一.產品介紹
浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)種植葡萄歷史悠久,現存最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)地方志《嘉靖浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)志略(lve)》卷三物產篇中就(jiu)有(you)種植“葡萄”的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。之后乾隆、光緒年(nian)(nian)間的(de)(de)(de)《浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)志略(lve)》物產中也均(jun)有(you)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡萄零星栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。到(dao)民國29年(nian)(nian)(1940),《民國浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)縣(xian)志稿》中全縣(xian)葡萄栽培(pei)面積已達十畝(mu),產量為21擔。 近年(nian)(nian)來浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡萄產業發展迅速(su),栽培(pei)面積超過5萬畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產量8萬噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)產值(zhi)6.8億元,成為浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)農業第一大(da)產業,并先后獲得浙江(jiang)省精品水果(guo)金(jin)獎、浙江(jiang)省農業博(bo)覽(lan)會金(jin)獎、金(jin)華(hua)市精品水果(guo)會金(jin)獎,全國南方及設施葡萄精品大(da)賽金(jin)獎。2013年(nian)(nian)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)縣(xian)還被授予“中國巨峰葡萄之鄉”稱號,。
二.自然(ran)生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
(1) 地(di)(di)(di)理地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao):浦江(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu),隸屬(shu)金華市,距浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)會杭(hang)州94公(gong)里。地(di)(di)(di)理位(wei)置優越,地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)復雜,有(you)(you)平(ping)畈(fan)(fan)、崗地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵和(he)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)等土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)類型。縣內地(di)(di)(di)勢西北高東南(nan)低,最(zui)高峰大畈(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)朝天門,海(hai)(hai)拔1050米;而最(zui)低點浦陽江(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)道,海(hai)(hai)拔僅24米。西部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)壺(hu)源(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)兩岸(an)多為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)丘陵,其中(zhong)檀溪(xi)、杭(hang)坪、虞宅等鄉(xiang)鎮有(you)(you)小塊盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)錯落;東部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)亦丘陵環亙;中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)浦陽盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)。浦江(jiang)(jiang)山(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝壑縱橫,境內河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)具有(you)(you)源(yuan)短(duan)流(liu)(liu)急(ji)、河(he)(he)床比降大和(he)徑流(liu)(liu)季節性變化明顯等山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)型特征。縣內兩條(tiao)水系浦陽江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)壺(hu)源(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang),均(jun)為(wei)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)的主要(yao)支流(liu)(liu)。 (2) 土(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)(di):浦江(jiang)(jiang)土(tu)壤(rang)屬(shu)于亞熱帶常(chang)綠闊葉林紅(hong)壤(rang)帶,主要(yao)以(yi)紅(hong)壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)和(he)紫色(se)土(tu)為(wei)主,有(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量 2.1% -4.2%,pH值5.5 - 6.5 ,偏酸性。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)特點:浦江(jiang)(jiang)屬(shu)于屬(shu)于亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候(hou)區,四(si)季分明,氣(qi)溫(wen)適中(zhong),雨量充(chong)沛,光照充(chong)足(zu)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17 ℃,一月最(zui)冷(leng)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)4.7 ℃;七月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)28 ℃。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量1512毫米,年(nian)均(jun)降水日數156天。平(ping)均(jun)年(nian)日照總時數1746.3小時,年(nian)均(jun)無霜期247天。
三.地域范圍
浦(pu)江葡萄農產(chan)品地理標志地域保護范圍包括浦(pu)陽街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、浦(pu)南街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、仙(xian)華(hua)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、黃宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白馬鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)家塢(wu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、巖(yan)頭(tou)鎮(zhen)(zhen),花橋、前吳、中余、檀溪、大畈、虞宅、杭坪(ping) 含轄區 15個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)),北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)巖(yan)頭(tou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的禮張村 ,東至(zhi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)家塢(wu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的溪東村 ,南至(zhi)黃宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)的陳鐵(tie)店村,西至(zhi)杭坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的杭坪(ping)村,地理坐標為(wei)北(bei)(bei)緯29° 21′~29°41′和東經119°42′~ 120°07′之間。2011年種植面積 2.83萬畝, 產(chan)量4.2萬噸。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)感(gan)官特(te)征(zheng):果實完整(zheng),發育充分、正常(chang),新鮮清潔(jie),整(zheng)齊度(du)(du)好,具有適(shi)宜市場或貯存要(yao)求的(de)(de)成熟度(du)(du);具有本品種(zhong)所(suo)固有的(de)(de)形狀和(he)特(te)征(zheng),果形整(zheng)齊,果粒間緊(jin)密適(shi)度(du)(du),不易脫粒,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機械損傷(shang),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉爛、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)裂(lie)果、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)凍傷(shang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)病蟲害(hai)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)刺傷(shang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)果肉(rou)褐變;具有本品種(zhong)成熟時應有的(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)色澤(ze)和(he)正常(chang)的(de)(de)氣味。 (2)品質(zhi)指標:浦(pu)江(jiang)葡萄營養(yang)價值高,果肉(rou)細脆,肉(rou)質(zhi)厚(hou),纖維少;風味濃(nong),甜酸適(shi)口,汁液豐(feng)富;可溶性固形物含量≥17.8%,總(zong)酸含量≤ 0.6% 。 (3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:浦(pu)江(jiang)葡萄在生產、貯運、銷售過程中(zhong)應嚴(yan)格執行(xing)國家農業行(xing)業標準《無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品 鮮食(shi)葡萄》NY5086-2002的(de)(de)要(yao)求。
五.特定生產方式
