陽(yang)山雞,廣東(dong)省清遠(yuan)市(shi)陽(yang)山縣特產,全國(guo)農產品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)。
陽(yang)山雞(ji)(ji)屬三(san)黃(huang)雞(ji)(ji)種,胸深(shen)而身軀長(chang)(chang),背平,前后軀基(ji)本(ben)相等,體型呈長(chang)(chang)方型,頭稍(shao)大,翹(qiao)翅、主翼羽(yu)和主尾羽(yu)短或缺,喙、皮、腳均為黃(huang)色(se)(se)。母雞(ji)(ji)單片冠(guan)呈鮮紅(hong)色(se)(se)但(dan)比公雞(ji)(ji)小,有5至(zhi)8個(ge)冠(guan)齒,肉(rou)髯(ran)、臉及耳(er)(er)葉呈紅(hong)色(se)(se),虹彩橘(ju)黃(huang)色(se)(se)。公雞(ji)(ji)單冠(guan)直立(li),有6至(zhi)9個(ge)冠(guan)齒,冠(guan)、肉(rou)髯(ran)長(chang)(chang),耳(er)(er)稍(shao)大,呈鮮紅(hong)色(se)(se),虹彩金黃(huang)色(se)(se)。
2018年7月3日(ri),中華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式(shi)批準對“陽山雞”實施農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標志登記保護。2019年12月17日(ri),“陽山雞”入選(xuan)2019年第(di)四批全國(guo)名特優新(xin)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)名錄。
陽山(shan)雞分布于廣東(dong)省西北(bei)部、連(lian)江(jiang)中游、南嶺山(shan)脈南側的陽山(shan)縣(xian)(xian),南連(lian)懷集、廣寧、清新縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)接湖南宜章(zhang)縣(xian)(xian),東(dong)與英(ying)德、乳源(yuan)瑤(yao)族自治縣(xian)(xian)相鄰,西與連(lian)南瑤(yao)族自治縣(xian)(xian)、連(lian)州市為(wei)界。地域保護(hu)范圍為(wei)陽山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)全境(jing),包(bao)括(kuo)陽山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)轄下(xia)的江(jiang)英(ying)、青蓮、黎埠(bu)、嶺背等13個鄉鎮,地理坐標(biao)在東(dong)經112°22′01″~113°01′06″,北(bei)緯23°58′47″~24°55′52″之間。面積3418平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,年(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)200萬只,年(nian)產(chan)量3千(qian)噸。
地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌:陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)復(fu)雜,丘(qiu)陵起伏、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)陡峻(jun),峽谷(gu)眾多,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),約占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)90%,盆地(di)(di)及沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原約占(zhan)10%。高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)差(cha)相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)大(da),最(zui)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)蓮小(xiao)(xiao)北江沿岸(an)海(hai)(hai)拔不到50米(mi),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)第一峰(feng)石坑(keng)崆海(hai)(hai)拔1902米(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)相(xiang)差(cha)1850米(mi)。陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)省(sheng)級生態公益林居全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)之首,面積(ji)達(da)1626.69平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),森林復(fu)蓋率為(wei)72.97%,林木(mu)綠化(hua)率為(wei)76.5%。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件:陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)粵北地(di)(di)重(zhong)點石灰巖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸土(tu)、石灰土(tu)才紫色土(tu),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)紅(hong)黃壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),占(zhan)50.37%,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)呈微酸性(xing);其次為(wei)紅(hong)色石灰土(tu),占(zhan)19.49%,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)呈微堿性(xing);此外(wai)還有面積(ji)不少土(tu)層淺薄,巖石裸露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)石灰巖石質土(tu),占(zhan)29.39%。適宜種(zhong)植玉米(mi)、番(fan)薯等粗糧,陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雞以(yi)玉米(mi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)食,為(wei)其提供了營養、健(jian)康的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)河(he)(he)系屬(shu)(shu)珠江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)北江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)內(nei)小(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)眾多,集(ji)(ji)雨面積(ji)100平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)、支(zhi)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有13條,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)大(da)多屬(shu)(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)型。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量79.08億立方(fang)米(mi)(不含過(guo)境(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),過(guo)境(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)量38.6億立方(fang)米(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量充(chong)(chong)足。