產地環境
馬(ma)廟(miao)(miao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷是山東省濟寧市金(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉縣(xian)(xian)馬(ma)廟(miao)(miao)鎮的著名特產,據《金(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉縣(xian)(xian)志》記載,金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷又(you)名齊頭占金(jin)(jin)(jin)谷,僅產于(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉縣(xian)(xian)馬(ma)廟(miao)(miao)鎮的馬(ma)坡,被稱為中國四大名米之(zhi)一。
馬(ma)(ma)廟(miao)金(jin)谷(gu)產地馬(ma)(ma)廟(miao)鎮馬(ma)(ma)廟(miao)村馬(ma)(ma)坡一帶(dai)的(de)(de)土壤為稀(xi)有的(de)(de)褐土化潮土,是典型的(de)(de)弱堿性(xing)(xing)土壤,土層深厚,土質(zhi)(zhi)為沙壤,質(zhi)(zhi)地較(jiao)肥(fei)沃,加(jia)之其地理(li)環境和(he)氣候條件較(jiao)為適宜(yi)谷(gu)子的(de)(de)生長和(he)發育,所以,是形(xing)成馬(ma)(ma)廟(miao)金(jin)谷(gu)優(you)良品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)得天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)(de)條件。據測定,該(gai)地區的(de)(de)土壤養(yang)分(fen)含量為:有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)1.32%,全氮(dan)0.075%,全磷0.082%,堿解(jie)氮(dan)67ppm,速效磷4ppm,速效鉀93ppm,土壤代換量為18.2毫克(ke)/100克(ke)。土壤物理(li)性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)也(ye)好,總孔(kong)隙(xi)(xi)度為60.7%,毛管孔(kong)隙(xi)(xi)度37.1%,通氣孔(kong)隙(xi)(xi)度為23.1%,田間最大持水量為8.8%。從(cong)這一帶(dai)土壤理(li)化性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)化驗結果看出,其理(li)化性(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)明顯優(you)于其他地方。
氣(qi)候方(fang)面,日照(zhao)充足,夏秋多雨,年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫12~14度,7月份最高溫平(ping)(ping)均23~27度,年降水量(liang)在600~850毫米,正是由于這(zhe)些獨特的水土品質及優良的自然條件,馬(ma)廟(miao)金(jin)谷(gu)形成了米色(se)澤金(jin)黃(huang)、質粘味香、懸而(er)不浮、汕而(er)不膩(ni)、入口爽滑(hua),能(neng)多次凝結(jie)米油層的特點(dian),其米油營養極(ji)為(wei)豐(feng)富有“代參湯(tang)”之(zhi)美稱(cheng)。俗稱(cheng)“能(neng)挑七層皮”。歷(li)史上被稱(cheng)為(wei)“十三怪”之(zhi)一(yi)。19世紀中(zhong)(zhong)期的清(qing)康熙年間被列為(wei)貢品。建(jian)國十年大(da)慶之(zhi)際,周總理曾用此(ci)米招待中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)賓(bin)客(ke)。1996年馬(ma)廟(miao)鎮(zhen)被國家農業部命(ming)名為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國金(jin)谷(gu)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。
品質特點
馬廟金谷(gu)米(mi)色金黃,性粘味香(xiang),米(mi)質優(you)異,營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富,居中國四大(da)名米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)。金谷(gu)小(xiao)米(mi)稀飯,聞之(zhi)(zhi)清香(xiang),食之(zhi)(zhi)甘美,且有熱補、潤腸功能,系滋(zi)補佳品。馬廟金谷(gu)小(xiao)米(mi)營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富。據測定(ding),淀粉含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)66.85%~69.76%,蛋白質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)達11.2%~13.4%,脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)4.5%~5.85%,比普通小(xiao)米(mi)高1%~3%。所含(han)(han)蛋白質、脂肪(fang)均(jun)高于大(da)米(mi)、面(mian)粉。人(ren)體必需的8種(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富而比例協調。如賴氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.22%~5.24%,蛋氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.4%,色氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.25%,亮(liang)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.87%,蘇(su)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、異亮(liang)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)及(ji)纈氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)等含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)在0.42%~2.88%之(zhi)(zhi)間。維生(sheng)素(su)的含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)亦較豐(feng)(feng)富,而粗(cu)纖(xian)維的含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)又是幾種(zhong)主要(yao)糧食作物中最低的。為產婦、幼兒及(ji)老人(ren)的滋(zi)補佳品。
相關典故
康熙(xi)在馬廟的傳說
1684年,康熙(xi)(xi)(xi)和禮(li)部尚書庶子張玉書南巡私訪,路過馬(ma)廟馬(ma)坡一(yi)帶(孟(meng)莊(zhuang)),已是(shi)半夜三(san)更,村民(min)幾(ji)乎都關門(men)睡覺了,只(zhi)有莊(zhuang)東頭的(de)一(yi)戶農家(jia)(jia)還亮(liang)著燈,騎著白馬(ma)的(de)康熙(xi)(xi)(xi)帝(di)(di)就命隨(sui)從叫開了那(nei)戶人家(jia)(jia)的(de)門(men),熱情(qing)好客的(de)農家(jia)(jia)就讓康熙(xi)(xi)(xi)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)入住在家(jia)(jia)里,女(nv)主人為他熬(ao)了一(yi)碗小米(mi)粥,康熙(xi)(xi)(xi)帝(di)(di)吃后稱是(shi)人間美(mei)味大加贊賞(shang),稱為“奇(qi)米(mi)”,從此金(jin)谷(gu)成為“貢品御米(mi)”, 每年秋后都要挑(tiao)選上等當地米(mi)送(song)往京城.為皇(huang)家(jia)(jia)享用。金(jin)谷(gu)米(mi)的(de)產地也因康熙(xi)(xi)(xi)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)當時騎著一(yi)匹白馬(ma)而被命名(ming)為白馬(ma)坡。
周(zhou)恩來與馬(ma)廟金(jin)谷(gu)
周恩(en)來侄子周保章(zhang)1961年(nian)曾(ceng)在西(xi)(xi)花(hua)廳和(he)總理(li)(li)過一(yi)次除(chu)夕(xi)。那(nei)天(tian),總理(li)(li)把在京(jing)的(de)(de)親屬(shu)(shu)、工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)其家(jia)(jia)屬(shu)(shu)都請(qing)到了西(xi)(xi)花(hua)廳,連大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帶孩子,熙(xi)(xi)熙(xi)(xi)攘攘地(di)(di)把西(xi)(xi)花(hua)廳擠(ji)得滿(man)滿(man)的(de)(de),足足擺(bai)了三大(da)(da)桌。人(ren)(ren)(ren)都坐好了,只見工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)端上了熱氣騰騰的(de)(de)大(da)(da)包(bao)子和(he)黃澄(cheng)(cheng)澄(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)金(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀飯。除(chu)夕(xi)宴就這(zhe)樣開始了。