鄱陽大米外(wai)觀晶瑩剔透,具有(you)光澤,米粒(li)長(chang)柱形(xing);米飯潔白香醇(chun)、爽滑、有(you)嚼勁(jing),適(shi)口(kou)性好,冷(leng)卻后不回(hui)生。
鄱(po)陽(yang)大米保護(hu)區域地處鄱(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)平(ping)(ping)原,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),富(fu)含(han)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi),養(yang)分充(chong)足;土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),蓄水(shui)能(neng)力強,pH值5.8-6.5之(zhi)間,耕(geng)性良好。鄱(po)陽(yang)大米保護(hu)區域屬(shu)典型的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候區,四季(ji)分明(ming),熱(re)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),年平(ping)(ping)均日照(zhao)數2098h,太陽(yang)輻射(she)數為(wei)115千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米,平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)17.5℃,年平(ping)(ping)均降雨量(liang)1620mm,全年無霜(shuang)期(qi)275d,年平(ping)(ping)均相對濕度77%。9月平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度25.6℃,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差達10℃,雨量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)等,有(you)利于一季(ji)稻(dao)的(de)灌(guan)漿(jiang)結實,促進稻(dao)米香味(wei)物質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)的(de)提高和減少稻(dao)米堊白的(de)形成。獨(du)特的(de)自然(ran)生(sheng)態條件(jian)十(shi)分適宜優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)。
鄱(po)陽大(da)米保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)域位于江(jiang)西(xi)省鄱(po)陽縣,包括謝家灘(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石門街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、油墩街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、田畈街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、金盤嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、凰崗(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙港(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、古(gu)縣渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、饒豐(feng)(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、樂豐(feng)(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、響水灘(tan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、枧(jian)田街(jie)(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柘港(gang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鴉鵲湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、游(you)城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)廟前鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蓮(lian)湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘆田鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)18個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)401個行政(zheng)村;保(bao)護(hu)范圍位于東(dong)經116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北緯28°48′30″-29°36′35″之間。保(bao)護(hu)規模為66000公頃,年產量514000噸。
(1)外在感觀(guan)(guan)特(te)征:鄱陽大(da)米外觀(guan)(guan)晶瑩剔透,具有(you)光澤,米粒(li)(li)長(chang)柱(zhu)形;米飯潔(jie)白香醇、爽滑、有(you)嚼勁,適口性(xing)好,冷卻后不(bu)回生(sheng)。(2)內在品質指標:堊白粒(li)(li)率(lv)≤10%,直(zhi)鏈淀粉含量(liang)15%-22%,膠稠度≥80mm,粒(li)(li)型長(chang)寬比3.0-4.0,蛋白質含量(liang)≥6%。(3)質量(liang)安(an)全要求:鄱陽大(da)米符(fu)合NY/T419《綠色(se)食品 稻米》標準。
(1)產地(di)要求(qiu):選擇鄱陽湖平原區土層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、地(di)勢平坦、排灌方便、集中連片的(de)稻田(tian)進(jin)行種植,土壤pH以6.0-6.5為佳。
(2)品種選擇:選用黃華占、贛晚秈38號作為主(zhu)要(yao)種植品種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li)(li):①生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)進程(cheng)安排及(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li)(li):為(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)大(da)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好品(pin)質,鄱陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)主要作(zuo)為(wei)中稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),根(gen)據(ju)鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候特點,每年安排在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)5月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)揚花,9月(yue)(yue)灌(guan)漿結實,10月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo),全生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)160-165d。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前做好選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)工作(zuo),并選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)咪鮮胺(an)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒,嚴防(fang)(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳病(bing)(bing)害。②播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量和(he)栽(zai)(zai)培密(mi)度(du)控(kong)(kong)制:為(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)獲(huo)得較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量和(he)減少施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量從而促進稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)品(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高,鄱陽(yang)大(da)米(mi)大(da)田(tian)(tian)畝(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)1.5-2.0公斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu),采用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)插(cha)(cha)或(huo)拋秧(yang)(yang)方式(shi)進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),機(ji)(ji)(ji)插(cha)(cha)秧(yang)(yang)齡(ling)控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)25天(tian)以(yi)(yi)內,栽(zai)(zai)插(cha)(cha)規格(ge)5寸×7寸,每畝(mu)(mu)插(cha)(cha)1.7-1.8萬蔸(dou),每蔸(dou)栽(zai)(zai)3-4根(gen)秧(yang)(yang)苗;拋栽(zai)(zai)秧(yang)(yang)齡(ling)控(kong)(kong)制在(zai)(zai)28d以(yi)(yi)內,每畝(mu)(mu)拋足1.8-2.0萬蔸(dou),每蔸(dou)3根(gen)秧(yang)(yang)苗。③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料運籌:一般地(di)力田(tian)(tian)塊畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量分別(bie)為(wei)12-13公斤(jin)、6-7公斤(jin)和(he)12-13公斤(jin)。堅持(chi)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)無機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配施(shi)(shi),冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)紅花草,于(yu)盛(sheng)花期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耕(geng)翻還田(tian)(tian),按(an)照每畝(mu)(mu)每1000公斤(jin)紅花草鮮草減氮(dan)(dan)2公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例確定化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)量。