連州(zhou)溪黃草學(xue)名溪黃草(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又(you)名溪溝草、山(shan)羊(yang)面(mian)(mian)、臺灣(wan)延胡索和大葉(xie)蛇總(zong)管(guan),多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)草本,根(gen)莖肥大,向下(xia)(xia)(xia)密生(sheng)纖(xian)細的(de)須根(gen),莖直立(li),高達(da)1.5(2)米,有細條紋,帶(dai)紫色(se)(se),莖葉(xie)對(dui)生(sheng),卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形或(huo)卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針形或(huo)披針形,草質,上面(mian)(mian)暗綠色(se)(se),下(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)淡綠色(se)(se),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花序生(sheng)于(yu)莖及(ji)分(fen)枝(zhi)頂上,花冠紫色(se)(se),長達(da)6毫米,外被短柔毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛,花盤環狀(zhuang),成(cheng)熟小堅果闊卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形,花、果期8-9月。溪黃草產于(yu)我(wo)國黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、山(shan)西、河南、陜西、甘(gan)肅、四川(chuan)、貴州(zhou)、廣西、廣東、湖南、江西、安徽、浙江、江蘇及(ji)臺灣(wan),常成(cheng)叢(cong)(cong)生(sheng)于(yu)海拔120-1250米的(de)山(shan)坡(po)、路(lu)旁、田邊、溪旁、河岸、草叢(cong)(cong)、灌叢(cong)(cong)、林下(xia)(xia)(xia)沙(sha)壤土上。全草入藥,治急性肝炎、急性膽囊炎、跌打瘀腫(zhong)等癥。
形態特征
多年生草(cao)本,根莖(jing)(jing)肥(fei)大(da)(da)(da),粗壯(zhuang),有時(shi)呈疙瘩狀(zhuang)(zhuang),向(xiang)下密(mi)生纖細(xi)的須根。莖(jing)(jing)直立,高達1.5(2)米(mi)(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)(ju)四淺(qian)(qian)槽,有細(xi)條紋,帶紫色(se)(se),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)木質,近(jin)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)倒(dao)向(xiang)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)多分枝。莖(jing)(jing)葉對生,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)或披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬1.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)近(jin)漸(jian)尖,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)粗大(da)(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)彎的鋸齒(chi),草(cao)質,上(shang)(shang)面(mian)暗綠色(se)(se),下面(mian)淡綠色(se)(se),兩面(mian)僅脈(mo).上(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),余部(bu)(bu)(bu)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),散布(bu)淡黃色(se)(se)腺點,側脈(mo)每側4-55與(yu)中脈(mo)在兩面(mian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隆起(qi),在邊緣(yuan)之內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)網結,其(qi)間平行細(xi)脈(mo)多少(shao)明(ming)顯(xian);葉柄(bing)(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)漸(jian)寬大(da)(da)(da)的翅,腹凹背凸,密(mi)被(bei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)生于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)及(ji)分枝頂上(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),下部(bu)(bu)(bu)常分枝,因而植株上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)全體組成龐大(da)(da)(da)疏松的圓(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),圓(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)了毛(mao)(mao)序(xu)由(you)具(ju)(ju)(ju)5至多花(hua)(hua)(hua)的聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)組成,聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)梗(geng)(geng),總梗(geng)(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),總梗(geng)(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)(geng)與(yu)序(xu)軸均密(mi)被(bei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);苞(bao)(bao)葉在下部(bu)(bu)(bu)者葉狀(zhuang)(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)(ju)短柄(bing)(bing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)超過聚(ju)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)漸(jian)變小(xiao)呈苞(bao)(bao)片狀(zhuang)(zhuang),披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)至線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)與(yu)總梗(geng)(geng)相等(deng),苞(bao)(bao)片及(ji)小(xiao)苞(bao)(bao)片細(xi)小(xiao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),被(bei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)鐘形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外(wai)密(mi)被(bei)灰白(bai)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),其(qi)間夾有腺點,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)面(mian)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),萼(e)(e)齒(chi)5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),近(jin)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)萼(e)(e)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之半,果時(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)增大(da)(da)(da),呈闊鐘形(xing)(xing),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)多少(shao)呈壺狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),脈(mo)紋明(ming)顯(xian)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠紫色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外(wai)被(bei)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)面(mian)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),冠筒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)方淺(qian)(qian)囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang),至喉(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),冠檐二唇(chun)形(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)外(wai)反(fan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)(duan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)相等(deng)4圓(yuan)裂,下唇(chun)闊卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)凹。雄蕊4,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏。花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)絲(si)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏,先端(duan)(duan)相等(deng)2淺(qian)(qian)裂。花(hua)(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。成熟小(xiao)堅果闊卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)(duan)圓(yuan),具(ju)(ju)(ju)腺點及(ji)白(bai)色(se)(se)髯毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)、果期8-9月。
分布范圍
產(chan)黑龍江(jiang)(jiang),吉林,遼寧,山(shan)西,河(he)南,陜(shan)西,甘(gan)肅,四川,貴州,廣西,廣東(dong)(dong),湖南,江(jiang)(jiang)西,安徽,浙江(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)及臺(tai)灣;常(chang)成(cheng)叢生于山(shan)坡、路旁、田(tian)邊(bian)、溪旁、河(he)岸、草叢、灌叢、林下沙壤土上,海拔120-1250米。蘇(su)聯遠東(dong)(dong)地區,朝(chao)鮮也有。模式標本采自我(wo)國東(dong)(dong)北松花(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)下游。
主要價值
全草入藥(yao),治(zhi)急性肝炎、急性膽(dan)囊炎、跌打(da)瘀(yu)腫等癥。