已建中(zhong)(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)3宗(zong)、小(xiao)(xiao)(一)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)11宗(zong)、小(xiao)(xiao)(二)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)38宗(zong),較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)塘(tang)壩(ba)129宗(zong),總(zong)(zong)控制(zhi)集(ji)(ji)雨面積(ji)252.29平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),總(zong)(zong)庫(ku)容1.096億立方(fang)米(mi)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)風性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)20.3℃,最(zui)冷月1月,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)10.1℃,最(zui)熱(re)月7月,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)28.7℃,年(nian)(nian)極端最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-3.2℃,極端最(zui)熱(re)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)39.9℃,歷年(nian)(nian)日平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度≥5℃的(de)(de)(de)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長達(da)345天。年(nian)(nian)降雨量1850毫(hao)米(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在春夏(xia)兩季(ji),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)濕度78%,全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期322天。地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)復(fu)雜,高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)差(cha)相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)大(da),最(zui)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)蓮小(xiao)(xiao)北江沿岸(an)海(hai)(hai)拔不到50米(mi),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)第一峰(feng)石坑(keng)崆海(hai)(hai)拔1902米(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)相(xiang)差(cha)1850米(mi),隨(sui)著高(gao)(gao)(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)不同而形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)不同的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候帶(dai)(dai),垂(chui)直氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候差(cha)異達(da)到9℃,光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)足,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)光(guang)照時數1617.7h,≥10℃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)達(da)6236.5℃。這種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異春雨夏(xia)暑,秋旱冬寒四季(ji)分明,光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)足,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛。
外在感官特征:陽山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)屬三(san)黃雞(ji)(ji)(ji)種,胸深而(er)身軀長(chang),背平,前后(hou)軀基本相等,體型呈(cheng)長(chang)方型,頭(tou)稍(shao)大,翹翅(chi)、主翼羽和主尾(wei)羽短或缺(que),喙、皮、腳(jiao)均為黃色(se)。母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)片冠呈(cheng)鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se)但比(bi)公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)小,有5至8個(ge)冠齒,肉(rou)(rou)髯(ran)(ran)、臉及耳葉呈(cheng)紅色(se),虹彩橘黃色(se)。公雞(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)冠直(zhi)立,有6至9個(ge)冠齒,冠、肉(rou)(rou)髯(ran)(ran)長(chang),耳稍(shao)大,呈(cheng)鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se),虹彩金黃色(se)。內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:陽山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)豐滿,皮薄骨(gu)細,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)嫩(nen)滑,品嘗(chang)起來皮爽脆、肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)幼嫩(nen)、久嚼不膩、雞(ji)(ji)(ji)味濃郁鮮(xian)(xian)美。營(ying)養(yang)豐富,并(bing)含(han)有人(ren)體所需的多種微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素。據檢測,陽山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為24.0~26.0%,脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為0.5~0.6%,每百(bai)克雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)中,油酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為0.35~0.6g,亞(ya)油酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為0.17~0.25g,肌(ji)酐酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為96.0~131mg。安全要(yao)求:禁止使用(yong)國家禁止使用(yong)的獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)飼養(yang)陽山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)。做好生產記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、飼料(liao)、飼料(liao)添加劑和獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)使用(yong)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、消毒記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、免(mian)疫記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、診療(liao)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、防(fang)疫監(jian)測記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、病死(si)畜(chu)禽(qin)無害化(hua)處(chu)理(li)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。出欄(lan)時活雞(ji)(ji)(ji)外貌(mao)特征應符(fu)合(he)陽山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)品種標準的要(yao)求,健康(kang)無病,符(fu)合(he)上(shang)市(shi)日齡的雞(ji)(ji)(ji)。