其中氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按(an)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):分蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):粒(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)4:2:2:2施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)整(zheng)地(di)前或(huo)整(zheng)地(di)時(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),分蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)移栽(zai)(zai)后5-7d施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),粒(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)齊穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong);磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)底肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)整(zheng)耕(geng)時(shi)一次(ci)性施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong);鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按(an)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)6:4施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分管理(li)(li)做到薄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)返青,濕潤分蘗,達到15-16萬莖蘗數(shu)/畝(mu)(mu)時(shi)曬(shai)田(tian)(tian),幼穗(sui)(sui)分花期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)揚花期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保持(chi)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)后干(gan)干(gan)濕濕壯籽,收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)前7天(tian)斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑤病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制:堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),做好農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)做好農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)綜合(he)采用(yong)(yong)香根(gen)草誘螟、性誘劑(ji)(ji)(ji)誘蟲(chong)(chong)、頻(pin)振燈(deng)殺蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)技術措施(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害蟲(chong)(chong)。頻(pin)振燈(deng)按(an)每盞(zhan)燈(deng)覆蓋面積15畝(mu)(mu)計(ji),燈(deng)與(yu)燈(deng)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離為(wei)100米(mi)。大(da)田(tian)(tian)主要搞(gao)好“三(san)蟲(chong)(chong)三(san)病(bing)(bing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即:分蘗盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二化(hua)螟,分蘗期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟,抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)灌(guan)漿期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)飛虱(shi)(shi),破口抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing),孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)至(zhi)(zhi)抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)稻(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)。二化(hua)螟和(he)稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟可用(yong)(yong)2%阿維菌素(su)(su),或(huo)10%稻(dao)(dao)騰進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)飛虱(shi)(shi)可用(yong)(yong)70%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)啉(lin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分散粒(li)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)25%吡(bi)蚜酮可濕性粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)可用(yong)(yong)春雷霉(mei)(mei)素(su)(su)、三(san)環(huan)唑、稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈、瘟(wen)(wen)畢克(40%稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈與(yu)異(yi)稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)凈乳油)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)可用(yong)(yong)井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)素(su)(su)、井·蠟(la)芽(井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)素(su)(su)與(yu)蠟(la)質芽孢桿菌混劑(ji)(ji)(ji))等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)前5-7d,每畝(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)12.5%紋(wen)霉(mei)(mei)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,或(huo)5%井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)素(su)(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)50公斤(jin)噴霧。⑥生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄檔(dang)案管理(li)(li):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)進行(xing)全程(cheng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載,主要包括播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移栽(zai)(zai)和(he)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)出苗、分蘗、分化(hua)、抽(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)、成熟等(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)進程(cheng),農業投入(ru)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、次(ci)數(shu)、用(yong)(yong)量、使用(yong)(yong)方法、收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng),檔(dang)案專人(ren)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄、專人(ren)保管,記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄檔(dang)案保管3年以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。
(4)產后處理:鄱陽大米收獲(huo)在穗黃、葉落(luo)、成熟(shu)度達(da)到85%-90%時進行(xing);要求不同品種單(dan)獨(du)(du)收割、單(dan)獨(du)(du)晾曬(烘干(gan))、單(dan)獨(du)(du)儲運、單(dan)獨(du)(du)加(jia)工(gong)、單(dan)獨(du)(du)包裝;嚴禁瀝青路(lu)面翻曬,盡(jin)可能使用烘干(gan)機(ji)烘干(gan);商品糧(liang)即時售賣,企業(ye)精選加(jia)工(gong);貯藏在避(bi)光、常溫、防潮(chao)、防鼠(shu)的倉庫(ku);實行(xing)秸稈還田(tian)。
(1)符合下列條件的(de)單(dan)位和個人(ren),可以向登(deng)記證書(shu)持有(you)人(ren)申請使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志:①生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)鄱(po)陽大(da)米(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)自登(deng)記確定(ding)的(de)地(di)域(yu)范圍; ②已取得鄱(po)陽大(da)米(mi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)資(zi)質;③能夠嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)規定(ding)的(de)質量(liang)技術規范組織開展(zhan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)活動;④具有(you)鄱(po)陽大(da)米(mi)地(di)理標志農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品市(shi)場開發經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)能力。使(shi)用(yong)鄱(po)陽大(da)米(mi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志,應當(dang)按照(zhao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)年度(du)與登(deng)記證書(shu)持有(you)人(ren)簽訂(ding)使(shi)用(yong)協議(yi),在協議(yi)中載明(ming)使(shi)用(yong)數量(liang)、范圍和相關責任義務。
(2)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人享有以(yi)下權利:①可以(yi)在產(chan)品及(ji)包裝上使(shi)用鄱陽大(da)米地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(鄱陽大(da)米名稱和(he)公共標(biao)(biao)識圖案(an)組合(he)標(biao)(biao)注等); ②可以(yi)使(shi)用登記的鄱陽大(da)米地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),進行產(chan)品宣傳和(he)參加展覽、展示及(ji)展銷(xiao)。
(3)鄱陽(yang)大米地理(li)標志使(shi)用人(ren)應當履(lv)行以下(xia)義務:①自(zi)覺接(jie)受(shou)登記證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)的監督檢查;②保證(zheng)鄱陽(yang)大米地理(li)標志農(nong)產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)和(he)信譽; ③正確規范地使(shi)用鄱陽(yang)大米地理(li)標志。
(4)鄱陽(yang)大(da)米地(di)理標(biao)志生產經營者應當建立(li)質量控制追溯體系(xi),農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志持有(you)人(ren)和標(biao)志使用人(ren)對鄱陽(yang)大(da)米產品(pin)的質量和信(xin)譽負責;
(5)任(ren)何(he)單位和個人不準偽造、冒用鄱陽大米地理標志和登記(ji)證書;
(6)鼓(gu)勵單位和個人對(dui)鄱陽(yang)大米地理標志進行(xing)社(she)會監督。