連州(zhou)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃草(cao)(cao)學名(ming)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃草(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又(you)名(ming)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)溝草(cao)(cao)、山(shan)羊面(mian)、臺灣(wan)延胡索和大葉蛇總(zong)管,多(duo)年生草(cao)(cao)本,根莖肥大,向下(xia)(xia)密生纖細的(de)須(xu)根,莖直立,高達1.5(2)米(mi),有細條(tiao)紋,帶紫(zi)色(se),莖葉對生,卵(luan)圓形或(huo)卵(luan)圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形或(huo)披針形,草(cao)(cao)質,上(shang)面(mian)暗綠色(se),下(xia)(xia)面(mian)淡綠色(se),圓錐花序生于莖及(ji)分枝頂上(shang),花冠(guan)紫(zi)色(se),長達6毫米(mi),外(wai)被短(duan)柔毛,內面(mian)無毛,花盤環狀(zhuang)(zhuang),成(cheng)熟小堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)圓形,花、果(guo)期8-9月。溪(xi)(xi)(xi)黃草(cao)(cao)產于我國黑龍江(jiang)、吉林、遼寧、山(shan)西(xi)、河(he)南(nan)、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘(gan)肅、四川(chuan)、貴州(zhou)、廣西(xi)、廣東、湖南(nan)、江(jiang)西(xi)、安徽、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇及(ji)臺灣(wan),常(chang)成(cheng)叢生于海拔120-1250米(mi)的(de)山(shan)坡、路旁、田邊(bian)、溪(xi)(xi)(xi)旁、河(he)岸、草(cao)(cao)叢、灌叢、林下(xia)(xia)沙(sha)壤土上(shang)。全(quan)草(cao)(cao)入藥,治(zhi)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)肝炎、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)膽囊炎、跌打瘀(yu)腫(zhong)等癥。
形態特征
多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)草本,根莖肥大(da)(da)(da),粗壯,有時(shi)(shi)呈(cheng)疙瘩狀(zhuang),向(xiang)下密(mi)生(sheng)纖(xian)細(xi)(xi)的須根。莖直立,高達(da)1.5(2)米(mi)(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)四淺(qian)(qian)槽,有細(xi)(xi)條紋,帶(dai)紫(zi)(zi)色,基部(bu)(bu)木質,近無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)(bei)倒向(xiang)微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)分(fen)枝。莖葉(xie)對生(sheng),卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬1.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)近漸(jian)尖,基部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)具(ju)(ju)粗大(da)(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)彎的鋸齒,草質,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)暗綠色,下面(mian)淡(dan)綠色,兩(liang)面(mian)僅脈(mo)(mo)(mo).上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),余部(bu)(bu)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),散布淡(dan)黃色腺點(dian),側(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)每側(ce)4-55與中脈(mo)(mo)(mo)在兩(liang)面(mian)微(wei)隆(long)起,在邊緣(yuan)之內(nei)(nei)網結(jie),其(qi)(qi)間(jian)平行細(xi)(xi)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)多(duo)(duo)少明顯;葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)漸(jian)寬大(da)(da)(da)的翅,腹(fu)凹背(bei)凸,密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)序(xu)生(sheng)于(yu)莖及分(fen)枝頂上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),下部(bu)(bu)常分(fen)枝,因而植(zhi)株上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)全體組(zu)成龐大(da)(da)(da)疏(shu)松的圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)序(xu),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐了毛(mao)(mao)(mao)序(xu)由具(ju)(ju)5至(zhi)多(duo)(duo)花(hua)的聚傘(san)花(hua)序(xu)組(zu)成,聚傘(san)花(hua)序(xu)具(ju)(ju)梗,總梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),總梗、花(hua)梗與序(xu)軸均密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);苞(bao)葉(xie)在下部(bu)(bu)者(zhe)葉(xie)狀(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)短柄(bing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)超過聚傘(san)花(hua)序(xu),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漸(jian)變小(xiao)呈(cheng)苞(bao)片狀(zhuang),披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)與總梗相等,苞(bao)片及小(xiao)苞(bao)片細(xi)(xi)小(xiao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)萼(e)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外密(mi)被(bei)(bei)灰白微(wei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),其(qi)(qi)間(jian)夾有腺點(dian),內(nei)(nei)面(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),萼(e)齒5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),近等大(da)(da)(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)為萼(e)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之半,果(guo)時(shi)(shi)花(hua)萼(e)增大(da)(da)(da),呈(cheng)闊(kuo)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),基部(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)少呈(cheng)壺狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),脈(mo)(mo)(mo)紋明顯。花(hua)冠紫(zi)(zi)色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達(da)6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外被(bei)(bei)短柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),內(nei)(nei)面(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),冠筒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),基部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方淺(qian)(qian)囊(nang)狀(zhuang),至(zhi)喉部(bu)(bu)寬約(yue)(yue)1.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),冠檐二唇形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)唇外反(fan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)具(ju)(ju)相等4圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裂,下唇闊(kuo)卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)凹。雄蕊4,內(nei)(nei)藏(zang)。花(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang),內(nei)(nei)藏(zang),先端(duan)(duan)相等2淺(qian)(qian)裂。花(hua)盤環狀(zhuang)。成熟小(xiao)堅果(guo)闊(kuo)卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),具(ju)(ju)腺點(dian)及白色髯毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)、果(guo)期8-9月。
分布范圍
產黑龍(long)江,吉林,遼(liao)寧,山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi),河(he)南,陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi),甘肅,四川,貴(gui)州,廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi),廣(guang)東,湖南,江西(xi)(xi)(xi),安徽(hui),浙江,江蘇(su)及臺灣;常成叢生(sheng)于山(shan)坡、路旁、田邊(bian)、溪旁、河(he)岸、草叢、灌(guan)叢、林下沙(sha)壤土上(shang),海拔120-1250米。蘇(su)聯遠(yuan)東地區,朝鮮也有。模式(shi)標本采自我國東北(bei)松(song)花(hua)江流(liu)域下游。
主要價值
全草入藥,治(zhi)急性(xing)肝炎、急性(xing)膽(dan)囊炎、跌打瘀腫等癥(zheng)。