鄱陽大米(mi)(mi)外觀(guan)晶瑩(ying)剔(ti)透,具有(you)光澤,米(mi)(mi)粒長柱形;米(mi)(mi)飯(fan)潔白香醇、爽滑、有(you)嚼勁,適口性好,冷(leng)卻后不回生(sheng)。
鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)保護區(qu)域(yu)地處鄱(po)陽(yang)湖平(ping)(ping)原,土(tu)(tu)壤以水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)為主,富含有機質(zhi),養分充足;土(tu)(tu)壤土(tu)(tu)層深厚,蓄水(shui)能力強,pH值5.8-6.5之(zhi)間(jian),耕性良好。鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)保護區(qu)域(yu)屬典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候區(qu),四(si)季分明,熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛(pei),水(shui)資(zi)源豐富,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照數(shu)(shu)2098h,太陽(yang)輻射數(shu)(shu)為115千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)(mi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1620mm,全年(nian)無霜(shuang)期275d,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度(du)77%。9月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)25.6℃,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差達(da)10℃,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)等,有利于(yu)一季稻(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)灌漿結(jie)實(shi),促(cu)進稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)香味物(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)提高和減(jian)少稻(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)堊白的(de)(de)形成。獨特(te)的(de)(de)自然生態條件十分適宜優質(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)生長。
鄱(po)陽大米(mi)保護(hu)區域(yu)位于江西省鄱(po)陽縣,包括謝家灘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)門街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、油墩(dun)街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、田畈街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金盤嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、凰崗(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙港鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、古縣渡(du)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、饒豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、樂豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、響水灘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、枧田街(jie)(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、柘港鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鴉(ya)鵲湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、游城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三廟前鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蓮湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蘆(lu)田鄉(xiang)(xiang)18個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)401個(ge)行(xing)政村;保護(hu)范圍(wei)位于東經116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北緯(wei)28°48′30″-29°36′35″之間。保護(hu)規模為66000公頃,年(nian)產量514000噸。
(1)外在感(gan)觀特征:鄱(po)陽大(da)(da)米(mi)外觀晶瑩剔透,具(ju)有(you)光澤,米(mi)粒長(chang)柱形;米(mi)飯潔白香醇、爽(shuang)滑、有(you)嚼勁,適口(kou)性(xing)好,冷卻后不回(hui)生。(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:堊白粒率≤10%,直(zhi)鏈淀(dian)粉含(han)量15%-22%,膠稠度(du)≥80mm,粒型長(chang)寬比3.0-4.0,蛋白質含(han)量≥6%。(3)質量安全要求:鄱(po)陽大(da)(da)米(mi)符合NY/T419《綠色食品(pin) 稻(dao)米(mi)》標準。
(1)產地(di)要求:選擇鄱陽湖平原區土層深厚、地(di)勢平坦、排灌方(fang)便(bian)、集中連片的稻田進(jin)行種植,土壤(rang)pH以(yi)6.0-6.5為佳。
(2)品種選擇:選用黃華占、贛晚秈38號作為主(zhu)要種植品種。
(3)生產管理(li):①生育進(jin)(jin)程安(an)排(pai)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li):為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)保(bao)證大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)(hao)品質,鄱(po)陽大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)主要(yao)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),根(gen)據(ju)鄱(po)陽湖區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)特點(dian),每年(nian)安(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月下旬至(zhi)(zhi)5月上旬播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月下旬抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花(hua)(hua)(hua),9月灌漿結實,10月上旬收獲(huo)(huo)(huo),全生育期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)160-165d。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)工作,并選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)咪鮮(xian)胺等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒,嚴防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)病害。②播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)栽(zai)培(pei)密(mi)度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)保(bao)證獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)從而促(cu)進(jin)(jin)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)米(mi)品質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao),鄱(po)陽大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)大(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1.5-2.0公(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)插(cha)或(huo)(huo)拋秧方(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),機(ji)插(cha)秧齡(ling)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)25天(tian)以(yi)內,栽(zai)插(cha)規格5寸×7寸,每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)插(cha)1.7-1.8萬(wan)蔸(dou)(dou),每蔸(dou)(dou)栽(zai)3-4根(gen)秧苗(miao);拋栽(zai)秧齡(ling)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)28d以(yi)內,每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拋足(zu)1.8-2.0萬(wan)蔸(dou)(dou),每蔸(dou)(dou)3根(gen)秧苗(miao)。③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料運籌(chou):一般地(di)力田(tian)(tian)(tian)塊畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)氮、磷、鉀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12-13公(gong)斤(jin)、6-7公(gong)斤(jin)和(he)12-13公(gong)斤(jin)。堅持有機(ji)無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配(pei)施(shi)(shi),冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草(cao),于(yu)(yu)盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耕翻還田(tian)(tian)(tian),按照每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)每1000公(gong)斤(jin)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草(cao)鮮(xian)草(cao)減(jian)(jian)氮2公(gong)斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)確定化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。