(1) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)(yu)(yu)特殊(shu)內容規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding):浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)必須符合(he)(he)《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 鮮食(shi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)》NY5086-2002的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)層深(shen)(shen)大(da)于40 cm,結(jie)(jie)(jie)構疏松,土(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)≥2.3%,pH 5.5-6.5,且排水(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)。 (2)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術 ① 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)30~50cm,溝(gou)(gou)寬60~80cm,每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)2000kg畜肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000kg,混100kg磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)溝(gou)(gou)內,填土(tu)整(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)饅(man)頭形栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)壟(long)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)點(dian)好(hao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)點(dian),選(xuan)(xuan)晴天(tian)(tian)或(huo)(huo)陰天(tian)(tian)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)苗(miao)根向(xiang)四(si)周伸展(zhan),填土(tu),澆透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)80~100cm寬黑色地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜全(quan)(quan)壟(long)條(tiao)(tiao)形覆蓋。并(bing)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)好(hao)三溝(gou)(gou):圍(wei)溝(gou)(gou)、腰溝(gou)(gou)、畦溝(gou)(gou)配套。 ② 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)范圍(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)特定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)要求:選(xuan)(xuan)擇適合(he)(he)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)峰、夏(xia)黑、醉金香、巨(ju)峰優株(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。供浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)木選(xuan)(xuan)擇芽(ya)(ya)眼(yan)飽(bao)滿(man)、粗度(du)(du)0.5厘米以上(shang)(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健(jian)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、根系發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)苗(miao)木。栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)為12月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)~次(ci)年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)。 ③ 設施(shi)(shi)(shi):浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)必須采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)避雨(yu)栽(zai)培(pei)。大(da)棚(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)2.4-6m,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)2-10m;簡易(yi)聯(lian)體保(bao)(bao)暖(nuan)小(xiao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)2.4~6m,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)2-10 m。簡易(yi)標準(zhun)鋼管(guan)連棟大(da)棚(peng):矢高3.3-3.8m,肩高2.0m以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。簡易(yi)聯(lian)體保(bao)(bao)暖(nuan)小(xiao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng):頂(ding)高2.2~2.3m,行(xing)(xing)(xing)寬2.5~3m(含溝(gou)(gou))。在(zai)(zai)單(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)簡易(yi)避雨(yu)小(xiao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),整(zheng)(zheng)塊(kuai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)周及(ji)棚(peng)間(jian)(jian)通天(tian)(tian)空氣道用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄膜覆蓋全(quan)(quan)封閉保(bao)(bao)暖(nuan)。 ④ 整(zheng)(zheng)形修(xiu)剪(jian):冬季修(xiu)剪(jian)在(zai)(zai)自(zi)然落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)半個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)至(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪(jian)方(fang)法: 第一年(nian)留(liu)(liu)3~4芽(ya)(ya)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)1根新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)作(zuo)主(zhu)干,根據架式待(dai)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)70~150cm時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),再培(pei)養(yang)4個(ge)(ge)副梢(shao)(shao)作(zuo)為結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);平(ping)(ping)棚(peng)架結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組間(jian)(jian)距(ju)1米左(zuo)右(you)。歐美雜交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中梢(shao)(shao)(5~7芽(ya)(ya))修(xiu)剪(jian),更新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)2芽(ya)(ya)修(xiu)剪(jian) 。 ⑤枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 解(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)休眠:萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)20~30天(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5-7倍(bei)石灰氮(dan)(dan)浸出液、朵美滋、芽(ya)(ya)靈涂(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)需(xu)萌(meng)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya),剪(jian)口2個(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)不(bu)涂(tu)。或(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)氰胺全(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 抹芽(ya)(ya)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao):新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)3-4cm時(shi)(shi)分批抹除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya);見花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)或(huo)(huo)5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)期(qi)后(hou)(hou)陸續(xu)抹除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)。新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)40cm左(zuo)右(you)時(shi)(shi),雙十字(zi)V型架和(he)單(dan)十字(zi)飛鳥型架選(xuan)(xuan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)按15~20cm等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)距(ju)離定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao)綁縛在(zai)(zai)鋼絲上(shang)(shang)(shang);平(ping)(ping)棚(peng)架掌握每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米5~7條(tiao)(tiao)。 摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)、副梢(shao)(shao)處理(li)(li)(li):V形架:新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)6葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),飛鳥型架:新(xin)梢(shao)(shao) 長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)7葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)副梢(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副梢(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)1根,長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)留(liu)(liu)3-5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)保(bao)(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)二次(ci)副梢(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副梢(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)4—5片葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)再摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)。棚(peng)架:見花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)留(liu)(liu)6~8葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),以后(hou)(hou)視(shi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)情(qing)況(kuang),對(dui)強(qiang)梢(shao)(shao)再摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)1~2次(ci)。