連州溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)學名溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又名溪(xi)(xi)(xi)溝草(cao)(cao)、山(shan)(shan)羊面、臺灣延胡索和大葉蛇總管,多年(nian)生草(cao)(cao)本,根莖(jing)(jing)(jing)肥大,向下(xia)密生纖(xian)細的(de)須根,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)直立,高達1.5(2)米(mi),有細條紋,帶紫色(se),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)葉對生,卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)(luan)圓狀披針形(xing)或(huo)披針形(xing),草(cao)(cao)質(zhi),上面暗綠色(se),下(xia)面淡(dan)綠色(se),圓錐花(hua)(hua)序生于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)及(ji)分枝頂上,花(hua)(hua)冠紫色(se),長達6毫米(mi),外被短柔毛,內面無毛,花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀,成熟小堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing),花(hua)(hua)、果(guo)期(qi)8-9月(yue)。溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)產(chan)于(yu)我(wo)國黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、吉(ji)林、遼寧、山(shan)(shan)西、河(he)南、陜(shan)西、甘肅、四川、貴(gui)州、廣西、廣東、湖南、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西、安徽、浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)及(ji)臺灣,常成叢(cong)生于(yu)海拔(ba)120-1250米(mi)的(de)山(shan)(shan)坡、路旁、田邊、溪(xi)(xi)(xi)旁、河(he)岸(an)、草(cao)(cao)叢(cong)、灌叢(cong)、林下(xia)沙(sha)壤土(tu)上。全(quan)草(cao)(cao)入藥,治急性(xing)肝炎、急性(xing)膽囊炎、跌打瘀腫等癥。
形態特征
多(duo)(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)草(cao)本,根莖肥大(da)(da)(da),粗(cu)壯,有(you)時呈(cheng)疙瘩(da)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),向下(xia)(xia)密生(sheng)纖細的(de)須根。莖直立,高達(da)1.5(2)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),鈍四(si)棱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)(ju)四(si)淺槽,有(you)細條紋,帶紫色(se),基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)木質,近無毛(mao)(mao),向上(shang)密被(bei)(bei)(bei)倒(dao)向微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)。莖葉對生(sheng),卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)3.5-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端近漸尖,基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)(ju)(ju)粗(cu)大(da)(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)彎的(de)鋸齒(chi),草(cao)質,上(shang)面(mian)(mian)暗綠色(se),下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)淡(dan)綠色(se),兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)僅脈(mo).上(shang)密被(bei)(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),余部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無毛(mao)(mao),散布淡(dan)黃色(se)腺點,側(ce)脈(mo)每側(ce)4-55與(yu)中脈(mo)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)微(wei)隆起,在(zai)(zai)邊緣之內(nei)(nei)網結,其間(jian)平行細脈(mo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少明(ming)顯;葉柄長(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)漸寬(kuan)(kuan)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)翅,腹(fu)凹(ao)背凸,密被(bei)(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序生(sheng)于莖及分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)頂上(shang),長(chang)10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi),因(yin)而植株(zhu)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全體組成(cheng)龐大(da)(da)(da)疏松的(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐了(le)毛(mao)(mao)序由(you)具(ju)(ju)(ju)5至多(duo)(duo)(duo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)聚傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序組成(cheng),聚傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序具(ju)(ju)(ju)梗(geng),總梗(geng)長(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)1-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)與(yu)序軸(zhou)均密被(bei)(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);苞(bao)葉在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)葉狀(zhuang)(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)(ju)短柄,長(chang)超(chao)過聚傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,向上(shang)漸變小(xiao)(xiao)呈(cheng)苞(bao)片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)至線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)與(yu)總梗(geng)相(xiang)等,苞(bao)片(pian)及小(xiao)(xiao)苞(bao)片(pian)細小(xiao)(xiao),長(chang)1-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)密被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰白微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),其間(jian)夾有(you)腺點,內(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),萼齒(chi)5,長(chang)三(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing),近等大(da)(da)(da),長(chang)約(yue)為萼長(chang)之半,果時花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼增大(da)(da)(da),呈(cheng)闊(kuo)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing),基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少呈(cheng)壺(hu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),脈(mo)紋明(ming)顯。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠紫色(se),長(chang)達(da)6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)被(bei)(bei)(bei)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),內(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),冠筒長(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)方淺囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang),至喉部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)1.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),冠檐二唇形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)唇外(wai)反,長(chang)約(yue)2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端具(ju)(ju)(ju)相(xiang)等4圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裂(lie),下(xia)(xia)唇闊(kuo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)凹(ao)。雄蕊4,內(nei)(nei)藏(zang)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang),內(nei)(nei)藏(zang),先(xian)端相(xiang)等2淺裂(lie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)盤環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。成(cheng)熟(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)堅果闊(kuo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),具(ju)(ju)(ju)腺點及白色(se)髯毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、果期8-9月。
分布范圍
產黑龍江,吉林,遼寧,山西(xi),河(he)(he)南,陜西(xi),甘肅,四川,貴州,廣西(xi),廣東(dong)(dong)(dong),湖南,江西(xi),安徽,浙江,江蘇及臺灣(wan);常成叢生(sheng)于(yu)山坡、路旁(pang)、田(tian)邊、溪旁(pang)、河(he)(he)岸(an)、草(cao)叢、灌叢、林下沙壤(rang)土上,海拔(ba)120-1250米。蘇聯遠(yuan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)地區,朝鮮也(ye)有。模式(shi)標(biao)本采自(zi)我國東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)松花江流(liu)域下游。
主要價值
全草入藥,治急(ji)性肝炎、急(ji)性膽囊炎、跌打瘀(yu)腫等癥。