陽山雞,廣東(dong)省清遠市(shi)陽山縣特產(chan),全(quan)國農產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志。
陽山雞(ji)(ji)屬三黃(huang)(huang)雞(ji)(ji)種,胸(xiong)深而(er)身軀(qu)長,背平(ping),前后(hou)軀(qu)基本相等,體型呈長方(fang)型,頭稍(shao)大,翹翅(chi)、主翼羽和主尾羽短(duan)或缺,喙、皮、腳均為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。母雞(ji)(ji)單片(pian)冠(guan)呈鮮紅色(se)但比(bi)公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)小(xiao),有5至8個冠(guan)齒,肉(rou)髯(ran)、臉及耳葉呈紅色(se),虹彩橘黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)單冠(guan)直立(li),有6至9個冠(guan)齒,冠(guan)、肉(rou)髯(ran)長,耳稍(shao)大,呈鮮紅色(se),虹彩金黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。
2018年7月3日,中華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式(shi)批準對“陽山雞”實施農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志登記保護(hu)。2019年12月17日,“陽山雞”入選2019年第(di)四批全國名特優新農(nong)產品名錄。
陽(yang)山(shan)雞分布于廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)西(xi)北(bei)部、連(lian)江(jiang)中游(you)、南嶺(ling)山(shan)脈南側(ce)的(de)陽(yang)山(shan)縣(xian),南連(lian)懷(huai)集、廣(guang)寧、清新(xin)縣(xian),北(bei)接湖南宜(yi)章(zhang)縣(xian),東(dong)與(yu)英德、乳(ru)源瑤族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)相鄰,西(xi)與(yu)連(lian)南瑤族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)、連(lian)州市為(wei)界(jie)。地域保護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)陽(yang)山(shan)縣(xian)全境(jing),包括陽(yang)山(shan)縣(xian)轄下的(de)江(jiang)英、青蓮、黎埠、嶺(ling)背(bei)等13個鄉鎮,地理坐(zuo)標在東(dong)經(jing)112°22′01″~113°01′06″,北(bei)緯23°58′47″~24°55′52″之間。面積3418平(ping)方公里,年出欄200萬只,年產量3千(qian)噸。
地(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌:陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形復(fu)雜(za),丘陵起伏、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)陡峻,峽(xia)谷眾(zhong)多(duo),主要(yao)(yao)以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主,約(yue)占全縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)90%,盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)及沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原約(yue)占10%。高(gao)低(di)差(cha)相當(dang)大(da)(da)(da),最(zui)低(di)的(de)青蓮(lian)(lian)小(xiao)北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)沿岸海拔(ba)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)高(gao)的(de)全省第(di)一(yi)(yi)峰石(shi)坑崆海拔(ba)1902米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)低(di)相差(cha)1850米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)省級(ji)生態公(gong)益林居全省之首,面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)1626.69平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,森林復(fu)蓋(gai)率(lv)為(wei)72.97%,林木(mu)綠化率(lv)為(wei)76.5%。土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件:陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)屬(shu)粵北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)重點石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)縣(xian),土(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要(yao)(yao)有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)紅壤(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)黃壤(rang)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)、石(shi)灰(hui)土(tu)才(cai)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu),主要(yao)(yao)以紅黃壤(rang)為(wei)主,占50.37%,土(tu)壤(rang)呈微酸(suan)性;其(qi)次為(wei)紅色(se)石(shi)灰(hui)土(tu),占19.49%,土(tu)壤(rang)呈微堿性;此(ci)外還(huan)有面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少土(tu)層淺(qian)薄,巖(yan)石(shi)裸露的(de)石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)石(shi)質土(tu),占29.39%。適宜種植玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、番(fan)薯等(deng)粗糧,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雞以玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)主食(shi),為(wei)其(qi)提供了營(ying)養(yang)、健康的(de)飼(si)料。水(shui)(shui)文情況:陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)內(nei)河系屬(shu)珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)小(xiao)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)眾(zhong)多(duo),集(ji)雨面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里以上的(de)主、支(zhi)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)有13條(tiao),河流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)型(xing)。縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)年均(jun)(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量79.08億立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(不(bu)(bu)(bu)含過境(jing)(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)),過境(jing)(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量38.6億立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)量充(chong)(chong)足。已建中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫3宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)(一(yi)(yi))型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫11宗(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫38宗(zong)(zong),較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)塘壩129宗(zong)(zong),總控制集(ji)雨面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)252.29平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,總庫容1.096億立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情況:陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)屬(shu)亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)20.3℃,最(zui)冷月1月,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)10.1℃,最(zui)熱(re)月7月,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)28.7℃,年極端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-3.2℃,極端(duan)(duan)最(zui)熱(re)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39.9℃,歷年日平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度≥5℃的(de)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長達(da)(da)345天(tian)(tian)。年降雨量1850毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在春(chun)夏(xia)兩季(ji)(ji)(ji),年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)濕度78%,全年無霜期322天(tian)(tian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)形復(fu)雜(za),高(gao)低(di)差(cha)相當(dang)大(da)(da)(da),最(zui)低(di)的(de)青蓮(lian)(lian)小(xiao)北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)沿岸海拔(ba)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)高(gao)的(de)全省第(di)一(yi)(yi)峰石(shi)坑崆海拔(ba)1902米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)低(di)相差(cha)1850米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),隨(sui)著高(gao)度的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)而形成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)帶,垂(chui)直(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)差(cha)異達(da)(da)到(dao)9℃,光照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足,年均(jun)(jun)(jun)光照(zhao)時(shi)數1617.7h,≥10℃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)年積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)(da)6236.5℃。這種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)差(cha)異春(chun)雨夏(xia)暑,秋旱冬寒四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,光照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛(pei)。
外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):陽(yang)(yang)山雞屬三(san)黃(huang)雞種(zhong),胸深而身軀長,背平(ping),前后軀基本相(xiang)等,體(ti)型呈長方型,頭稍大,翹翅(chi)、主(zhu)翼羽和(he)主(zhu)尾羽短或缺,喙、皮(pi)、腳均為黃(huang)色(se)。母雞單(dan)片冠呈鮮(xian)紅色(se)但(dan)比公雞小,有(you)5至8個冠齒,肉(rou)(rou)髯、臉(lian)及耳葉呈紅色(se),虹彩橘(ju)黃(huang)色(se)。公雞單(dan)冠直立,有(you)6至9個冠齒,冠、肉(rou)(rou)髯長,耳稍大,呈鮮(xian)紅色(se),虹彩金黃(huang)色(se)。內在(zai)品質指(zhi)標(biao):陽(yang)(yang)山雞肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)豐滿,皮(pi)薄骨細,肉(rou)(rou)質嫩滑(hua),品嘗起來皮(pi)爽脆、肉(rou)(rou)質幼嫩、久嚼不膩、雞味(wei)濃郁鮮(xian)美。營養豐富,并含(han)有(you)人體(ti)所需(xu)的多(duo)種(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素。據檢測,陽(yang)(yang)山雞肉(rou)(rou)蛋白(bai)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)為24.0~26.0%,脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)為0.5~0.6%,每百克(ke)雞肉(rou)(rou)中,油酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為0.35~0.6g,亞油酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為0.17~0.25g,肌(ji)酐酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為96.0~131mg。安全要求(qiu):禁止使用國家(jia)禁止使用的獸(shou)藥飼(si)養陽(yang)(yang)山雞。做好生產記(ji)錄(lu)、飼(si)料(liao)、飼(si)料(liao)添加(jia)劑和(he)獸(shou)藥使用記(ji)錄(lu)、消毒記(ji)錄(lu)、免疫記(ji)錄(lu)、診療記(ji)錄(lu)、防(fang)疫監測記(ji)錄(lu)、病死畜禽無(wu)害化處理記(ji)錄(lu)。出欄時(shi)活雞外貌(mao)特征(zheng)應符合陽(yang)(yang)山雞品種(zhong)標(biao)準的要求(qiu),健康無(wu)病,符合上市日齡(ling)的雞。