注(zhu)意在(zai)(zai)離主(zhu)干附近留(liu)(liu)4根營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)成(cheng)為第二年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)12葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)留(liu)(liu)10葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),頂(ding)副梢(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)4葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)連續(xu)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)色難的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)硬核(he)期(qi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)齡100天(tian)(tian)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片,促(cu)進(jin)著色。及(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)卷須。 ⑥ 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標:歐美種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)1250kg~1500kg 。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標:大(da)粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)均重12g以上(shang)(shang)(shang),中粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)均重10g以上(shang)(shang)(shang),小(xiao)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重6g以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui):每(mei)一結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)一穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)(you)籽(zi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)核(he)化處理(li)(li)(li)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按3~4:1配置。整(zheng)(zheng)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui):花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)3—5天(tian)(tian)掐穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尖和(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)副穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)(you)籽(zi)栽(zai)培(pei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尖10cm,每(mei)個(ge)(ge)支穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)10粒(li)(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾。無(wu)(wu)核(he)化處理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尖4-7cm。 疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li):中大(da)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)控制40—60粒(li)(li)(li)左(zuo)右(you)、小(xiao)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)(liu)80~100粒(li)(li)(li)。疏去(qu)圓粒(li)(li)(li)無(wu)(wu)籽(zi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瘦小(xiao)、畸(ji)形、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄細弱、朝(chao)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 (3)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) ① 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang):全(quan)(quan)年(nian)分基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實著色肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、采后(hou)(hou)復(fu)(fu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)四(si)次(ci),每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang):有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg,氮(dan)(dan)、磷(lin)(lin)、鉀(jia)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg,鉀(jia)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg。有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)占總用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)50%至(zhi)(zhi)60%(以N計)。每(mei)年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)羊糞等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg或(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)250kg,鈣鎂磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)100kg,施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)后(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)。幼年(nian)樹(shu)按“薄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)勤施(shi)(shi)(shi)、少量(liang)(liang)多(duo)次(ci)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei),以氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),適當加施(shi)(shi)(shi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)期(qi)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg+尿素10kg或(huo)(huo)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10-20kg,著色肥(fei)(fei)(fei)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)30kg+鈣肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg,以促(cu)進(jin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形成(cheng);采后(hou)(hou)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)(lin)二元復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10-15kg,以恢復(fu)(fu)樹(shu)勢。 ② 微量(liang)(liang)元素肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):發現其它缺素癥狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)針對(dui)性校正。 ③水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理(li)(li)(li):萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)灌透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui),開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)要灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)以防(fang)(fang)(fang)園(yuan)(yuan)內土(tu)壤過干座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)良(liang)(liang);5~6月(yue)(yue)梅雨(yu)季節(jie),應(ying)做好(hao)開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)(gou)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作(zuo),7~8月(yue)(yue)高溫干旱,應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)灌溉,應(ying)注(zhu)意少量(liang)(liang)多(duo)次(ci),均勻供水(shui)(shui)(shui)。秋(qiu)季控水(shui)(shui)(shui)促(cu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提早成(cheng)熟(shu),有(you)(you)(you)利花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)分化。 (4)主(zhu)要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)芽(ya)(ya)絨(rong)球期(qi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面、葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)架和(he)芽(ya)(ya)噴(pen)鏟除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)劑3~5波美度(du)(du)石硫(liu)合(he)(he)劑或(huo)(huo)30%機(ji)油·石硫(liu)乳劑800倍(bei),對(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)黑痘(dou)病(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)特效,同時(shi)(shi)殺死越(yue)冬蟲(chong)卵。展(zhan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)期(qi)(2葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)期(qi))用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聯(lian)苯(ben)菊(ju)酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)綠盲蝽。 