其中(zhong)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):分(fen)(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):粒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4:2:2:2施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)整(zheng)地(di)前或(huo)(huo)整(zheng)地(di)時(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),分(fen)(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)移(yi)栽(zai)后5-7d施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),粒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)齊(qi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)(yu)整(zheng)耕時(shi)一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6:4施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)管理(li)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)薄(bo)水(shui)(shui)返青,濕(shi)(shi)潤分(fen)(fen)蘗,達到(dao)15-16萬(wan)莖蘗數/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)曬田(tian)(tian)(tian),幼(you)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)分(fen)(fen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)持田(tian)(tian)(tian)間淺(qian)水(shui)(shui),抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)后干干濕(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)壯籽,收獲(huo)(huo)(huo)前7天(tian)斷水(shui)(shui)。⑤病蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):堅持“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主、綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)農業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)和(he)生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)農業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上綜(zong)合(he)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)香根(gen)草(cao)誘(you)螟(ming)、性(xing)(xing)誘(you)劑(ji)(ji)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)、頻振燈(deng)(deng)殺蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)技(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)害蟲(chong)(chong)。頻振燈(deng)(deng)按每盞燈(deng)(deng)覆蓋面積(ji)15畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji),燈(deng)(deng)與燈(deng)(deng)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100米(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)主要(yao)搞好(hao)(hao)“三蟲(chong)(chong)三病”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi),即:分(fen)(fen)蘗盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)化(hua)螟(ming),分(fen)(fen)蘗期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming),抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)灌漿期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱,破口抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病,孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)至(zhi)(zhi)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紋枯病以(yi)及稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病。二(er)化(hua)螟(ming)和(he)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%阿(a)維菌素(su),或(huo)(huo)10%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)騰進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉(lin)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)散粒劑(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)25%吡蚜酮可濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)春(chun)雷霉素(su)、三環(huan)唑、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈、瘟(wen)(wen)畢克(40%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈與異稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)凈(jing)乳油)等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);紋枯病可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)岡霉素(su)、井(jing)·蠟芽(ya)(井(jing)岡霉素(su)與蠟質芽(ya)孢桿菌混劑(ji)(ji))等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)前5-7d,每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)12.5%紋霉清水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,或(huo)(huo)5%井(jing)岡霉素(su)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,對(dui)水(shui)(shui)50公(gong)斤(jin)噴霧。⑥生產記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔案管理(li):水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全程記(ji)載,主要(yao)包括播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移(yi)栽(zai)和(he)收獲(huo)(huo)(huo)時(shi)間,水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出苗(miao)、分(fen)(fen)蘗、分(fen)(fen)化(hua)、抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)、成熟等(deng)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生育進(jin)(jin)程,農業(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間、次(ci)數、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法、收獲(huo)(huo)(huo)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng),檔案專(zhuan)人記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、專(zhuan)人保(bao)管,記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔案保(bao)管3年(nian)以(yi)上。
(4)產后處理:鄱陽大米收獲在(zai)穗黃、葉(xie)落、成(cheng)熟度達到85%-90%時進行;要求(qiu)不同品種單獨收割、單獨晾曬(烘(hong)干)、單獨儲運、單獨加(jia)工、單獨包裝;嚴禁瀝(li)青路面翻(fan)曬,盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)使用(yong)烘(hong)干機烘(hong)干;商(shang)品糧即時售賣,企業精(jing)選(xuan)加(jia)工;貯藏在(zai)避光、常溫、防潮、防鼠的倉庫;實(shi)行秸(jie)稈還田。
(1)符(fu)合下列(lie)條件的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)和(he)個人(ren),可(ke)以(yi)向登(deng)記(ji)證書持有人(ren)申請使用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志:①生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)產(chan)(chan)自登(deng)記(ji)確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域范(fan)圍; ②已取得(de)鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營資質(zhi);③能(neng)夠嚴格按照規定的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)技術規范(fan)組織開(kai)展生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活動(dong);④具有鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品市場開(kai)發經(jing)(jing)營能(neng)力。使用鄱(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志,應(ying)當(dang)按照生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營年度與登(deng)記(ji)證書持有人(ren)簽訂使用協議,在(zai)協議中載明使用數量(liang)、范(fan)圍和(he)相(xiang)關責任(ren)義務。
(2)農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用人(ren)享有以下權利:①可以在產(chan)品及包裝上使(shi)用鄱陽大(da)米地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(鄱陽大(da)米名稱和(he)公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案組(zu)合標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)等); ②可以使(shi)用登記的(de)鄱陽大(da)米地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志,進(jin)行產(chan)品宣傳和(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及展(zhan)銷(xiao)。
(3)鄱(po)(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人應當履行以下義務:①自覺接受(shou)登記證(zheng)書持(chi)有(you)人的監督檢查;②保證(zheng)鄱(po)(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農產品品質和(he)信譽; ③正確規范地(di)使(shi)用(yong)鄱(po)(po)陽大米(mi)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
(4)鄱(po)陽大(da)米地理(li)標志生產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe)應當建立質量控制追(zhui)溯體系,農產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標志持有人和標志使用人對鄱(po)陽大(da)米產(chan)(chan)品的質量和信譽(yu)負責;
(5)任何單位(wei)和(he)(he)個(ge)人不(bu)準(zhun)偽造、冒用(yong)鄱陽大米(mi)地(di)理標志和(he)(he)登記證(zheng)書;
(6)鼓勵單位和個人對鄱陽大米地理標志進行社會監督。