產地環境
馬(ma)廟金谷(gu)是山東(dong)省濟寧市金鄉縣(xian)馬(ma)廟鎮的著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)特產,據《金鄉縣(xian)志》記載,金谷(gu)又名(ming)(ming)齊頭占金谷(gu),僅產于金鄉縣(xian)馬(ma)廟鎮的馬(ma)坡,被稱為中國四(si)大(da)名(ming)(ming)米之一(yi)。
馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)谷產地馬(ma)(ma)廟鎮馬(ma)(ma)廟村(cun)馬(ma)(ma)坡一帶的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)稀有的(de)褐土(tu)(tu)化(hua)潮(chao)土(tu)(tu),是典型的(de)弱堿性(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤,土(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)沙壤,質(zhi)(zhi)地較肥沃,加之其(qi)地理環境和氣候條件較為(wei)(wei)適宜谷子的(de)生(sheng)長和發(fa)育,所以,是形(xing)成馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)谷優(you)良品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)得天獨厚的(de)條件。據測定,該地區的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤養(yang)分含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei):有機質(zhi)(zhi)1.32%,全氮0.075%,全磷0.082%,堿解氮67ppm,速效(xiao)磷4ppm,速效(xiao)鉀93ppm,土(tu)(tu)壤代換量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)18.2毫克/100克。土(tu)(tu)壤物(wu)理性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)也好,總孔隙(xi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)60.7%,毛管孔隙(xi)度(du)37.1%,通(tong)氣孔隙(xi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)23.1%,田間最大持水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)8.8%。從這一帶土(tu)(tu)壤理化(hua)性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)化(hua)驗結果看出,其(qi)理化(hua)性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)明顯(xian)優(you)于其(qi)他地方。
氣候方面,日照充足(zu),夏(xia)秋多(duo)雨,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)12~14度(du),7月份最(zui)高溫(wen)平均(jun)23~27度(du),年(nian)(nian)降水量在600~850毫米(mi),正是由(you)于(yu)這(zhe)些獨特的(de)(de)水土品質(zhi)及優良(liang)的(de)(de)自然條件,馬廟金谷形成(cheng)了米(mi)色澤(ze)金黃、質(zhi)粘味香、懸而(er)不浮、汕而(er)不膩、入(ru)口爽滑(hua),能多(duo)次凝結(jie)米(mi)油層(ceng)的(de)(de)特點,其(qi)米(mi)油營養極為豐富有“代(dai)參湯”之美稱(cheng)(cheng)。俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“能挑(tiao)七層(ceng)皮(pi)”。歷(li)史上被稱(cheng)(cheng)為“十三怪”之一。19世紀(ji)中(zhong)期的(de)(de)清康熙年(nian)(nian)間被列為貢(gong)品。建國(guo)十年(nian)(nian)大慶(qing)之際,周總(zong)理曾用此米(mi)招待中(zhong)外賓客。1996年(nian)(nian)馬廟鎮被國(guo)家農業部命名為“中(zhong)國(guo)金谷之鄉”。
品質特點
馬廟金谷米(mi)色(se)金黃(huang),性粘味香,米(mi)質(zhi)優異(yi),營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富,居中國四大(da)名米(mi)之首(shou)。金谷小米(mi)稀飯(fan),聞之清(qing)香,食(shi)之甘美,且有(you)熱補(bu)(bu)、潤腸功能(neng),系(xi)滋(zi)補(bu)(bu)佳(jia)品(pin)。馬廟金谷小米(mi)營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富。據測定,淀粉(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)66.85%~69.76%,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)達11.2%~13.4%,脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)4.5%~5.85%,比普通小米(mi)高1%~3%。所含(han)(han)蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪均高于大(da)米(mi)、面粉(fen)。人體(ti)必需的8種(zhong)氨(an)(an)基酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富而(er)比例(li)協調。如(ru)賴氨(an)(an)酸0.22%~5.24%,蛋氨(an)(an)酸0.4%,色(se)氨(an)(an)酸0.25%,亮氨(an)(an)酸1.87%,蘇氨(an)(an)酸、異(yi)亮氨(an)(an)酸及纈氨(an)(an)酸等含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)在0.42%~2.88%之間。維(wei)生(sheng)素的含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)亦較豐(feng)(feng)富,而(er)粗纖維(wei)的含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)又是幾(ji)種(zhong)主要(yao)糧食(shi)作物中最低的。為(wei)產婦、幼兒及老人的滋(zi)補(bu)(bu)佳(jia)品(pin)。
相關典故
康熙在馬廟的(de)傳說
1684年(nian),康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)和禮(li)部尚書庶子張玉(yu)書南巡私訪,路過馬(ma)廟(miao)馬(ma)坡(po)一帶(孟莊(zhuang)),已是半夜三(san)更,村民(min)幾乎都關門睡覺了(le),只有莊(zhuang)東(dong)頭的一戶農家(jia)還亮著(zhu)燈,騎著(zhu)白馬(ma)的康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)帝就(jiu)命隨從叫開(kai)了(le)那戶人(ren)家(jia)的門,熱情好(hao)客的農家(jia)就(jiu)讓康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)皇帝入住在家(jia)里(li),女(nv)主人(ren)為他熬了(le)一碗小米(mi)粥,康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)帝吃后(hou)稱是人(ren)間美味大加贊賞(shang),稱為“奇米(mi)”,從此金谷成(cheng)為“貢品御米(mi)”, 每年(nian)秋后(hou)都要挑選(xuan)上等當(dang)地(di)米(mi)送往京城.為皇家(jia)享(xiang)用。金谷米(mi)的產地(di)也因康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)皇帝當(dang)時騎著(zhu)一匹白馬(ma)而被命名為白馬(ma)坡(po)。
周恩來與馬廟金谷
