蟲(chong)草(cao)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)控制:堅(jian)持“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主(zhu)(zhu)、綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,做好(hao)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)做好(hao)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上綜合采用(yong)(yong)(yong)香根(gen)草(cao)誘螟(ming)(ming)、性(xing)(xing)誘劑(ji)誘蟲(chong)、頻振燈(deng)(deng)(deng)殺蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)害蟲(chong)。頻振燈(deng)(deng)(deng)按每(mei)(mei)(mei)盞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)覆蓋面積(ji)15畝(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji),燈(deng)(deng)(deng)與(yu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離為100米(mi)。大田主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)搞好(hao)“三蟲(chong)三病”的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi),即:分蘗(bo)盛期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二化螟(ming)(ming),分蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming),抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)灌(guan)漿期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)飛虱(shi),破口抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)瘟病,孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)至(zhi)(zhi)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紋枯病以(yi)及稻(dao)曲病。二化螟(ming)(ming)和(he)稻(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)2%阿維菌素,或10%稻(dao)騰進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)飛虱(shi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%吡蟲(chong)啉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分散粒劑(ji)或25%吡蚜酮可濕性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)瘟病可用(yong)(yong)(yong)春雷霉素、三環唑、稻(dao)瘟靈、瘟畢克(40%稻(dao)瘟靈與(yu)異稻(dao)瘟凈乳油)等(deng)(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);紋枯病可用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)岡(gang)霉素、井(jing)(jing)(jing)·蠟芽(井(jing)(jing)(jing)岡(gang)霉素與(yu)蠟質(zhi)芽孢桿菌混劑(ji))等(deng)(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)曲病在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)前5-7d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)12.5%紋霉清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)400-500毫升,或5%井(jing)(jing)(jing)岡(gang)霉素水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)400-500毫升,對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)50公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)噴(pen)霧。⑥生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu)(lu)檔案管(guan)理(li):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)程記載,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移栽(zai)和(he)收(shou)獲時(shi)間(jian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)出苗、分蘗(bo)、分化、抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)、成熟(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程,農(nong)業投入品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)、次數、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法、收(shou)獲日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng),檔案專(zhuan)人記錄(lu)(lu)、專(zhuan)人保(bao)管(guan),記錄(lu)(lu)檔案保(bao)管(guan)3年以(yi)上。
(4)產后處理:鄱陽大(da)米收(shou)(shou)獲在穗黃、葉(xie)落、成(cheng)熟(shu)度達(da)到85%-90%時進行(xing);要求(qiu)不同品(pin)種單(dan)獨(du)收(shou)(shou)割、單(dan)獨(du)晾(liang)曬(烘(hong)干)、單(dan)獨(du)儲運(yun)、單(dan)獨(du)加工(gong)、單(dan)獨(du)包裝;嚴禁瀝青路(lu)面翻(fan)曬,盡可(ke)能(neng)使用(yong)烘(hong)干機烘(hong)干;商品(pin)糧(liang)即時售賣(mai),企業(ye)精選加工(gong);貯(zhu)藏在避光、常溫、防潮(chao)、防鼠的倉庫;實行(xing)秸稈還田。
(1)符(fu)合下列條(tiao)件的單位和個人,可以向(xiang)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書持有(you)人申請使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志:①生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)的鄱陽(yang)大(da)(da)(da)米產(chan)自登(deng)(deng)記(ji)確定的地域范(fan)圍(wei); ②已取得鄱陽(yang)大(da)(da)(da)米生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)資質;③能夠嚴(yan)格按(an)(an)照(zhao)規定的質量技術(shu)規范(fan)組織(zhi)開展生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)活動;④具有(you)鄱陽(yang)大(da)(da)(da)米地理標(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)市場開發(fa)經營(ying)能力。使(shi)用鄱陽(yang)大(da)(da)(da)米農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志,應當按(an)(an)照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)年(nian)度(du)與(yu)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書持有(you)人簽訂使(shi)用協議,在協議中載(zai)明使(shi)用數量、范(fan)圍(wei)和相(xiang)關責任義務。
(2)農產品地(di)理標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人享有以下(xia)權利:①可以在產品及(ji)包裝上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米地(di)理標(biao)志(鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注等); ②可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)登記的(de)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米地(di)理標(biao)志,進行(xing)產品宣傳(chuan)和參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及(ji)展(zhan)銷。
(3)鄱(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理標(biao)志使用(yong)人應當(dang)履行以下(xia)義務:①自覺接受登記證(zheng)書(shu)持有人的監督檢查;②保證(zheng)鄱(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理標(biao)志農產品品質和信譽; ③正確規范(fan)地(di)使用(yong)鄱(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理標(biao)志。
(4)鄱(po)陽大米地理標志生產經營(ying)者應當建立質量控制追(zhui)溯體(ti)系,農產品地理標志持有人和標志使用人對鄱(po)陽大米產品的質量和信譽負責;
(5)任何單位和個(ge)人不準偽造、冒用鄱陽大米地(di)理標(biao)志和登記證書;
(6)鼓勵單(dan)位(wei)和個人對鄱(po)陽大米地理標志進行社(she)會監督。