一(yi)陣(zhen)掌聲(sheng)過后,總理(li)(li)笑容滿(man)面地(di)(di)向大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)問好,感(gan)謝大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)年(nian)的(de)(de)辛勤勞動。宴會主持人(ren)(ren)(ren)鄧(deng)穎(ying)超意味深長地(di)(di)說:“為(wei)(wei)什么今(jin)天(tian)請(qing)大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)吃(chi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀飯和(he)包(bao)子呢?一(yi)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)(guo)革命是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)加步(bu)槍打出(chu)來的(de)(de);二(er)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)般普通的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是(shi)(shi)山東金(jin)鄉縣的(de)(de)金(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),中國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)四大(da)(da)名小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)之首,金(jin)谷小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)歷來都是(shi)(shi)貢品,難得品嘗。為(wei)(wei)什么吃(chi)包(bao)子呢?是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)(guo)共產黨和(he)毛主席領導(dao)我(wo)們推翻了三座大(da)(da)山,建立了新中國(guo)(guo),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活有了改善,所以今(jin)天(tian)能夠(gou)吃(chi)到肉包(bao)子,我(wo)們不(bu)能忘記中國(guo)(guo)共產黨和(he)毛主席的(de)(de)恩(en)情。” 鄧(deng)穎(ying)超的(de)(de)話剛一(yi)說完,大(da)(da)廳里立即響起了掌聲(sheng)。1959年(nian)中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)國(guo)(guo)10年(nian)大(da)(da)慶時,周總理(li)(li)曾(ceng)用(yong)“金(jin)谷米(mi)(mi)(mi)”招待(dai)外賓。
生產情況
馬廟鎮(zhen)(zhen)以現代農業提升年為契(qi)機,依托馬廟鎮(zhen)(zhen)獨有(you)的金谷資源,采取有(you)效舉措,引領金谷種(zhong)植提升品(pin)質,拓(tuo)寬(kuan)和(he)提高農民增收(shou)致富能力。
該鎮堅(jian)(jian)持潛心研究和挖掘金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)獨(du)立(li)(li)資(zi)源,實(shi)施(shi)有(you)效舉措,提升(sheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),凸顯金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)特色,樹立(li)(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小米(mi)新形象,使(shi)馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)米(mi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)創(chuang)名(ming)(ming)牌、出精品(pin),走高端(duan),真(zhen)正成為優(you)(you)質(zhi)優(you)(you)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。一是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)擇優(you)(you)質(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),首(shou)保小米(mi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)令人滿意;二是(shi)(shi)增施(shi)土(tu)(tu)雜(za)肥、有(you)機(ji)肥,改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)酸化(hua)、板結(jie)現象,設法恢復土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)原(yuan)貌;三是(shi)(shi)鼓勵(li)農(nong)(nong)民由種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植夏谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)該種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),提高金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。四是(shi)(shi)堅(jian)(jian)持春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)宣傳(chuan),營(ying)造發(fa)展(zhan)春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)良好氛圍。使(shi)讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)看(kan)到(dao)春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)良好前景,自愿加入到(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)隊伍中(zhong)來。五是(shi)(shi)堅(jian)(jian)持把發(fa)展(zhan)春(chun)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、注冊“馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”商標(biao)、申請有(you)機(ji)認證作(zuo)(zuo)為發(fa)展(zhan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)重點,通過(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)立(li)(li)項、研發(fa)宣傳(chuan)、成立(li)(li)專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)社,鼓勵(li)農(nong)(nong)民以(yi)土(tu)(tu)地(di)流轉的(de)(de)(de)方式參股金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)經營(ying),堅(jian)(jian)持“政府引導、市場帶動、農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)參與、企業(ye)運作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則,打造金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di),建設金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)核心區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎設施(shi)配套,積極(ji)帶動基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍村莊,盡力擴(kuo)大(da)優(you)(you)質(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積。六堅(jian)(jian)持金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)宣傳(chuan)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)監(jian)管。把名(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)與文(wen)化(hua)結(jie)合起(qi)來,廣泛宣傳(chuan),擴(kuo)大(da)馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)度。加強質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)管,防(fang)止假冒(mao)偽劣金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)出現,影(ying)響馬(ma)(ma)廟金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)聲譽。到(dao)2011年,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)縣馬(ma)(ma)坡金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植農(nong)(nong)民專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)社已建立(li)(li)起(qi)綠色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基(ji)地(di)5400畝(mu),在全省同行業(ye)中(zhong)率先獲得國家“綠色食品(pin)”認證。