周(zhou)恩來(lai)侄子(zi)周(zhou)保章(zhang)1961年(nian)曾在西花廳(ting)(ting)和(he)總理(li)過(guo)一(yi)次除夕。那天,總理(li)把在京的親(qin)屬、工作(zuo)人(ren)員及其(qi)家(jia)(jia)屬都請(qing)到(dao)了(le)(le)西花廳(ting)(ting),連大(da)人(ren)帶(dai)孩子(zi),熙(xi)(xi)熙(xi)(xi)攘攘地把西花廳(ting)(ting)擠得滿滿的,足足擺(bai)了(le)(le)三大(da)桌。人(ren)都坐好了(le)(le),只見工作(zuo)人(ren)員端上了(le)(le)熱氣騰騰的大(da)包(bao)子(zi)和(he)黃澄澄的金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)稀飯。除夕宴就這(zhe)樣開(kai)始了(le)(le)。一(yi)陣掌聲(sheng)過(guo)后,總理(li)笑容滿面地向大(da)家(jia)(jia)問(wen)好,感謝(xie)大(da)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)年(nian)的辛勤勞動。宴會主(zhu)持人(ren)鄧穎超(chao)意味深長地說(shuo):“為什么今(jin)天請(qing)大(da)家(jia)(jia)吃(chi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)稀飯和(he)包(bao)子(zi)呢?一(yi)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為中(zhong)(zhong)國革(ge)命(ming)是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)加步槍打出來(lai)的;二是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)并不是(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)普通的小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi),是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)縣的金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)國的四大(da)名小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)首,金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)歷來(lai)都是(shi)(shi)貢品(pin),難得品(pin)嘗。為什么吃(chi)包(bao)子(zi)呢?是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為中(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)產黨和(he)毛主(zhu)席領導我們(men)推翻了(le)(le)三座(zuo)大(da)山(shan)(shan),建立了(le)(le)新中(zhong)(zhong)國,人(ren)民生活(huo)有了(le)(le)改善,所以(yi)今(jin)天能夠(gou)吃(chi)到(dao)肉包(bao)子(zi),我們(men)不能忘(wang)記中(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)產黨和(he)毛主(zhu)席的恩情。” 鄧穎超(chao)的話剛一(yi)說(shuo)完(wan),大(da)廳(ting)(ting)里立即響(xiang)起了(le)(le)掌聲(sheng)。1959年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國10年(nian)大(da)慶時(shi),周(zhou)總理(li)曾用(yong)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷米(mi)(mi)”招待(dai)外(wai)賓(bin)。
生產情況
馬(ma)廟鎮以現代農業提(ti)升(sheng)年為契機,依托馬(ma)廟鎮獨有的金谷(gu)資源,采取(qu)有效舉措,引(yin)領金谷(gu)種植提(ti)升(sheng)品質,拓(tuo)寬和(he)提(ti)高農民增(zeng)收致富能(neng)力。
該鎮(zhen)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)潛心研(yan)究和挖掘金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)獨(du)立(li)資(zi)源,實施(shi)有(you)效舉措,提升(sheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)量,凸顯(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)特色(se)(se),樹立(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小米(mi)新形象,使馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)創名(ming)牌、出(chu)精品(pin),走高端(duan),真正成為優(you)質(zhi)優(you)價的(de)(de)名(ming)優(you)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。一是選擇優(you)質(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong),首保(bao)小米(mi)質(zhi)量令人滿(man)意;二(er)是增施(shi)土雜肥(fei)、有(you)機肥(fei),改良(liang)土壤(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)酸(suan)化、板結現(xian)象,設(she)法恢復土壤(rang)(rang)原貌;三是鼓勵農民(min)由種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)夏谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)該種(zhong)春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),提高金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)量。四(si)是堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)宣傳(chuan),營(ying)(ying)造(zao)(zao)發(fa)展春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)良(liang)好氛圍。使讓農戶(hu)看到春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)良(liang)好前景,自愿加入到種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)隊伍中來(lai)。五(wu)是堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)把發(fa)展春谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、注冊“馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”商標、申請有(you)機認證作為發(fa)展金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)工作重(zhong)點,通過(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業立(li)項(xiang)、研(yan)發(fa)宣傳(chuan)、成立(li)專(zhuan)業合(he)作社,鼓勵農民(min)以土地(di)流轉的(de)(de)方式參(can)股金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)經(jing)營(ying)(ying),堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)“政(zheng)府引(yin)導、市場(chang)帶(dai)動、農戶(hu)參(can)與、企業運作的(de)(de)原則(ze),打造(zao)(zao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di),建(jian)設(she)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)核心區的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)配套,積(ji)極帶(dai)動基(ji)(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)周圍村莊,盡力擴大優(you)質(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)。六堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)文(wen)化宣傳(chuan)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)監(jian)管。把名(ming)優(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)與文(wen)化結合(he)起來(lai),廣泛宣傳(chuan),擴大馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)知名(ming)度。加強(qiang)質(zhi)量監(jian)管,防(fang)止(zhi)假冒偽(wei)劣金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian),影響馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)聲譽。到2011年,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)縣馬(ma)(ma)坡金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)農民(min)專(zhuan)業合(he)作社已建(jian)立(li)起綠色(se)(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)5400畝,在(zai)全省(sheng)同行(xing)業中率先獲得(de)國家“綠色(se)(se)食品(pin)”認證。