8~10葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)期(qi),重點(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)兼(jian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)灰霉病(bing)(bing)(bing),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)托布津或(huo)(huo)霉能靈800倍(bei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou),重點(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)灰霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、白腐(fu)(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)透(tou)翅(chi)蛾和(he)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)虎天(tian)(tian)牛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)噴(pen)農(nong)利靈800倍(bei)或(huo)(huo)50%速克靈600倍(bei)+硼砂1000倍(bei);花(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(落花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi))噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)佳樂(le)1000-倍(bei)+磷(lin)(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)500倍(bei)+20%氰戊菊(ju)酯(zhi)乳劑3000倍(bei)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)套袋前(qian)重點(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)白腐(fu)(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing),兼(jian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)、霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)倍(bei)+抑霉唑(zuo)+苯(ben)醚甲(jia)(jia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)處理(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。 (5)鳥害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi):在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)左(zuo)右(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)鳥網對(dui)槜(zui)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)園(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)覆蓋保(bao)(bao)護。 (6)采收(shou)及(ji)采后(hou)(hou)包裝(zhuang) ① 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采收(shou):按照不(bu)同葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)(you)特征適時(shi)(shi)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采收(shou)期(qi)。采收(shou)前(qian)對(dui)采收(shou)人員進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)集中培(pei)訓,并(bing)對(dui)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器具、運輸車輛、包裝(zhuang)物等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢修(xiu)、清洗消毒,確(que)保(bao)(bao)采收(shou)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)、無(wu)(wu)污染(ran)。收(shou)獲葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)前(qian)應(ying)達(da)到農(nong)藥安(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi),檢驗合(he)(he)格后(hou)(hou)方(fang)可采收(shou)。 ② 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄:建立浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程記(ji)錄檔(dang)案(an),記(ji)錄要準(zhun)確(que)、清晰、完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)。對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi))、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況(kuang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲、銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)、方(fang)式、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄。全(quan)(quan)面記(ji)載并(bing)妥善保(bao)(bao)存,以備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)分級(ji)包(bao)(bao)裝:按(an)(an)果實(shi)(shi)大小(xiao)和外觀(guan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)進行(xing)分級(ji)。包(bao)(bao)裝容器(筐、箱、盒等(deng)(deng))要(yao)求(qiu)清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥、牢(lao)固(gu)、透(tou)氣(qi)、無(wu)污染。按(an)(an)照同(tong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種、同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格分別包(bao)(bao)裝,每(mei)批葡萄(tao)其包(bao)(bao)裝規(gui)(gui)格、質(zhi)量應(ying)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。 (2)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi):標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝上統一(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)。包(bao)(bao)裝容器上應(ying)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)、質(zhi)量等(deng)(deng)級(ji)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)名(ming)稱(cheng)、規(gui)(gui)格、重(zhong)量(毛重(zhong)、凈重(zhong))、包(bao)(bao)裝日期(qi)(qi)、經(jing)銷單(dan)位、檢測人(ren)(ren)員姓(xing)名(ming)或(huo)代(dai)號等(deng)(deng),并(bing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記小(xiao)心(xin)輕(qing)(qing)放、怕(pa)濕、怕(pa)高溫等(deng)(deng)貯運圖示標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)。 (3)運輸(shu):運輸(shu)工具應(ying)清(qing)潔(jie)衛生,采(cai)取(qu)保持品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)。運輸(shu)過程中,應(ying)輕(qing)(qing)裝輕(qing)(qing)放,防(fang)止(zhi)碰撞或(huo)擠壓,并(bing)嚴防(fang)雨淋。嚴禁與有(you)毒、有(you)害、有(you)異味、易污染的(de)(de)(de)物品(pin)(pin)(pin)放在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起。 (4)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li):地(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝上使用(yong)(yong)已獲(huo)登記保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)”地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須(xu)向(xiang)登記證書持有(you)人(ren)(ren)提出(chu)書面申請,并(bing)簽訂相(xiang)(xiang)關合同(tong)。“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)”地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren),要(yao)嚴格按(an)(an)照相(xiang)(xiang)關要(yao)求(qiu)來規(gui)(gui)范生產(chan)(chan)(chan),并(bing)統一(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)方法(fa)。“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)”地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有(you)人(ren)(ren)要(yao)加強對“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)”地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督檢查、技術咨(zi)詢與服(fu) 務指(zhi)導,并(bing)對地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工過程、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)定期(qi)(qi)跟(gen)蹤(zong)檢查,實(shi)(shi)行(xing)動態管(guan)理(li)(li)。 在(zai)(zai)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)地(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)葡萄(tao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,未向(xiang)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣相(xiang)(xiang)關部門(men)提出(chu)書面申請并(bing)獲(huo)得(de)批準的(de)(de)(de)不得(de)使用(yong)(yong)“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)。任何單(dan)位和個(ge)人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)偽造和冒用(yong)(yong)“浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)葡萄(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)和登記證書的(de)(de)(de),應(ying)交由相(xiang)(xiang)關部門(men)依(yi)法(fa)進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)。